Transcript Presentation Slides

EE595: Capstone Project –Team #1
• Kahnec De La Torre – Lead Report Manager
– BSEE – Programming and Wireless Networking
• Mike Haynes – Lead Manufacturing Manager
– BSEE – VHDL
• Bounnong Khamphoumy
– Lead Project Integrator
– BSEE – Electronics
• Jason Knedlhans – Lead System Designer
– BSEE – Audio
• Joseph Spitz – Lead Presentation Manager
– BSEE – Cacophonic Electronics
1
Resource Comparison
Time Resources
• 780 Resource hours
– Calculated at 12 hours per week per person for 13 weeks
• 845 Resource hours
– As taken from task estimates
• Difference of 65 hours
Monetary Resources
• $250
– Calculated as $50 per team member
• $228
– As taken from task estimates
• Difference of -$22
2
Selected Project
• A musical instrument
– New variation on synthesizer
– Mounted like a keyboard or upright like a cello
• Enables user to produce varied sounds
– Digital Effects including echo, auto-wah, and
distortion
– Analog overdrive effects
• Continuously variable frequency selector
– Requires both hands to play
3
The i1
Insert Picture here
4
The Instrument
Analog Comparison
System
Frequency Selector
Attack / Decay Control
Signal Routing
Analog Controls
Summing
Amp
Low Freq Oscillator
Digital
Controls
DSP State
Analog Audio
Analog Control
Serial 16 bit Digital
Parallel 8 bit Digital
8
Analog Audio Output
Analog Effects
Processor
Pre Amp
Filter
Including
ADC &
Memory
DAC
Power Supply
Joe
Mike Kahnec
Jason
5
Bounnong
Standard Requirements
Market
• Economic
– Total Market Size: $200,000
– Estimated Annual Volume: 100
– Minimum List Price: $2,000
– Maximum Product Material Cost: $250
– Maximum Production Cost: $200
• Marketing
– Market Geography: U.S.A.
– Market Demography: Musicians – Age 13 and up
– Competitors: Roland, Yamaha, Tascam
6
Standard Requirements
Environmental
Operating:
Storage:
Temperature Range
0 to 60 ºC
Humidity Range
0 to 100 %
Temperature Range
-10 to 70 ºC
Humidity Range
0 to 100 %
Storage Duration: 1 Year
7
Standard Requirements
Electrical & Life Cycle
Power:
Output :
Life
Cycle:
Input
100 to 240 Vac
50 – 60 Hz
Max Power
Consumption
150 W
Three Decades
50 to 20kHz
Product Lifetime
10 years
Warranty Period
90 days
Service Strategy
Factory Repair
8
Standard Requirements
Mechanical
• Maximum Dimensions:
30.5 x 10.2 x 76.2 cm
• Maximum Product Mass: 5 kg
• Maximum Number of PCBs: 3
• Maximum PCB Area: 465 cm2
9
Performance Requirements
User Inputs
• Frequency Selector
– Continuously variable selection
– Frequency range of 1.5 octave per selector
– Distance between chromatic notes between 2 and 5 cm
• Multiple Tap Selectors
– Selectable effects processing
– Patch synthesized audio through effect or bypass
• Analog Potentiometers
– To control output amplitude
– To set amplitude attack
– To set amplitude decay
10
Performance Requirements
User Indicators and Displays
• Displays
– DSP effect state indicator – three digits
– Level of effect applied
• LED Indicators
– System on/off state
– Analog effect state
11
Performance Requirements
Electrical Output Interface
•
•
•
•
•
¼ inch Jack
1000 Ohm impedance
Less than 2 volt output magnitude
Less than 1% THD
50 to 20kHz frequency range
12
Performance Requirements
Modes of Operation
Any combination of digital or analog effects
• Digital Effects
– On/off
– Effect
• Analog Effect
– On/off
– Adjustable overdrive intensity
• Echo
• Distortion
• Auto-Wah
– Effect intensity
