Transcript Safety_Requirements

318-595 Safety
Product Safety
• Protection Against Known Hazards
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Electric Shock
High or Low Temperatures
EMI/EMC
Sharp Edges, Pinch Points, Rotating, Shearing, other
Explosion, Shattering and other failure modes
Chemicals and Substances such as Lead, Mercury, Cadmium, etc
Radiation Energy
Acoustical Energy
Optical Energy
Child Safety, Swallowing, Cords, etc
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Product Safety
• Protection Against Unsafe Failure Modes, Operations
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Current Limiting and Fast Switching
Voltage Limiting and Clamping
Reverse Voltage Clamping
Grounding or Low Potential of all touchable conducting surfaces
Ground Fault Current Detection
Watchdog Timing and Reset
Input Power Filtration and dI/dT limiting
Insulation of High Voltages
Unique external Connectors
Max Power Limiting
Fault Indications and Operator Warnings
Thermal Sensing
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Test Labs
• Test Products to key Safety Standards and authorize a product
to be marked with test lab label as well as key standard label
• Labs may need to be certified as part of standards process
• Some Test Labs also propose and harmonize Safety
Standards (UL, CSA, etc)
• Labs Often have their own label or marking that a product
shall bear to indicate passing this test labs regime
• Examples:
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UL: Underwriters Labs www.ul.com
CSA: Canadian Standards Association www.csa.ca
NRTLs: Nationally Recognized Testing Labs (OSHA)
Intertek (ETL) http://www.intertek-etlsemko.com/
TUV http://www.tuv.com/en/index.php
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Standards Bodies & Government Agencies
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Create, Harmonize and Adopt Safety Standards – Do NOT Test
Some are sanctioned by Governments
May be Industry or Product Segment Specific
Standards may govern constructions, materials, testing and
applications of components and products
• Examples of Stds Bodies:
– ANSI: American National Standards Institute http://www.ansi.org/
– CENELEC: European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
http://www.cenelec.org/Cenelec/Homepage.htm
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IEC: International Electrotechnical Commission http://www.iec.ch/
EIA: Electronic Industries Alliance http://www.eia.org/
NEMA: National Electric Manufacturers Association http://www.nema.org/
ETSI: European Telecommunications Standards Institute http://www.etsi.org/
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Government Agencies
• Create and Adopt Safety Standards – Do NOT Test
• US Government Agencies Fall Under Specific Departments
• Standards may govern constructions, materials, testing and
applications of components and products
• USA Examples: http://www.firstgov.gov/Agencies/Federal/All_Agencies/index.shtml
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FDA: USA-Food and Drug Administration (DO-HHS) http://www.fda.gov/
FAA: USA-Federal Aviation Adminstration (DO-Transportation) http://www.faa.gov/
OSHA: USA-Occupational & Health Administration (DO-Labor) http://www.osha.gov/
NIST: USA-National Inst of Standards & Tech (DO-Commerce) http://www.nist.gov/
NEST: USA-Nuclear Energy Science & Technology (DO-Energy)
http://www.doe.gov/engine/content.do?BT_CODE=OF_PONEST
 FCC: USA-Federal Communications Comm – Congressional http://www.fcc.gov/
 CSPC: USA-Fed Consumer Product Safety Comm – Congressional http://www.cpsc.gov/
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Government Agencies may act as Standards Bodies
• Global Examples:
 SCC: Standards Council of Canada
http://www.scc.ca/
 CEN: Comm on European (EU) Normalization
http://www.cenorm.be/cenorm/index.htm
 SAC: Standard Administration of China
http://www.sac.gov.cn/english/home.asp
 JSA: Japanese Standards Association http://www.jsa.or.jp/default_english.asp
 BIS: Bureau of Indian Standards http://www.bis.org.in/index_home.htm
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A brief Tutorial on the
Organization of US Government
Departments
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US Executive Branch Cabinet
Cabinet Level Departments
Headed by Secretary’s
Of Special Interest
• Vice President
• Agriculture
• Commerce
• Defense
• Education
• Energy
• Health and Human Services
• Homeland Security
• Housing and Urban Development
• Interior
• Labor
• State
• Transportation
• Treasury
• Veterans Affairs
• Justice, Attorney General
• Administrator, Environmental Protection Agency
• Director, Office of Management and Budget
• Director, National Drug Control Policy
• U.S. Trade Representative.
