Transcript Non monitored earth energizer.

BASIC ELECTRIC FENCE COURSE
FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES ONLY
Please note:
This course does not qualify you to issue an:
Electric fence System
Certificate Of Compliance.
What is the purpose of an Electric Fence?
To keep unwanted people out.
and
Wanted animals in.
Energizers
Types of energizers.
1) Non monitored earth energizer. (If the earth wire is cut the energizer will not give an alarm)
Has only one earth connection on the energizer, Earth out.
Will have two live connections on the energizer, Live out & Live return.
2) Monitored earth energizer. (If the earth wire is cut the energizer will give an alarm)
Has two earth connections on the energizer, Earth out & Earth return.
Will have two live connections on the energizer, Live out & Live return.
(A monitored earth energizer can also be used as a non-monitored energizer by bridging the earth
out to the earth return).
Energizer
Why different size of energizers in terms of joules are used. EG: 2J, 4J, 5J, 8J, Etc.
Joules does not give you more voltage, it allows for greater distances.
The thickness and type of wire will also determine what distances can be obtained from a energizer.
Example
4J
5J
8J
Solid & Stranded (Braided) Galv.
1.1mm
2mm to 2.24mm
Opt. Max. Opt.
Max.
KM KM KM
KM
3
8
10
5
18
25
4
16
20
10
35
50
S/S 304 & 316
Alu.
1mm
1.2mm
2mm
1.6mm 2mm
Opt.
Max.
Opt. Max. Opt. Max. Opt. Max.
Live
Earth
RETURN
RETURN
KM
KM
KM
KM
KM KM
KM
KM
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.9
0.9
1
0.7
1
Earth
OUT
Live
OUT
0.8
1.1
1
1.3
2.1
2.4
3.3
3
3.3
3.9
8
32
40
16
60
80
NOTE: Maximum voltage for domestic purposes on the live wire according to law is 10’000 Volts.
HT cable must always be used to connect the energizer to the fence.
KM = Total length of LIVE wire. (Length of fence x quantity of LIVE wire only)
How to calculate what size energizer to use.
You take the length of the electric fence in meters, multiply that by the amount of live wire on the fence, that
will give the live wire distance in meters, divide that by 1000 and that gives you the distance in KM.
Now go to the chart and find the wire you are using and select the energizer that relates to the distance you
calculated.
EG: Your fence has a distance of 1900 meters with 3 live wires = 5700 meters divided by 1000 = 5,7 KM.
using 1.1mm braided wire, you would need a 5Joule energizer.
Resetable and non resetable ALARM feature.
Resetable means that when the energizer goes into an alarm,
the siren will go off for a pre-set time and then stop.
It will then reset the energizer automatically so that when there is another alarm,
the siren will go off again.
Keep in mind that the fence will always remain live.
The strobe, if connected will always carry on flashing until the energizer is manually reset.
Non resetable means that when the energizer goes into an alarm, the siren will go off for a pre-set time as above.
If the energizer is then not manually reset,
the siren will not go off again when there is another alarm, unlike above,
but the fence, as above will always remain live.
(The DTS Megashock5 energizer will continue to go ON & OFF according to the pre-set time until manually reset,
the auto reset is done on dipswitch number 3. OFF = Manual & ON = Auto reset)
The strobe, if connected will always carry on flashing until the energizer is manually reset as above.
Note:
The DTS Megashock5 energizer’s siren time output can be
set on dipswitch number 6.
OFF = 3 minutes.
ON = 8 minutes.
Non Monitored Earth
X = Approximately 1.2Meters
Knock in all Earth spikes at
least 1.2 meters deep.
Energizer
The first 3 x earth spikes must be as close to the
energizer as possible.
(Inline or in a triangle)
Knock in all Earth
spikes at least
1.2meters deep.
Earth spike
Ground level
Should be at least
1.2 meters deep
Earth
Live
IN
X
Live OUT
X
Monitored Earth
Qty of earth spikes are determined
by Length of fence and or poor soil.