– Effect parameter
13
Safety Requirements
• Maximum surface temperature is less than 40oC
• Low potential on exposed surfaces < .01 μV
14
Safety Standards
• UL 469 Musical Instruments and Accessories
• UL 1310 Class 2 power units
• UL 1998 Software in Programmable
Components
• UL 486 Wire Connectors
15
EMC Standards
Standard
Description
Applies to Block #
EN61001–3–3
Limitation of Voltage Fluctuation
and Flicker in Low-Voltage
Supplies < 16 A
Block 5
IEC61000–4–4
Electrical Fast Transient & Burst
IEC61000–4–5
Power Input Surge Immunity
Block 5
Block 5
IEC61000–4–8
Power Frequency Magnetic
Field Immunity
Block 5
IEC61000–4–11
Voltage Dip, Short Dropout &
Variation Immunity
Block 5
61000-4-2 EMC Part 4,
Section 2
ESD immunity tests
Blocks 1, 2, 3, 4
61000-4-7 EMC Part 4,
Section 7
General guide on harmonics
measurement and
instrumentation
Blocks 2, 3, 4
16
High Level Gantt Outline
17
Frequency Selector
& Audio Signal Router
Joseph Spitz
18
The i1
Analog Comparison
System
Frequency Selector
Attack / Decay Control
Signal Routing
Analog Controls
Summing
Amp
Low Freq Oscillator
Digital
Controls
Analog Audio
Analog Control
16 bit Digital Audio
16 bit Digital Control
DSP State
Analog Audio Output
Analog Effects
Processor
Pre Amp
Filter
Including
ADC &
Memory
DAC
Power Supply
Joe
Mike Kahnec
Jason
19
Bounnong
Frequency Selector &
Audio Signal Router
Functional Description
• Allows user to play note
• Sums audio signals from the oscillator block into
one signal
• Controls the attack of the notes played
• Sends signals to the effects blocks
20
Frequency Selector &
Audio Signal Router
Block Requirements
Standard Requirements
Min. Operating Temperature Range
Min. Operating Humidity Range
0 to 60 ºC
0 to 100 % RH
Non-Condensing
Min. Storage Temperature Range
(-10) to 70 ºC
Min. Storage Humidity Range
0 to 100 % RH
Min. Operating Voltage Range Source 1
-10.5 to -9.5 VDC
Min. Operating Voltage Range Source 2
10.5 to 9.5 VDC
Max. Power Consumption
5W
21
Frequency Selector &
Audio Signal Router
Block Requirements Cont.
Performance Requirements
Frequency Ranger per selector
1.5 Octaves
Distance Between Notes
2.5 cm to 5 cm
Frequency Selecting Tuners
+/- 0.5 Octaves
Attack Range
unperceivable delay to max gain to
2 sec delay to maximum gain
Signal to Noise Ratio
95 dB
THD
< 0.2%
22
Frequency Selector &
Audio Signal Router
Block Signal Tables
Power Signals
Power1 VCC +10
Power2 VCC -10
Analog Signals
Analog1 VCO Control Voltage
Audio From VCO
Audio to DSP
Audio to Analog
Audio from DSP
Audio from Analog Effects
Audio to Preamp
Type
Direction
DC Power
DC Power
Input
Input
Type
Analog
Analog
Analog
Analog
Analog
Analog
Analog
Voltage
Nominal
Voltage Range
Min
Max
10.0V
-10.0V
9.5V
-9.5V
Direction
Coupling
Output
Input
Output
Output
Input
Input
Output
Direct
Direct
Direct
Direct
Direct
Direct
Direct
10.5V
-10.5V
Freq
Nominal
DC
DC
Voltage Max
Amplitude
10.0V
4.0V
4.0V
4.0V
4.0V
4.0V
4.0V
Freq Range
Min
Max
0
0
N/A
N/A
Impedance
Min
Max
0.0ohms
6.8Ohms
950
5 Ohms
5 Ohms
950
5 Ohms
6kohms
9.2kOhms
1050
10 Ohms
10 Ohms
1050
10 Ohms
% V-Reg
Max
5.00%
5.00%
V-Ripple
Max
0.5V
0.5V
Freq Range
Min
Max
DC
10
20 Hz
20 Hz
20 Hz
20 Hz
20 Hz
DC
10Khz
20Khz
20Khz
20Khz
20Khz
20Khz
23
Current
Max
.5A
.5A
Leakage
Max
2uA
2uA
2uA
2uA
2uA
2uA
2uA
Frequency Selector &
Audio Signal Router
Block Diagram
Tuning
Actuation by User
Position Sensor
DC
Signal
Effect Select/Bypass
