Transcript The Can Crusher

The Can Crusher
Group 12
Stanley Andrews
Brandon Jefferson
Motivation
• Wanted to incorporate more electrical and software
design into the idea of the “Can Crusher”
• Use pneumatic cylinders (3 pneumatic cylinders in
this project)
• Thought it would be something different from
previous senior design projects
Objectives
• Step 1: Can or water bottle is placed into the trash can. Can/Water bottle enters
hopper and waits for it to be identified by the optical and reflective sensor.
• Step 2: Double acting cylinder pushes the object and sends it to the can crusher .
• Step 3: Sorter determines route of the object based on feedback from the sensors.
• Step 4: If object is a water bottle, it will be routed towards a push cylinder and
crushed
• Step 5: If the object is an aluminum can, it will be routed towards a push cylinder
and crushed
• Step 6: Push cylinder crushes the aluminum cans and water bottles and sends
remains to the storage bin
• Step 7: Process continues until storage sensor alerts operator that storage bin is
90% filled.
• Step 8: Once storage reaches 90%. Can crusher goes into “Stop” mode. Items from
storage bin, can then be removed.
Features
• Fully automatic Can Crusher and Sorter
• Detect when an object is placed in the hopper
• Be able to distinguish between an aluminum can and a water
bottle
• Sort the water bottle into a separate storage bin from the
aluminum cans
• Detect when the storage bins are 90% full
• Will have three different modes “Standby”, “Operational
(Go)”, “Stop”
Hopper
Full view of the Hopper
Inside the Hopper
Hopper
• Where the bottle and cans will be placed
• Be able to hold 8 FL oz. water bottle and
12oz. aluminum cans
• Two sensors are mounted to detect the
object inside the hopper
Sensors
• Parallax Ultrasonic Sensor
• Reflective Optical Sensor
Parallax Ultrasonic Sensor
• Part a) Sensor is sending a
ultrasonic pulse but object is
outside of operating distance
• Part b) Sensor facing object at a
angle. Pulse is reflected at another
angle
• Part c) Sensor is facing object on
level plane but object is too small.
Will not reflect transmitted signal
Parallax Ultrasonic Sensor
PING Ultrasonic Sensor
Detector Type
Ultrasonic
Dimensions
16 x 46 x 22(mm)
Peaking
Operating
distance
2(cm)-3 (m)
Supply Current
30 mA
Voltage
5V
Reflective Optical Sensor
Banner SM2A312LV
TCRT5000 Reflective Optical
Sensor
Detector Type
Retro-reflective
Detector type
Phototransistor
Dimensions
66 x 12.2 x 30.7
(mm)
Dimensions
10.2 x 5.8 x
7(mm)
Peak operating
distance
50mm – 2m
Peak operating
distance
2.5 mm
Output current
Minimum of 5 mA
Output current
1 mA
Voltage
24- 240 V AC
Emitter
Wavelength
950 nm
Voltage
5V
Reflective Optical Sensor
• Get the best results (peak
operating distance) at 2.5 mm
• One of the challenges will be to
get it close enough to the object
stored in the “hopper”
Aluminum Cans/ Water bottles
Terms of Service
• We ask that all contents are empty
• All objects must be placed horizontally in the hopper
• By default system will be in “standby mode”, once an
object is placed inside, the system will go into
operational mode
• If storage bin is full no objects will be crushed.
Design Overview
Hopper
Hopper
Sensors
Sensors
Pneumatic
cylinder
Can
Crusher
Sorter
Storage bin
Pneumatic
cylinder
Can
Crusher
Sorter
Storage bin
• The idea is called
the “Swinging lid”
• Uses a pneumatic
cylinder to be able
to “swing” the lid
and alter the
objects path
• Routes Aluminum
Cans to proper bin
• Routes Water
bottles to proper
bin
Sorter
Motors/ Air Compressor
Electric motors
Air Compressor
Pros
• Uses Standard Outlet
• Option to convert AC to DC
• Very Compact and small to
maneuver and place anywhere
Cons
• Most motors only have one speed
• No way to speed up or slow down
the project
• Very Expenses for high power
motors
Pros
• Uses a Standard Outlet
• Able to adjust the air pressure
• Ability to control the speed of the motor
by the PSI
• Option to convert AC to DC
• Not to expensive economy for the budget
• Can use air solenoid valves that can
control of a multiple operated air pressure
components
Cons
• Tank will have to be refilled when low on
air
• Will need multiple air hoses
• Very big hard and to hide and maneuver
• Very loud when filling up the tank
Air Compressor
Horsepower (HP)
0.33 HP
Tank Capacity (Gallons) 2.0 Gal
Tank Type
Portable
Voltage
120 V
Amps (Amps)
2.0 A
Price
$99.99
Air Compressor
DeWalt
Horsepower (HP)
1.6 HP
Tank Capacity
(Gallons)
4.5 gal
Tank Type
Portable
Voltage
120 V
Amps (Amps)
15.0 A
Max Pressure
200 PSI
Price
Free
Pneumatic cylinders
• Two Mini cylinder
• Double Acting Cylinder (can crusher)
Cylinders
Can Crusher
Kick-Door
Sorter
Kevinkrusher 11.0
KevinKrusher II.0
Chamber Length
PSI
Cylinder Type
Mounted
Price
6 1/2" minimum
60 -120
Double action
Vertical or
Horizontal
$157.00
Can Crusher
• Double Action Stroke Pneumatic
Cylinder
• Max Pressure: 1.0 Mpa
• Diameter: 8.5mm (Approx.)