X
Earth spike
Live OUT
Live IN
IN
Earth
Knock in all Earth spikes at
least 1.2 meters deep.
Earth OUT
X = Approximately 1.2Meters
Energizer
The first 3 x earth spikes must be as close to the energizer as
possible.
Plus one earth spike per every 30 meters of fence.
Ground level
Should be at least
1.2 meter deep
X
Fence wire in Parallel (Non monitored earth)
Fence 1
Fence 2
Knock in all Earth spikes at least
1.2m deep.
IN
Energizer
The first 3 earth spikes
must be as close to the
energizer as possible.
Ground level
Should be at least
1.2 meter deep
Live
Earth
Live OUT
Earth spike
Fence wired in Series (Looped) (Non monitored earth)
Fence 1
Fence 2
Energizer
The first 3 earth spikes must be as
close to the energizer as possible.
Earth spike
Ground level
Should be at least
1.2 meter deep
IN
Live
Earth
Live OUT
Knock in all Earth spikes at
least 1.2m deep.
How to fit Lightning arrestors (Without inductor)
Fence 1
Earth
Live IN
Live OUT
Lightning
arrestors
Energizer
5 loops of approximately 500mm in Diameter
NOTE: The Energizer and the Lightning arrestors
must be fitted at least 1500mm above ground.
How to fit Lightning arrestors (With inductor)
Fence 1
Earth
Live IN
Live OUT
Lightning
arrestors
Energizer
NOTE: The Energizer and the Lightning arrestors
must be fitted at least 1500mm above ground.
Connecting Lightning arrestors with inductor to a Electric Fence.
Energizer
Rest of E/F Earthing to
be done as per E/F law
specification.
Lighting arrestors
Live Out
Earth wire
Live Out
Live Return
Live Return
Fence
Live IN, Live OUT wire.
The wire from live OUT back to live IN must be one continuous wire with no break in the wire.
The wire must not make any contact or short to any other wires or conductive products.
The insulators (bobbins) must be of good quality, without any cracks that could lead to the live wire arching
to the insulator holder (poles).
Earth wire.
Non Monitored earth.
This is also a continuous wire from the earth OUT to the end of the fence.
This wire must not make contact with the live wire, but can make contact to other conductive products.
This wire should have sufficient earth spikes connected to avoid false alarms.
If there is a brake or cut on this wire it will NOT cause the energizer to go into alarm.
Monitored earth.
This is also a continuous wire from the earth OUT but will end at the earth IN on the energizer.
IN
Live OUT
This wire must not make contact with the live wire, but can make contact to other conductive products.
Live
Earth OUT
This wire should have sufficient earth spikes connected to avoid false alarms.
If there is a brake or cut in this wire it WILL cause the energizer to go into alarm.
Live OUT
Live IN
IN
Earth
Earth OUT
Energizer
Energizer
Earth Spikes
In both occasions, monitored and non monitored earth, the main (first) 3 earth spikes should be planted as
close to the energizer as possible.
Earth spike
All earth spikes should be at least 1.2 meter deep.
Should be at least
enough
deep
Not 1.2
deep
meter
For non monitored energizers, earth spikes should beGround
fitted at level
the beginning, middle, the end and every 30
meters of the fence.
For monitored energizers, earth spikes should be fitted
as waslevel
shown in the diagram,
Ground
or as per the next diagram.
HT cables must always be used to connect the fence earth wires to the earth spikes.
Never run any HT cable in the same conduit as 220Volt power.
Note: If an electric gate motor has been installed on the property and the electric fence runs close by it, it is
recommended that an earth spike is connected on the fence within 1 meter of the gate motor to avoid false
triggering of that motor.
Warning Signs
Qty ofsigns
earth must
spikesbe
are
Warning
a determined
minimum size of 200mm in width x 100mm in height.
by Length of fence and or poor soil.
It must be in
writing
on YELLOW back ground.
3 xBLACK
Close to
energizer
X
X
Must be fitted on every face of a fence.