Input
Audio Signal
Routing
To
To
To
Preamp DSP
Analog
Effects Distortion
Voltage
Scaling
DC 1 to 10 V
To LFO
Attack Input
Audio Signal
4 V Amplitude
100 to 10KHz
Summing
Amplifier
Bus Of
Audio Signals
4 V amplitude
100 to 10KHz
24
Frequency Selector &
Audio Signal Router
Prototype Plan
Block
Name
Block
Area
(cm2)
Total PCB
Area
(cm2)
PCB
Substrate
Type
Component
Attachment
Type
Socketed
Components
Types of
Connectors
Frequency
Selector &
Summing
Amplifier
200
200
SiO2
Perf-board /w
Solder pads
Op amps
N/A
25
Frequency Selector &
Audio Signal Router
Block Task-Resources Estimate
Labor
– 117.3 Hours
– Includes
• Prototyping
• Design
Finance
– $ 50
– Includes
• Prototyping
• Components
26
Low-Frequency
Oscillator
Michael Haynes
27
The i1
Analog Comparison
System
Frequency Selector
Attack / Decay Control
Signal Routing
Analog Controls
Summing
Amp
Low Freq Oscillator
Digital
Controls
Analog Audio
Analog Control
16 bit Digital Audio
16 bit Digital Control
DSP State
Analog Audio Output
Analog Effects
Processor
Pre Amp
Filter
Including
ADC &
Memory
DAC
Power Supply
Joe
Mike Kahnec
Jason
28
Bounnong
Low – Frequency Oscillator
Functional Description
• Receives a DC input and outputs an AC
voltage
• By using a Voltage-controlled Oscillator
(VCO), the DC input can control the output
frequency
• An analog comparison system is used to
ensure that no transients are heard after
releasing pressure on the main interface
29
Low – Frequency Oscillator
Block Requirements
Standard Requirements
Min. Operating Temperature Range
Min. Operating Humidity Range
Min. Storage Temperature Range
Min. Storage Humidity Range
Min. Source Voltage Range
Max. Power Consumption
0 – 60 ºC
0 – 100 % RH
(-5) – 65 ºC
0 – 100 % RH
+/- 10 VDC
5 Watts
30
Low – Frequency Oscillator
Block Requirements Cont.
Performance Requirements
Input Power Voltages
Power Input Tolerances
+/- 10 VDC
+/- 1 mV
Analog Input Voltage Range
0 – 4 VDC
Analog Input Frequency Range
0 – 10 Hz
Analog Output Voltage Range
(-4) – 4 VAC
Analog Output Frequency Range
220 – 20 kHz
31
Low – Frequency Oscillator
Block Signal Tables
Power Signals
Power1 VEE +10
Power2 VEE (-)10
Analog Signals
Analog1 LFO Control Voltage
Analog2 Output
Type
Direction
DC Power
DC Power
Voltage
Nominal
Input
Input
10.0V
(-)10.0V
Type
Direction
Analog
Analog
Input
Output
Voltage Range
Min
Max
9.5V
(-)10.5V
Coupling
Direct
Direct
10.5V
(-)9.5V
Freq
Nominal
DC
DC
Voltage Max
Amplitude
4.0V
4.0V
Freq Range
Min
Max
0
0
N/A
N/A
Impedance
Min
Max
0.1ohms
6.8ohms
6kohms
9.2ohms
% V-Reg
Max
5.00%
5.00%
V-Ripple
Max
0.1V
0.1V
Freq Range
Min
Max
DC
10
Current
Max
DC
10Khz
1.2A
1.2A
Leakage
Max
2uA
N/A
32
Low – Frequency Oscillator
Block Diagram
+/- 5 VDC from
Power Supply block
+/- 4 VDC
analog signal
from the
Interface block
Analog
Comparison
VCO
4 VAC analog
signal is sent back
to the Interface
block
33
Low – Frequency Oscillator
Prototype Plan
Block
Name
Block
Area
(cm2)
Total PCB
Area
(cm2)
PCB
Substrate
Type
Component
Attachment
Type
Socketed
Components
Types of
Connectors
Low
Frequency
Oscillator
229
300
PrePerforated
Direct Solder
N/A
N/A
Analog
Comparator
125
150
PrePerforated
Direct Solder
N/A
N/A
34
Low – Frequency Oscillator
Block Task-Resources Estimate
• Project definition and system design phases: 80
hours
• Verification, integration and implementation phase:
140 hours
• Testing and fabrication of final product: 40 hours.
