Transcript Making effective powerpoint presentations

Making effective powerpoint-based
presentations
Bruce E. Logan
Penn State University
Updated: June 6, 2014
Engineering Energy &
Environmental Institute
Some slide formats use a lot of room
The first thing you write is already
1/3 down the page. This means
your most important material is on
the bottom of the slide, which may
be difficult to see….
2
Consider first the slide
background…
3
Can you really read this very well?
 Careful NOT to have too “busy” a
background in the slide.
4
Thinking about ways to
present your data
The colors you can use depends
on the background!
5
Thinking about ways to
present your data
The colors you can use depends
on the background!
6
Thinking about ways to
present your data
The colors you can use depends
on the background!
7
Thinking about ways to
present your data
The colors you can use depends
on the background!
8
Thinking about ways to
present your data
The colors you can use depends
on the background!
9
Oil and Fossil Fuels
Global industrial growth is increasing the demand for
fossil fuels and energy
– Peak in US oil production 30 years ago produced a crisis
– Global production of oil will peak in the next 10 to 20 years
– CO2 emissions continue to increase causing climate change
Energy alternatives that exist (nuclear, coal, oil shale,
methane hydrates?) pose continued environmental
challenges.
10
Oil and Fossil Fuels
• Global industrial growth is increasing the demand for
fossil fuels and energy
– Peak in US oil production 30 years ago produced a crisis
– Global production of oil will peak in the next 10 to 20 years
– CO2 emissions continue to increase causing climate change
• Energy alternatives that exist (nuclear, coal, oil shale,
methane hydrates?) pose continued environmental
challenges.
11
Oil and Fossil Fuels
Global industrial growth is increasing the demand
for fossilfonts
fuels andthat are
Choose
energy
clear (these letters
– Peak in US oil production 30 years ago producedare
a crisistoo close).
– Global production of oil will peak in the next 10 to 20 years
Use
– CO2 emissions continue to increase causing climate
changea bigger font
than a bold
Energy alternatives that exist (nuclear, coal, rather
oil shale, methane
hydrates?) pose continued environmental challenges.
font (these are too
bold)
12
Black backgrounds are GREAT…
but only in dark rooms
A white background provides light into the room and
will show up better in rooms that are either dark or that
have more light.
Red colors look great on Black (or white) backgrounds,
but not on blue backgrounds
13
Do NOT use a slide like this that
has no real “information”
•
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
14
Do indicate different subjects that
you might cover
• How an MFC works
• Laboratory tests using a single substrate
• Pilot scale tests using industrial
wastewaters
15
Graphs:
If you use the Excel
default font size, it is
probably too small!
16
Adapted from: Cheng & Logan (2006) Electrochem. Commun.
17
Adapted from: Cheng & Logan (2006) Electrochem. Commun.
18
2000
-2
Power density (mW m )
Cell Voltage (V)
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
1500
1000
V-Treated
V-Untreated
P-Treated
P-Untreated
0
0.2
0.4
500
0
0.6
0.8
1
Current density (mA cm-2)
Adapted from: Cheng & Logan (2006) Electrochem. Commun.
19
2000
-2
Power density (mW m )
Cell Voltage (V)
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
1500
1000
V-Treated
V-Untreated
P-Treated
P-Untreated
0
0.2
0.4
500
0
0.6
0.8
1
-2
Current density (mA cm )
Adapted from: Cheng & Logan (2006) Electrochem. Commun.
20
2000.00
-2
Do not use
decimal places
when they are
not needed!
1500.00
1000.00
V-Treated
V-Untreated
P-Treated
P-Untreated
Power density (mW m )
Cell Voltage (V)
0.9000
0.8000
0.7000
0.6000
0.5000
0.4000
0.3000
0.2000
0.1000
0.0000
500.00
0.00
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00
-2
Current density (mA cm )
Adapted from: Cheng & Logan (2006) Electrochem. Commun.
21
The ppt software chooses your graph
size… but don’t let it!
Adapted from: Cheng & Logan (2006) Electrochem. Commun.
22
You can put two graphs side-by side, with the
right font size.