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Dept of Commerce
US Department of Commerce Organization
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US Department of Homeland Security Organization
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US Department of Health & Human Services Organization
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US Department of Energy Organization
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How the DoD is organized
National
• President
Command
• Secretary of Defense
Authority
Office of the Secretary of Defense
Military Departments
Chairman of the JCS
• Plan &
• Train & equip
coordinate
Unified Commands
• Conduct operations
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Comparison of US Corp
Company
Budget/
Revenue*
Employees*
US DoD
$371 billion
2,036,000
Wal-Mart
227 billion
1,383,000
ExxonMobil
200 billion
97,900
GM
181 billion
365,000
Ford
160 billion
354,400
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Safety
Chairman of the JCS
Office of the Secretary of Defense
Military Departments
Unified Commands
Secretary of Defense
Deputy Secretary of Defense
Chairman, JCS
Vice Chairman, JCS
Chief of Staff, Army
Commandant, Marine Corps
Chief of Naval Operations
Chief of Staff, Air Force
Director,
Joint Staff
J-1
Manpower and
Personnel
J-2
Intelligence
(DIA)
J-3
Operations
J-4
Logistics
J-5
Strategic
Plans & Policy
J-6
Command,Control
Communications
Computers
J-7
Operational Plans
& Interoperability
J-8
Force Structure,
Resources &
Assessment
Office of the Chairman, JCS
Office of the Secretary of Defense
318-595 Safety Unified Commands
Military Departments
Chairman of the JCS
Secretary of Defense
Deputy Secretary of Defense
Northern
Command
European
Command
Transportation
Command
Central
Command
Special
Operations
Command
Southern
Command
Strategic
Command
• Direct link to President & Secretary of Defense
• 5 Commanders have geographic responsibility
• 4 Commanders have worldwide responsibility
Pacific
Command
Joint Forces
Command
Office of the Secretary of Defense
Military Departments
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Chairman of the JCS
Unified Commands
Department of Defense
Military Departments
U.S. Army
U.S. Air Force
U.S. Navy
Department of
Transportation
U.S. Marine
Corps
Main Branches Formulate MIL-STDs
U.S. Coast
Guard
Office of the Secretary of Defense
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Chairman of the JCS
Military Departments
Unified Commands
Department of Defense
Military Departments
U.S. Army
U.S. Air Force
U.S. Navy
Department of
Transportation
U.S. Marine
Corps
A few Key MIL-STDs
• MIL-STD-883 Test Method for Microcircuits
• MIL-STD-750 Test Method for Semiconductor Devices
• MIL-PRF-38534 Perf Spec for Hybrid Microelectronic Devices
• MIL-PRF-38535 Perf Spec for Integrated Circuit Mfg
• MIL-HDBK-344 Environmental Stress Screening of Elec Equipment
• MIL-HDBK-1547 Elec Parts, Materials & Processes for Space Launch Vehicles
• MIL-HDBK-2036 Preparation of Electronic Equipment Specifications
• MIL-PRF-31032 Perf Spec for Printed Wiring Boards
• MIL-STD-202 Test Method Standard for Elec & Electronic Components
U.S. Coast
Guard
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Some details on Standards, Test
Labs & Standards Bodies
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Standards, Test Labs and Agencies
• National Electrical Code - Standard
– Originally developed in 1897 by the NFPA
– Revised every 3 years, Currently 9 chapters, >700 pages
– Controls methods, systems and materials used in electrical
wiring, and building power distributions
– USA Specific but referenced outside US
– Also See www.mikeholt.com
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Standards, Test Labs and Agencies
• Underwriters Labs – Test Lab
(www.ul.com)
– Originally developed in 1894
– Mission is to certify the safety of industrial, commercial and
consumer products.