End of
Must be fitted on every gate that is fitted with an electric fence.
fence
Must be fitted between 1.5 & 2 meters above ground level.
Situated
200mm from1.2
any
Corner, Bend, Straight length or any Access area.
X = Approximately
Meter
Live OUT
Live IN
IN
Earth OUT
Situated every 10 meters apart in urban area’s.
Must be situated in a visible position.
Earth
Situated every 100 meters apart in rural area’s.
Energizer
Middle of
fence
Poles
The following poles can be used.
Wall top
Flat bar, Straight or angle.
Round bar, Straight.
Square tube, Straight or angle.
The above poles can be obtained in the following:
White, Black or Galvanized.
5 line
6 line
8 line
or 10 line
Note: The height of the wall for wall top fencing should be at least 1.5 meters.
Y-Standard
If free standing Y-standard poles are used against an existing wall, then the gap between the wall and the
electric fence must by LAW be smaller than 200mm or greater 1 meter.
Wall
Electric Fence
Smaller than 200 mm
or Greater than 1 meter
Note: If the electric fence is connected to the existing fence, known as piggy back fence, then the distance
must be smaller than 200mm but not less than 100mm.
Tensioning of wires.
Tensioning distance should never exceed 30 meters on an electric fence.
Tensioning should always be done at all corners of an electric fence.
Tensioning should always be done at the end of an electric fence.
Distance should not exceed 30 meters.
Bobbins
Fence wire
6mm Ferrules
Tension Spring
Bobbins
Spring hook
Line Tensioner.
The following line tensioners can be used
(For braided wire only)
Various types of spring tensioners - Spring without limiter
- Spring with limiter
- Nemtek tensioner, spring nylon
- Nemtek tensioner, combo Hybrid
(For all other and or braided wire)
Nemtek tensioner, mini nylon Hybrid
Nemtek tensioner, Hybrid H/Duty
Mini donza
Donald tensioner
Note: Never use Stainless Steel wire with Galvanized tensioners. (The S/S wire will rust)
Stays.
Stays must be fitted on
Start and end of a fence.
Both ends of a corner.
Both ends of a gate.
Every 30 meters, both sides of the pole where spring tensioning takes place.
Wire
Tension pole
The following wire can be used.
30 meters
30 meters
Resistance in Ohm’s/1000m
175
100
Braided wire
1.1mm
1.6mm
M/kg
138
120
Stainless Steel
1.0mm
1.2mm
1.6mm
157
109
69
1000
700
390
Steel / Galv.
2.24mm
33
50
Aluminium
1.6mm
172
27
Note: The above values to each wire thickness are estimated values only.
Gate contacts
Various methods of connecting the electric fence to the gate.
1) Parallel methods.
Chain - Connecting a chain link from the main electric fence to the gate.
Single pole - Connecting one wire from the electric fence to one part of the gate contactor and one wire from
the gate to the other part of the gate contactor.
2) Series methods.
Double pole - Connecting two wires from the electric fence to the two points on the one part of the gate
contactor and two wires from the gate to the other part of the gate contactors two connections.
These connections from the fence and the gate should be in such a way that a loop is always
created.
From energizer
2 Pin inline - The connections for this gate contact is the same as for the Double pole gate contactor.
Back to energizer
If the
Ifgate
gate
isisopen,
closed,
Overhead power
line
clearances
continuity
continuity
is here
is there
If leads and electric fence wires are installed near an overhead power line, the clearances shall not be less
Than the following:
energizer
Clearance
Power line From
voltage
M
V
Back to energizer
1000
3
1000 but
33000
33000
4
8
Warning signs
1) The size of a warning must not be smaller than 200mm in width and 100mm in height,
and the lettering and symbols shall be in compliance with SANS 60335-2-76.
2) Must be black writing on yellow back ground.
3) The writing must in in one European and one African language.
4) Must be fitted at least - 1 per face, 1 per gate and 1 no more than 10/100 meters apart.
(10 meters in high density population areas & 100 meters in low density population areas).