Estimated total hours: 260
Estimated total cost: $50 (includes parts and
fabrication)
35
Digital Effects
Jason Knedlhans
36
The i1
Analog Comparison
System
Frequency Selector
Attack / Decay Control
Signal Routing
Analog Controls
Summing
Amp
Low Freq Oscillator
Digital
Controls
Analog Audio
Analog Control
16 bit Digital Audio
16 bit Digital Control
DSP State
Analog Audio Output
Analog Effects
Processor
Pre Amp
Filter
Including
ADC &
Memory
DAC
Power Supply
Joe
Mike Kahnec
Jason
37
Bounnong
Digital Effects
Functional Description
• Allows user to add digital audio effects to the
original audio signals created by oscillators
• Converts analog audio signal to a 16 bit
digital signal
• Applies digital effects
– Distortion
– Echo
– Auto Wah
• Audio is then converted to an analog signal
for final output stage.
38
Digital Effects
Block Requirements
Standard Requirements
Min. Operating Temperature Range
Min. Operating Humidity Range
Min. Storage Temperature Range
0 – 60 ºC
0 – 100 % N.C.
(-5) – 65 ºC
Min. Storage Humidity Range
0 – 100 % N.C.
Min. Source 1 Voltage Range
4.75 – 5.25 VDC
Min. Source 2 Voltage Range
(-5.25) – (-4.75) VDC
Max. Power Consumption
500 mW
39
Digital Effects
Block Requirements
Performance Requirements
Input & Output Audio Frequency Range
220 – 20 kHz
Input & Output Voltage Range
+/- 5 V
Minimum Throughput
50 ms
Digital Word Length
16 bits
Minimum Sampling Rate
44.1 kHz
Minimum THD
0.1 %
Minimum SNR
90 dB
DC Supply Voltages
± 5V
40
Digital Effects
Block Signal Tables
Power Signals
Type
Power1 VCC +5
Power2 VCC -5
DC Power
DC Power
Analog Signals
Digital 1
Input
Input
Type
Analog 1 Input
Analog 2 Output
Digital Signals
Direction
Analog
Analog
Voltage
Nominal
5.0V
(-)5.0V
Direction
Input
Output
Voltage Range
Min
Max
4.75V
(-)4.75V
Coupling
Direct
Direct
5.25V
(-)5.25V
Freq
Nominal
DC
DC
Voltage Max
Amplitude
4.0V
4.0V
Freq Range
Min
Max
0
0
N/A
N/A
Impedance
Min
Max
6.8ohms
5ohms
% V-Reg
Max
5.00%
5.00%
V-Ripple
Max
0.1V
0.1V
1A
1A
Freq Range
Min
Max
9.2kohms DC
10ohms
DC
Current
Max
Leakage
Max
10 kHz
10 kHz
8 uA
8 uA
Type Direction Output Input
Tech Freq Logic
Input Characteristics
Output Characteristics
Structure Structure
Nominal Voltage Vih Min Iih Max ViL Max IiL Max Vth Min Vth Max Voh Min Ioh Max VoL Max IoL Max
Digital
Bidir
N/A
Standard TTL
22.0Mhz 5V
2.0V
400uA
0.8V
-1.2mA 5V
5.02V
490.00% *-4mA
10.00%
41
4mA
Digital Effects
Block Diagram
Analog
Input
± 5V
ADC
8
Processor
Analog
Output
± 5V
DAC
Serial
Digital
Controls
Including
ADC &
Memory
DSP State
Memory
42
Digital Effects
Prototype Plan
Block
Name
Block
Area
(cm2)
Total PCB
Area
(cm2)
PCB
Substrate
Type
Component
Attachment
Type
Socketed
Components
Types of
Connectors
Digital Effects
232
232
SiO2
Wire wrap
Processor,
DAC, Digital
Conrols
N/A
43
Digital Effects
Block Task-Resources Estimate
Labor
– 117.3 Man
Hours
– Includes
• Prototyping
• Design
Finance
– $ 50
– Includes
• Prototyping
• Components
44
Analog Effects &
Preamp
Kahnec De La Torre
45
The Instrument
Analog Comparison
System
Frequency Selector
Attack / Decay Control
Signal Routing
Analog Controls
Summing
Amp
Low Freq Oscillator
Digital
Controls
Analog Audio
Analog Control
16 bit Digital Audio
16 bit Digital Control
DSP State
Analog Audio Output
Analog Effects
