Transcript Body fluids that require precautions

Clinical Safety
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Risks Accidents
10,000 device related injuries in the US every year due:
• Improper use
• Inadequate training
• Improper (lack of) use of manuals
• Device failure
Types of Hazards
• Biological
• Chemical
• Physical
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g_symbol.svg
Biologic Hazards
Body fluids that require precautions
Amniotic fluid
Blood
Cerebrospinal fluid
Feces
Nasal secretions
Pericaridial fluid
Peritoneal fluid
Perspiration
Pleural fluid
Saliva
Semen
Sputum
Synovial fluid
Urine
Vaginal secretions
Vomitus
Biologic Hazards
• Precautions
• Any blood spills must be cleaned/disinfected
immediately
• Individuals with open wounds or abrasions should
wear finger cots/gloves when handling blood
specimens
• immunization
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[Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
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Chemical Hazards
Risks:
• Cleaning agents, disinfectants
• Caustic, irritating
• Anesthetics
• Drugs
• Fire-flammable liquids
• Compressed gases – oxygen, air
Chemical Hazards
• Precautions
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Know the nature of the chemical used
Label chemicals properly
Prohibit mouth pipetting
Observe basic rule “acid to water”
Chemical spills containment
Use safety cans, fume hood, and cabinets
Wear proper attire
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Chemical Hazards
• Warning Signs
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Physical Hazards
• Ergonomic
• Mechanical
• Noise
• Thermal
• Radiation
• Electrical
Ergonomic Hazards
• Carpal tunnel syndrome: compressed median nerve due
to swelling of the tendon sheath. Causes: Prolonged
flexing of the wrist – typing.
• Tendentious: inflamed tendons. Causes: Excess motion
or stress.
• White Finger - loss of adequate blood supply to fingers.
Causes: Vibrations, very tight pressure.
• Lower back pain – Causes: Incorrect posture.
Ergonomic Hazards
Lifting
• Keep back straight
• Lift with legs
• Do not use rapid motion
• Do not twist
• Do not raise above shoulders
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Administration) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
Ergonomic Hazards
Sitting
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Mechanical Hazards
• Use eye and hand protection
• Wear gloves when handling steel cabling
• Wear closed rubber soled leather shoes with steel toes
• Use face shields, safety glasses
• Wear dry, hole-free insulating gloves
• Do NOT wear loose items such as rings, necklaces, bracelets,
long hair, loose clothing, neckties, scarves, earrings, and
beards
• Watch out for sharp objects, pinch points, and moving
objects
Mechanical Hazards
Compressed gases can explode
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Electrical Hazards
BMETs can be exposed to very high voltages
and can be at risk of electrical shock or burns
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Electrical Hazards
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Know where the panels and circuit breakers are located.
Label all circuit breakers and fuse boxes clearly.
Understand lock out and tag out of circuits.
Disconnect and lockout the power supply before any maintenance tasks or adjustments.
Do not block access to panels, circuit breakers, or fuse boxes.
Always use the correct size fuse.
Use non-conductive ladders and step stools.
Risk of electric shock is higher in wet locations use GFCIs (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters)
in wet locations.
Do not touch a person or electrical apparatus in the event of an electrical accident. Always
disconnect the power source first.
Do not reach into an electrical panel using both hands.
Do not wear rings or carry metallic materials on your body which may bridge conductors.
Be sure you are properly trained in CPR.
Never assume a circuit is de-energized, measure voltage with an appropriate instrument.
Do not disconnect energized circuits except with designed switching devices.
Do not work on high voltage without appropriate tools and training.
Use safety testers where appropriate to check proper polarity, leakage, and grounding.
Noise Hazards
Continuous noise limits
• 85 dBA, 8 hour TWA - Action Level
• 90 dBA, 8 hour TWA - Permissible Exposure
Impact noise
• No exposures above 140 dB
shall be permitted
Safety
• Ear Plugs
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Thermal Hazards
Fuel Sources
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Wood based, cloth, paper, rubber, certain plastics
Flammable liquids, gases, petroleum products
Energized or electrical equipment, conductors or appliances
Combustible metals, such as sodium, potassium, magnesium
Thermal Hazards
Extinguishers
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Thermal Hazards
Extinguishers:
• Air pressurized water
• APWs are designed for Class A (wood, paper, cloth,
rubber, and certain plastics) fires only.
• Carbon Dioxide
• CO2 extinguishers are designed for Class B and C
(flammable liquid and electrical) fires only.
• Dry Chemical
• Dry Chemical extinguishers will have a label
indicating they may be used on class A, B, and/or C
fires.
Thermal Hazards
Extinguishers
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Pull…
Aim…
Squeeze…
Sweep…
Radiation Hazards
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Radiation Hazards
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Alpha
Beta
Gamma
X-rays
Radiation Hazards
Sources:
• Medical X-ray (β-rays)
• Nuclear Medical Exposures
• Hospital radioactive waste
Radiation Hazards
Dangers:
• DNA damage is cumulative
• Cells are most sensitive to radiation damage if
– Have a high mitotic (cell division) rate
– A slow long mitotic cycle
• Exposure to the eyes causes cataract formation.
Radiation Hazards (Light)
• Radiowaves &
Microwaves
• Infrared Light
• Visible Light
• Ultrasound
• UV Light
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Radio Frequency
Interference Hazards
Cell
Phones
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from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Man_speaking_on_mobile_phone.jpg
Radio Frequency
Interference Hazards
• Cell phones can cause electromagnetic
interference (EMI) with laboratory equipment.
• This includes sending/receiving text messages
and making/receiving phone calls.
• Switch off cell phones (mobile devices) when
working with ECG's.