• Thread Rod Diameter: 9mm
(Approx.)
• Size: 4.5 x 4.5 x 32cm
• Price $38.98
Mini Cylinder
•
•
•
•
•
•
Double Action
Max Pressure: 1.0 Mpa
Diameter: 1- 1/16”
Cylinder Type: Stainless Steel
Rod Thread Length : 0.50 inches
Price: $37.50 (each)
Air Solenoid
Type:
2 Position 5 way
Voltage:
12V DC
Power
2.5W
Current
.208 Amps
Valve Fittings:
1/8" BSPT
(British standard
pipe tapered)
Total Needed
3
Price
$ 11.39 (each)
Micro Controller
ATMega 328p
Operating Voltage
5V
Input Voltage
(recommended)
7-12 V
Input Voltage
(limits)
6-20 V
Digital I/O Pins
14
Analog Input Pins
6
DC Current per I/O
40 mA
DC Current for 3.3V 50 mA
Pin
Flash Memory
32 KB
Clock Speed
16
• Solenoids connected to
3 digital pins ( 8, 9, 10
• Ultrasonic Sensor &
TCRT5000 connected
to 4 analog pins (A0,
A2, A3, A4)
• LEDS connected to 3
digital pins (5-7)
Software code
•
•
•
•
Hopper (object detection)
TCRT5000
Ultrasonic Sensor
Loop
Automatic Can Crusher Schematic
Printed Circuit Board
Storage Bins
• Two storage bins
• Aluminum Can and Water Bottle
• Each bin will have Parallax
Ultrasonic sensor
• Once storage reaches 90%. Can
crusher goes into “Stop” mode
Enclosure
Trash Can
Cabinet
LEDs
Yellow
Green
• Standby Mode
• Default
• Operational mode
Red
• Stop Mode
LED Schematic
Power Supply
Transformer
AC/DC
120 AC
• Fuse
• Switch (On/Off)
Bridge Rectifier
+- 12V regulator
• +-5V regulator
12 V DC
5 V DC
• Air Solenoid (3)
• Microcontroller
• LEDs
• Sensors
Automatic Can Crusher Schematic
Work Distribution
Stanley Andrews
Brandon Jefferson
Sensors
Solenoids/ Cylinders
Printed Circuit Board
Power Supply
Microcontroller
Printed Circuit Board
Software Implementation
Software
Implementation
Budget
Nomenclature
Cost (each)
Number
Total Cost
Optical Sensor
$29.99
3
95.35
TCRT5000 Reflective
Sensor
$1.00
10
$10.00
Double Acting
Cylinder
$37.50
2
$38.46
Mini Cylinder
$16.47
1
$21.61
Air Solenoid
$11.39
4
$57.54
Air Valve Fittings
$1.48
14
$26.63
Air Valve Mufflers
$1.19
8
$15.05
$1.99-$3.50
5
$20.00
$12
1
$14.78
Air Compressor
$99.99
1
Free
PCB
$65.00
1
$65.00
Air Regulator
$19.99
1
21.18
Transfomer
$30.00
1
$30.00
LEDs
Development Board
Miscellaneous
Total Cost
$140.00
$1040
$554.42
Progression
Research
Design
Prototype
Testing
Overall
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Issues
• TCRT5000
• Software Design
• Water bottles
• Ultrasonic Sensor
• Ambient light affecting the
read out of the TCRT5000
• Manipulating the
microcontroller to
distinguish between a water
bottle and aluminum can
• Water bottles not crushing
• Placement of how the
object falls into the hopper
affected if it was detected
or not
Questions