Processor
Pre Amp
Filter
Including
ADC &
Memory
DAC
Power Supply
Joe
Mike Kahnec
Jason
46
Bounnong
Analog Effects & Preamp
Functional Description
Analog Effects
– Provides additional sound effects through
analog circuit
– Operates over a variable range
Preamp
– Volume is controlled at the user interface
47
Analog Effects & Preamp
Block Requirements
Standard Requirements
Min. Operating Temperature Range
0 to 60 ºC
Min. Operating Humidity Range
0 to 100 % RH
Min. Storage Temperature Range
(-10) to 70 ºC
Min. Storage Humidity Range
0 to 100 % RH
Min. Operating Voltage Range Source 1
5.67 to 6.93 VAC
Min. Operating Voltage Range Source 2
114 to 126 VDC
Min. Operating Voltage Range Source 3 & 4
Max. Power Consumption
4.75 to 5.25 VDC
5W
48
Analog Effects & Preamp
Block Requirements Cont.
Performance Requirements
Analog Effects:
Controlled by Voltage
- 4V to + 4V
Signal to Noise Ratio
95 dB
Output to Signal Routing Block
- 4V to + 4v
Preamp:
Output Connector
¼ inch phono jack
Output voltage –
- 2V to +2V
Total Harmonic Distortion
< 0.02 %
Signal to Noise Ratio
95 dB
Output Frequency Range
50 Hz to 20 kHz
49
Analog Effects & Preamp
Block Signal Tables
Power Signals
Heater Voltage + 6.3 V
Plate Voltage + 100 V
Preamp Voltage + 5V
Preamp Voltage - 5V
Digital Signals
Digital Volume
Analog Signals
Audio Input
Audio Output
Type
AC Power
DC Power
DC Power
DC Power
Type
Digital
Type
Analog
Analog
Direction
Input
Input
Input
Input
Direction
Input
Direction
Input
Output
Voltage
Nominal
6.3V
120V
5V
5V
Voltage Range
Min
Max
5.67V
6.93V
114V
126V
4.75V
5.25V
4.75V
5.25V
Freq
Nominal
DC
DC
DC
DC
Output
Structure
N/A
Input
Structure
Standard
Freq
Logic
Input Characteristics
Nominal Voltage Vih Min Iih Max
ViL Max IiL Max
22.0 Mhz 5V
2.0V
400uA
0.8V
-1.2mA
Coupling
Direct
Direct
Tech
TTL
0
0
0
0
Freq Range
Min
Max
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Voltage Max
Impedance
Freq Range
Amplitude
Min
Max
Min
Max
4.0V
5 ohms
10 ohms DC
10 kHz
2.0V
950 ohms 1050 ohms DC
10 kHz
% V-Reg
Max
10.00%
5.00%
5.00%
5.00%
V-Ripple
Max
0.1V
0.5V
0.1V
0.1V
Leakage
Max
8 uA
8 uA
50
Current
Max
0.15A
0.5mA
0.5A
0.5A
Analog Effects & Preamp
Audio Effect in
From
Signal Router
Block Diagram
Analog Control
Amplifier
Vacuum Tube
preamp
Attenuator
Analog
Signal
to
Signal Router
Preamp in from
Signal Router
Preamp
Volume Control
Passive Noise Filter
51
Analog Effects & Preamp
Prototype Plan
Block
Name
Block
Area
(cm2)
Total PCB
Area
(cm2)
PCB
Substrate
Type
Component
Attachment
Type
Socketed
Components
Types of
Connectors
Analog Effects
& Preamp
282
282
SiO2
Wire Wrap
Vacuum Tube
Op Amps
¼ inch Phone
Jack
52
Analog Effects & Preamp
Block Task-Resources Estimate
• Resource hours to be
invested after
10/11/2005
• Monetary Investment
• $30
• 122 hours
53
Power Supply
Bounnong Khamphoumy
54
The i1
Analog Comparison
System
Frequency Selector
Attack / Decay Control
Signal Routing
Analog Controls
Summing
Amp
Low Freq Oscillator
Digital
Controls
Analog Audio
Analog Control
16 bit Digital Audio
16 bit Digital Control
DSP State
Analog Audio Output
Analog Effects
Processor
Pre Amp
Filter
Including
ADC &
Memory
DAC
Power Supply
Joe
Mike Kahnec
Jason
55
Bounnong
Power Supply
Functional Description
• Provides the required power needed by each
block.