5) No more than 2 meters from a corner & between 1.5 and 2 meters above ground level.
6) No more than 500 mm on either side of an access area on which an electric fence is erected.
7) Shall be placed in clearly visible positions. (EG: not behind a tree)
Basic things to know
The height of an existing wall for wall top fencing must be at least 1.5 meters high.
The same applies for a free standing Electric fence next to an existing wall.
Barbed and or Razor wire shall NOT be allowed to be electrified, by law.
The voltage at the end of your electric fence should not measure less than half of what you measure at the
beginning of your electric fence.
EG: 9000 volt at the beginning
then 4500 must be the least you should get at the end.
If the return voltage is less than half, your energizer is to small for that installation or
your energizer is faulty.
If your return voltage is higher than your input voltage you are getting inductive voltage from somewhere.
Preferable, never join a wire between poles.
Rather replace the wire from start to tension points.
Wall top electric fence
1.5 meters
1.5 meters
9000 volt
Free standing electric fence
At least 9500
3000
4500 volt
volt
ExistingExisting
wall
wall
Fitting a receiver to an Energizer
The There
DTS Megashock5
is two ways energizer
of connecting
is equipped
a receiver
with a connection to fit a DTS two channel receiver.
Two wires from PCB to key switch
With
this DTSonly
twothe
channel
receiver connected you can switch the energizer ON and OFF via the
1) Utilizing
Receiver
Magnetic
switch or
Receiver.
Receiver
Disconnect
thethe
wires
from the ON/OFF key switch.
Com
WhenConnect
activating
or de-activating
the energizer via the receiver, the energizers
siren (if connect) will buzz to
them
to the Receiver.
N/O
indicate
that the
is ON
or OFF.
ON/OFF key switch/
Connect
theenergizer
12 volt Aux.
output
to the Receiver.
Important: Ensure that the Receiver is in latch mode.
Magnetic switch
+
Energizer
The energizer can only be switch ON or OFF via the Receiver
as the key switch is now entirely eliminated.
Aux. 12 volt
output
+
2) Utilizing the Receiver in conjunction with the key switch
Cut one wire coming from the PCB to the key switch.
Two wires from PCB to key switch
Connect the open wires to the Receiver.
Connect the 12 volt Aux. output to the Receiver.
Important: Ensure that the Receiver is in latch mode.
Receiver
Com
N/O
If either the Receiver or the key switch is not active,
the energizer will be OFF.
ON/OFF key switch/
+
Magnetic switch
Energizer
Both the Receiver and the key switch must be ON for
the energizer to be ON.
+
Never bridge the negative and the common on the receiver when connecting to an energizer.
Aux. 12 volt
output
Connecting a gate close switch N/O to the PCB.
Fit part 1 of gate close switch N/O to the wall.
Fit part 2 to the gate.
Connect the gate close switch N/O to the energizers PCB.
Part 1
Part 2
One connection to CMN.
The other connection to GSW.
With
magnet
in it.
The gate alarm delay can be set on the DTS Megashock5
energizer on dipswitch number 4.
OFF = 1 minute.
ON = 3 minutes.
Basic calculation for equipment to be used on an Electric Fence
Poles - Distance of fence divided by 3 = quantity of poles required.
- Add 2 poles per gate.
- Add 1 pole per slope drop if drop is more than 90mm.
- Add 1 pole per corner.
Stays - 1 at start of fence.
- 1 at end of fence.
- 2 per corner.
- 2 per gate.
- 2 at every 30 meters were the fence should be tensioned off.
Stay lugs - 1 per stay.
Stay clamps - 1 per stay. (Only for round bar poles)
Nail in Anchors - 2 per Flat bar or Square tube pole.
- 1 per stay lug.
Ferrules - 2 per length of wire. (100/box)
- 1 per HT cable from energizer.
- 1 per HT cable per earth spike.
- Always add 10% to total figure calculated.
Spring hooks - 1 per length of wire + 10% spare.
Springs – 1 per length of wire + 10% spare.