1000
V-Treated
V-Untreated
P-Treated
P-Untreated
0
0.2
0.4
500
0
0.6
0.8
Current density (mA cm-2)
1
Cell Voltage (V)
-2
1500
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
2000
-2
2000
Power density (mW m )
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Power density (mW m )
Cell Voltage (V)
A background color can be helpful to emphasize
one graph over another
1500
1000
V-Treated
V-Untreated
P-Treated
P-Untreated
0
0.2
0.4
500
0
0.6
0.8
1
Current density (mA cm-2)
Cheng & Logan (2006) Electrochem. Commun.
23
You can use “appear” to
emphasize specific graphs during
your talk
24
2
cm
0.6
Treated
Untreated
0.5
Cell voltage (V)
Ammonia treatment of
the anode
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
100
200
300
Time (h)
•
•
Carbon cloth electrode
Exposed to ammonia gas (5%) at 700oC
for 60 minutes
Surface charge increased from from
0.38 to 4.0 meq m-2
Maximum power of 1970 mW/m2 (115
W/m3)
2000
-2
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Power density (mW m )
•
•
Cell Voltage (V)
Anode
1500
1000
V-Treated
V-Untreated
P-Treated
P-Untreated
0
0.2
0.4
500
0
0.6
0.8
1
Current density (mA cm-2)
Cheng & Logan (2006) Electrochem. Commun.
25
Use motion paths and animation
to help reinforce your point…
…but don’t overdo it!
26
26
MFCs
Electrical power generation in a Microbial Fuel
Cell (MFC) using exoelectrogenic microorganisms
load
Anode
e-
e-
Fuel
(wastes)
H+
Oxidation
products
(CO2)
Cathode
Oxidant
(O2)
Reduced
oxidant
(H2O)
Bacteria that make
electrical current
Liu et al. (2004) Environ. Sci. Technol.
27
Na+
Cl-
Na+
What if we move the RED stack
into anCEM
MFC?
AEM
Cl-
Permselective Membrane
Saline (HC) Solution
Anode
Cathode
Na+
Na+
Cl-
e-
e-
Na+
Na+
Cl-
Cl-
Oxidation
C
A
C
A
C
A
Reduction
C
LC Solution
Organic
matter
CO2 & H+
O2 + 4H+
2H2O
28
H2 Day Activities
•
•
•
•
•
Posters can be viewed all day
1:30 Panel Sessions
3:50 Laboratory tours
5:30 Reception
6:30 Dinner-- with Dan Desmond,
H2E Web page: www.engr.psu.edu/h2e
Posters on H2 Research
PA Dept. Environmental Protection
Booths and Displays
Congressman Peterson
29
(Industrial Research Office)
29
H2 Day Activities
•
•
•
•
•
Posters can be viewed all day
1:30 Panel Sessions
3:50 Laboratory tours
5:30 Reception
6:30 Dinner-- with Dan Desmond,
H2E Web page: www.engr.psu.edu/h2e
Posters on H2 Research
PA Dept. Environmental Protection
Booths and Displays
Congressman Peterson
30
(Industrial Research Office)
30
Take lots of pictures of your
experimental devices!
31
Nanowires on a MFC electrode
Yuri Goby (2005). Pres. DOE NABIR meeting, April
20, 8:10 am, Warrenton, VA.
32
www.lbl.gov/NABIR/generalinfo/annualmtg/05_ann_mtg.html.
32
Include pictures with graphs if it helps!
Power= 494 mW/m2
(No PEM)
0.6
No PEM
Voltage (V)
0.5
0.4
Nafion membrane
Power= 250 mW/m2
(PEM)
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
50
100
Time (h)
Liu & Logan (2004) Environ. Sci. Technol.
33
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Power
0.8
Hydrophobic tube cathode
(CoTMPP, 113 m2/m3)
0.7
16 W/m3
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
Voltage (V)
Power Density (W/m3)
Match colors with graphs to help
with complex figures
Carbon flat cathode
(Pt, 25 m2/m3)
10 W/m3
0.1
0
20
40
60
Current (A/M3 )
0
80 Voltage
100
Hydrophilic Tube Cathode
(CoTMPP, 84 m2/m3)
9 W/m3
Zuo et al. (2007) Environ. Sci. Technol.