• Regulates the output so it’s reliable and
independent from input fluctuations.
• Kept separate from the main board.
56
Power Supply
Block Requirements
Standard Requirements
Min. Operating Temperature Range
0 – 60 ºC
Min. Operating Humidity Range
0 – 100 % RH
Min. Storage Temperature Range
(-10) – 70 ºC
Min. Storage Humidity Range
0 – 100 % RH
Min. Source 1 Voltage Range
100 – 127 VAC
Min. Source 2 Voltage Range
220 – 240 VAC
Max. Power Consumption
30 W
57
Power Supply
Block Requirements Cont.
Performance Requirements
AC Power Frequency Range
50 – 60 Hz
Output 1 Voltage Range
4.75 – 5.25 VDC
Output 2 Voltage Range
(-5.25) – (-4.75) VDC
Output 3 Voltage Range
9.5 – 10.5 VDC
Output 4 Voltage Range
(-10.5) – (-9.5) VDC
Output 5 Voltage Range
5.99 – 6.62 VAC
Output 5 Frequency Range
Output 6 Voltage Range
50 – 60 Hz
95 – 105 VDC
58
Power Supply
Block Signal Tables
Power Signals
Power1 VCC +5V
Power2 VCC -5V
Power3 VEE +10V
Power4 VEE -10V
Power5 Heater Voltage
Power6 Plate Voltage
Power7 AC Input (Domestic)
Power5 AC Input (European)
Type
DC Power
DC Power
DC Power
DC Power
AC Power
DC Power
AC Power
AC Power
Direction
Output
Output
Output
Output
Output
Output
Input
Input
Voltage
Nominal
5.0V
(-)5.0V
10.0V
(-)10.0V
6.3V
100V
120V
230V
Voltage Range
Min
Max
4.75V
(-)5.25V
9.5V
(-)10.5V
5.99V
95V
100V
220V
5.25V
(-)4.75V
10.5V
(-)9.5V
6.62V
105
127V
240V
Freq
Nominal
DC
DC
DC
DC
50/60
DC
60
50
Freq Range
Min
Max
0
0
0
0
50
0
58
45
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
60
N/A
62
55
% V-Reg
Max
5.00%
5.00%
5.00%
5.00%
N/A
5.00%
N/A
N/A
V-Ripple
Max
0.1V
0.1V
0.1V
0.1V
N/A
0.25V
N/A
N/A
Current
Max
2.7A
2.7A
1A
1A
.15A
.5mA
59
Power Supply
Block Diagram
XFormer
10 V, 5.6 A
Bridge
Rectifier
Filter
120 VAC
230 VAC
+/- 10 VDC
Voltage
Drop
XFormer
6.3 V, .8 A
XFormer
115 V, .22 A
10 V
Voltage
Regulator
6.3 VAC
+/- 5 VDC
Bridge
Rectifier
Filter
100 V
Voltage
Regulator
100 VDC
60
Power Supply
Prototype Plan
Block
Name
Block
Area
(cm2)
Total
PCB
Area
(cm2)
PCB
Substrate
Type
Comp.
Attach.
Type
XFormer 1
48.4
48.4
Pertinax
1.14 mm
---
---
XFormer 2
13.8
62.2
Pertinax
.64 mm
---
---
XFormer 3
36.3
98.5
Pertinax
Chasis
Mounted
---
---
Rectifiers
5
103.5
Pertinax
1.06 mm
---
---
Regulators
8
111.5
Pertinax
TO-220
---
---
Misc.
20
131.5
Pertinax
---
---
---
Socketed Type of
Comp.
Connect.
61
Power Supply
Block Task-Resources Estimate
Labor
– 124.7 Man Hours
– Includes
• Design
• Prototyping
• Verification
Finance
– $ 50
– Includes
• Components
62