Transcript PPT - Global CyberBridges

Project GreenLight - DC
Modular Direct Current Datacenters for
Improved Energy Efficiency
Global CyberBridges 2009 Calit2 workshop
July 1st, 2009
Dr. Greg Hidley
California Institute for Telecommunications
and Information Technology, UCSD
IPCC Recommends 25-40% GHG Reduction
Below 1990 Levels by 2020
• On September 27, 2006, Governor Schwarzenegger signed
California the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006
– Assembly Bill 32 (AB32)
– Requires Reduction of GHG by 2020 to 1990 Levels
– 15% Reduction from 2008 Levels
– 4 Tons of CO2-equiv. for Every Person in California
• The European Union Requires Reduction of GHG by 2020 to
20% Below 1990 Levels (12/12/2008)
• Australia has Pledged to Cut by 2020 its GHG Emissions 5%
from 2000 Levels via the Cap &Trade Scheme (12/15/08)
• Neither the U.S. or Canada has an Official Target Yet
– President Elect Obama Has Endorsed the AB32 2020 Goal
– House Bill passed Friday targeting 17% below 2005 levels and
83% reductions by 2050
ICT is a Critical Element in Achieving Countries
Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Targets
Applications of ICT
could enable emissions reductions
of 7.8 Gt CO2e in 2020,
or 15% of business as usual emissions.
But it must keep its own growing footprint in check
and overcome a number of hurdles
if it expects to deliver on this potential.
www.smart2020.org
The Global ICT Carbon Footprint
Roughly the Same as the Aviation Industry Today
But ICT is Growing at 6% Annually!
www.smart2020.org
ICT Industry is Already Acting
to Reduce Carbon Footprint
Electricity Usage by U.S. Data Centers:
Emission Reductions are Underway
Source: Silicon Valley Leadership Group Report July 29, 2008
https://microsite.accenture.com/svlgreport/Documents/pdf/SVLG_Report.pdf
The NSF-Funded GreenLight Project
Giving Users Greener Compute and Storage Options
UCSD Structural
Engineering Dept.
Conducted Sun MD
Tests May 2007
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Measure and Control Energy Usage:
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Sun Has Shown up to 40% Reduction in Energy
Active Management of Disks, CPUs, etc.
Measures Temperature at 5 Levels in 8 Racks
Power Utilization in Each of the 8 Racks
Chilled Water Cooling Systems
$2M NSF-Funded
GreenLight Project
UCSD (Calit2 & SOM)
Bought Two Sun MDs
May 2008
Source: Tom DeFanti, Calit2; GreenLight PI
The GreenLight Project:
Instrumenting the Energy Cost of Computational Science
• Focus on 5 Communities with At-Scale Computing Needs:
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Metagenomics
Ocean Observing
Microscopy
Bioinformatics
Digital Media
• Measure, Monitor, & Web Publish
Real-Time Sensor Outputs
– Via Service-oriented Architectures
– Allow Researchers Anywhere To Study Computing Energy Cost
– Enable Scientists To Explore Tactics For Maximizing Work/Watt
• Develop Middleware that Automates Optimal Choice
of Compute/RAM Power Strategies for Desired Greenness
• Partnering With Minority-Serving Institutions
Cyberinfrastructure Empowerment Coalition
Source: Tom DeFanti, Calit2; GreenLight PI
Threat to CI Deployment—CSE Research Needed
on How to Deploy a Green CI
MRI
• Computer Architecture
– Rajesh Gupta/CSE
• Software Architecture
– Amin Vahdat, Ingolf Kruger/CSE
• CineGrid Exchange
– Tom DeFanti/Calit2
• Visualization
– Falko Kuster/Structural Engineering
• Power and Thermal
Management
– Tajana Rosing/CSE
• Analyzing Power
Consumption Data
– Jim Hollan/Cog Sci
• Direct DC Datacenters
http://greenlight.calit2.net
Source: Tom DeFanti, Calit2;
GreenLight PI
– Tom Defanti, Greg Hidley
GreenLight Project:
Putting Machines To Sleep Transparently
Rajesh Gupta, UCSD CSE; Calit2
Network
interface
Secondary
processor
Management
software
Network
interface
Low power domain
Peripheral
Main processor,
RAM, etc
IBM X60 Power Consumption
Somniloquy
Enables Servers
to Enter and Exit Sleep
While Maintaining
Their Network and
Application Level
Presence
Power Consumption (Watts)
Laptop
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16W
(4.1 Hrs)
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11.05W
(5.9 Hrs)
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8
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0.74W
(88 Hrs)
1.04W
(63 Hrs)
Sleep (S3)
Somniloquy
0
Baseline
(Low
10
Power)
Normal
Virtualization at Cluster Level for
Consolidation and Energy Efficiency
Source: Amin Vadhat, CSE, UCSD
Original Service
Usher
Virtualized Service
• Fault Isolation and Software
Heterogeneity, Need to
Provision for Peak Leads to:
– Severe Under-Utilization
– Inflexible Configuration
– High Energy Utilization
• Usher / DieCast enable:
– Consolidation onto
Smaller Footprint of
Physical Machines
– Factor of 10+ Reduction in
Machine Resources and
Energy Consumption
UCSD is Installing Zero Carbon Emission
Solar and Fuel Cell DC Electricity Generators
UCSD 2.8 Megawatt
San Diego’s Point Loma Wastewater
Treatment Plant Produces Waste Methane Fuel Cell Power Plant
Uses Methane
Available Late 2009
2 Megawatts of
Solar Power Cells
Being Installed
One-line Diagram of Power Distribution
Zero Carbon GreenLight Experiment:
Direct DC-Powered Modular Data Center
• Concept—Avoid DC to AC to DC Conversion Losses
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Computers Use DC Power Internally
DC Fuel Cell 2800kWatts
Solar and Fuel Cells Produce DC
Sun Box <200kWatt
Both Plug into the AC Power Grid
Can We Use DC Directly (With or Without the AC Grid)?