34
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
Pow er (mW m-2)
Cell voltage (V)
Here, the different y axes are color coded
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Current density (mA cm -2)
35
35
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
1000
Voltage
Power density
800
600
400
200
Pow er (mW m-2)
Cell voltage (V)
Legend is used here, with large, clear letters
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Current density (mA cm -2)
36
36
Use a “screen capture” to obtain
graphs or pictures from other
documents
37
Screen capture from viewing a pdf file of a paper
by Fan et al (2008)
38
Use a motion path and multiple pictures to
convey your point
Fan et al. (2005) J. Power Sources
39
Before your presentation
• Check out the room you will present in before
your presentation (arrive early)
• View your slides on the computer to make
sure fonts and animation work correctly
• Determine microphone and pointer
availability (green pointers are needed on
some screens)
40
Starting your presentation
• If your name and presentation title have
just been given, don’t repeat them (unless
they are incorrect)
• If you are nervous, memorize your first two
sentences… after that, it gets easier!
• Adjust your explanation of material based
on previous presenters (if they just
explained how an MFC works, don’t spend
much time on it)
41
Speaking pointers
• Look at your audience
• Talk to the audience, not the projector
screen behind you.
• Use the laptop screen as your
“teleprompter” as it is in front of you.
• Consider using the mouse as a pointer
instead of a laser pointer so you don’t have
to turn around
42
When using a microphone
• Keep a constant distance to the podium
microphone
• If using a mobile microphone, don’t change
your voice direction relative to the location of
the microphone
• Put the microphone on the side that is closest
to the projector screen
43
Make the point of your slide
clear, so that the slide is
understood even if the audience
has trouble understanding your
accent
44
Power production in MFCs worldwide under
optimal conditions (only oxygen cathodes)
Power density (mW/m 2)
100000
10000
1000
100
10
1
0.1
Previous studies
Recent studies
Small anode
- Maximum estimated to
be 17 W/m2
- 6860 mW/m2 (Anode
1/14th the size of the cathode)
= 490 mW/m2
based on cathode size
-2700 mW/m2 (equally
sized electrodes)
0.01
0.001
The
text2008
on 2010
the right
1998 2000 2002 2004
2006
makes the
main points that we are trying
Year
to show in the graph
Logan (2008) Nature Microbiol.
45
Prediction: Reducing electrode spacing
increases power
Power= 700  1210 mW/m2 (4 cm 2 cm)
2
Power denisty (mW/m )
1400
Cathode
1200
4 cm-300
2 cm-300
2 cm-0
4 cm-0
1000
800
400
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Anode
4 cm
600
0.1
2 cm
0.7
Prediction verified:
power increased with
decreased electrode
spacing
Current density (mA/cm2)
Liu et al. (2005) Environ. Sci. Technol.
46
Organizing material on a slide
• Don’t put important information at the
bottom of a slide
– The bottom is typically the hardest part to see, especially
in a crowded room.
• - If you put something on a slide, discuss and
explain it.
– If it’s not worth discussing, it’s not worth putting on the
slide.
• Try to have one “idea” per slide.
When answering questions
• Don’t rush into an explanation… think for a
few moments. It is okay.
• If the questions may not be clear to others,
restate the question. This can also help you
to focus on the main points.
• Putting slide numbers on your slides helps
people to ask about specific slidess
48
Sometimes it is useful to vary spacing in a set of
bulleted items
• Lets use the previous slide as an example…
49
There is an “invisible” bullet
here that has a smaller font
size (12 pt), so this puts some
space between the lines
When answering questions
• Don’t rush into an explanation… think for a
few moments. It is okay.
• If the questions may not be clear to others,
restate the question. This can also help you
to focus on the main points.
• Putting slide numbers on your slides helps
people to ask about specific slides
50
Be sure to acknowledge colleagues and
funding sources
Use your last slide to provide contact information
(email address or websites)
51
Thanks to students and researchers
in the MxC team at Penn State!
Current research sponsors
KAUST (2008-2013); DOE-NREL (2008-2012); Air Products/DOE (20122015); DOD/SERDP (2012-2015); GCEP/Stanford (2012-2014)
52
Additional Information
Email: [email protected]
Logan webpage: www.engr.psu.edu/ce/enve/logan/
International MFC site: www.IS-MET.org
YouTube: YouTube/user/MFCTechnology
Twitter: MFCTechnology
MFC webcam: www.engr.psu.edu/mfccam
(live video of an MFC running a fan)
53