Earth spikes - 6 + 1 per 30 meters of fence.
HT Cable - 4 or 5 x Distance from energizer to fence, approximately 2 meters per earth spike + 10%.
Line clamps - 10 per fence plus. (For safety if you forgot to put on ferrules)
Gate contacts - 1 per gate. (if and when required)
Siren - 1 per fence. (if and when required)
Strobe - 1 per fence. (if and when required)
Warning signs - At least - 1 per face, 1 per gate and 1 every 10/100 meters. (No more than 2meters from a
corner & between 1.5 and 2meters above ground level)
Wire - Length of fence x quantity of lines = Meters required.
- Meters divided by weight per meter = Kilograms required. (Minimum roll is 5 Kg)
Basic equipment required for a Domestic Electric Fence
Energizer.
Poles.
Wire.
Stays.
Stay lugs.
Stay clamps (for round bar poles).
Nail in Anchors.
Ferrules.
Line clamps.
Tensioning springs.
Spring hooks.
Earth spikes.
HT cable.
Gate contacts.
Siren.
Strobe.
Warning signs.
Optional equipment
Fence scope.
Fence light.
New rules that are applicable from approx. 1/12/2016 (Date to be confirmed)
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
Conduit pipes should not exceed 50mm in diameter.
Furthest point of fence shall mean, most distance from energizer.
Warning sign 2 meter from a bend being greater than 25 deg.
A barrier fence can be reduced to 1.2 meter if the barrier fence is 1.5 meter from the EF.
A energizer shall not exceed 8J in a high density populated area. (Domestic)
The earth of the lightning arrestors can be connected to the 3 earth spikes closest to the energizer.
All vegetation shall be cut back on both sides of a EF by 200mm.
There shall be no vegetation below a free standing EF.
a) Overhead communication lines (OCL) – An EF shall be installed at an angle of greater than 45 degrees.
b) If installed parallel, then the distance between OCL & highest live EF wire shall be 1 meter if the EF
is a maximum of 100 meters.
c) If the EF is greater than 100 meters, then the distance between must be 2.5 meters.
d) These distances must hold during hot or cold weather conditions.
10) A simulated wire cut and a fence short test shall be done on the furthest point before issuing a EF COC.
Adequate earthing
1) Disconnect the siren, connect a earth spike furthest point of energizer to a live wire, disconnect the 3rd
earth spike from the 3 earth spikes closest to the energizer. Take a voltage reading between the earth
connected to the live and a earth wire.
The reading should not exceed 2000Volt.
2) Also, take a voltage reading between disconnected 3rd earth spike & another earth spike.
The reading should not exceed 300Volt.
Fault finding
Always check the fuses first.
The second thing to do if the fuses are OK is to determine what is faulty, the energizer or the fence.
Switch OFF the energizer.
Remove the fence wires LIVE and EARTH from the energizer.
Bridge LIVE out with LIVE return.
Bridge EARTH out with EARTH return. (in the case of a monitored EARTH)
Now switch on the energizer again.
If the energizer is still not functional, the energizer is faulty, return to Supplier for repair or Warrantee claim.
If the energizer however is now functional, do the following steps. (Always switch OFF the energizer first)
Replace the EARTH wires, switch ON the energizer and check again.
Replace the LIVE wires, switch ON the energizer and check again.
If the energizer is not functional on replacement of the EARTH wires, the problem is with the EARTH.
In most cases the fence is then not sufficiently earthed or there is a break in the wire in a monitored earth fence.
If the energizer is not functional on replacement of the LIVE wires, the problem is with the LIVE wires.
There is either a break in the wire, or
the LIVE wire is shorting out on the EARTH wire.
Always also check the continuity on the HT cables from the energizer to the fence, LIVE and EARTH.
A Fence Scope is a useful tool to find faults on the fence.
Re-cap of legal issues.
1)
2)
3)
4)
Maximum voltage on electric fence.
Placement and size of warning signs.
Height of existing walls.
Space between electric fence and existing walls.
End of training presentation
Thank you for attending.