• DC Generation Can Be Intermittent
– Depends on Source
– Solar, Wind, Fuel Cell, Hydro
– Can Use Sensors to Shut Down or Sleep Computers
– Can Use Virtualization to Halt/Shift Jobs
• Experiment Planning Just Starting
– Collaboration with Sun and LBNL
– NSF GreenLight Year 2 and Year 3 Funds
Source: Tom DeFanti, Calit2; GreenLight PI
ARRA Funding Opportunity
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Recovery Act: Energy Efficient Information and Communication Technology
UCSD Proposal: Renewable, Bio-Fueled 400 VDC Modular Data Center
– PI Tom DeFanti, UCSD, Calit2
– CoPIs Rajesh Gupta, Tajana Rosing, Greg Hidley
– Partners
– NSF funded GreenLight investigators
– Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
– Sun Microsystems, Intel, Delta
– EPRI, Direct Power Technologies
– Coordination with UCSD Strategic Initiatives Office and Facilities Management
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Goals: At UCSD East Campus Utility Plant
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Establish renewable energy facility with Fuel Cell, Biomass generator, and PVs
Develop Smart Grid distribution of above DC sources providing 5 9’s reliability
Develop all DC Sun MD with DC powered computers and networking equipment
Develop novel cooling improvements using reduced loads and virtualization
Develop novel energy efficiency improvements using reduced loads and
virtualization
Energy Efficiency Improvements Anticipated
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We anticipate energy efficiency improvements as follows
– Reductions in all levels of energy chain from FC to servers using 400VDC
– Fuel Cell Inverter (DC to AC)
– DC-DC conversion losses (adjust to grid voltage)
– 480VAC distribution line losses
– 480VAC to 208VAC or 120VAC step down losses
– UPS (AC to DC to charge batteries and back to AC) conversion losses
– PDU’s (AC voltage stepped down to server requirements)
– Inside Power Supplies (rectification and transformation)
– Reduction in cooling loads given heat dissipation of conversions
– Anticipate reduction of power utilization by 25% or better (power and cooling)
– Anticipate DCiE of 80% or better, cooling efficiencies of 33% or better
– Data Center Infrastructure Efficiency (DCiE)
– DCiE = IT (useful work) power / total facility power
– Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE, the inverse of DCiE)
– PUE = total facility power / IT (useful work) power
– DCiE of 80% is the same as PUE of 1.25 … implies
– 200kw Sun MD would use 160kw for computers and 40kw
for cooling and power distribution losses
2.8MW FCE Fuel Cell Installation
Toward “Zero Carbon” ICT
Green Cloud Computing and Storage
• Purchasing Green Power Locally is Expensive with Significant
Transmission Line Losses
– Demand for Green Power Within Cities is Growing Dramatically
– ICT Facilities Don’t Need To Be Located In Cities
• But Most Renewable Energy Sites are Very Remote and
Impractical to Connect to Electrical Grid
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Can be Easily Reached by an Optical Network
Provide Independence from Electrical Utility
Savings in Transmission Line Losses (Up To 15% Alone)
Plus Carbon Offsets Can Pay for Moving ICT Facilities to
Renewable Energy Site
• Calit2 is Discussing Partnering with Canada
– Move a GreenLight Facility to Hydro Site in British Columbia,
– Link by 10Gbps Optical Fiber to Calit2—Offer to Remote Users
Source: Bill St. Arnaud, CANARIE, Canada
Coupling AARNet - CENIC/PW - CANARIE Optical Nets:
An Australian-U.S.-Canada Green Cloud Testbed
Toward Zero Carbon ICT
Application of ICT Can Lead to a 5-Fold Greater
Decrease in GHGs Than its Own Carbon Footprint
While the sector plans to significantly step up
the energy efficiency of its products and services,
ICT’s largest influence will be by enabling
energy efficiencies in other sectors, an opportunity
that could deliver carbon savings five times larger than
the total emissions from the entire ICT sector in 2020.
--Smart 2020 Report
Major Opportunities for the United States*
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Smart Electrical Grids
Smart Transportation Systems
Smart Buildings
Virtual Meetings
* Smart 2020 United States Report Addendum
www.smart2020.org
“It Will Be the Biggest Single Peacetime Project
Humankind Will Have Ever Undertaken”