– Government Independent, Non-for-profit organization
– 5 Locations including, Northbrook IL (HQ), Research Triangle NC,
Melville NY, Santa Clara CA, Camas WA
– Certifications of products, Certifications of Companies
– Cross agreement with CSA
– Product Certifications
C
• Listed: Ready to use complete products
• Recognized: Certified as a component for use in other products
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Example:
UL60950
Safety of Information Technology Equipment
This standard is applicable to mains-powered or battery-powered information technology
equipment, including electrical business equipment and associated equipment, with a
RATED VOLTAGE not exceeding 600 V and designed to be installed in accordance with
the
Canadian Electrical Code, Part I, CSA C22.1; CSA C22.2 No. 0
National Electrical Code, NFPA 70
The standard is also applicable to equipment, unless otherwise identified by a marking or
instructions, designed to be installed in accordance with
Article 645 of the National Electrical Code, NFPA 70
Standard for the Protection of Electronic Computer Data-Processing
Equipment, NFPA 75
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Standards, Test Labs and Agencies
UL60950
Safety of Information
Technology Equipment
Covers this type of
equipment and more
accounting machines
motor operated files
bookkeeping machines
PABX's
calculators
paper jogging machines
cash registers
paper trimmers (punchers
cutting
machines,separators)
copying machines
data circuit
terminatingequipment
personal computers
data processing equipment
plotters
data terminal equipment
point of sale terminals
includingassociated
electronic scales
dictation equipment
postage machines
document shredding machines
public information terminals
duplicators
staplers
electrically operated
drawingmachines
telephone answering
machines
erasers
telephone sets
facsimile equipment
text processing equipment
key telephone systems
typewriters
magnetic tape handlers
visual display units
mail processing machines
micrographic office equipment
modems
monetary processing machines
including automated teller (cash
dispensing) machines
photoprinting equipment
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Example:
UL6500
Audio/Video and Musical Instrument Apparatus for
Household, Commercial, and Similar General Use
1.1 Scope
1.1.1 This International Standard applies to electronic apparatus designed to be fed from the MAINS or from a SUPPLY APPARATUS and intended for reception,
generation, recording or reproduction respectively of audio, video and associated signals. It also applies to apparatus designed to be used exclusively in combination with
the above mentioned apparatus. This standard concerns only safety aspects of the above apparatus; it does not concern other matters, such as style or performance.
- receiving apparatus and amplifiers for sound and/or vision;
- independent LOAD TRANSDUCERS and SOURCE TRANSDUCERS;
- SUPPLY APPARATUS intended to supply other apparatus covered by the scope of this standard;
- ELECTRONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, and electronic accessories such as rhythm generators, tone generators, music tuners and the like for use with electronic or non-electronic musical instruments;
- audio and/or video educational apparatus;
- video projectors;
- video cameras and video monitors;
- household video games and flipper games;
NOTE 2 - Video and flipper games for commercial use are covered by IEC 60335-2-82 [7] UL 22Figures in square brackets refer to the bibliography given in annex p.
- juke boxes;
- household electronic gaming and scoring machines;
NOTE 3 - Electronic gaming and scoring machines for commercial use are covered by IEC 60335-2-82 [7] UL 22
- teletext equipment;
- record and optical disc players;
- tape and optical disc recorders;
- antenna signal converters and amplifiers;
- satellite receiver antenna positioners;
- Citizen's Band apparatus;
- apparatus for IMAGERY;
- light effect apparatus;
- intercommunication apparatus, using low voltage MAINS as the transmission medium.
- video apparatus intended for entertainment purposes in health-care facilities;
- cellular phones, wireless modems, and similar transceiving devices;
- audio or video apparatus that are used with a battery supply.
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A few UL Standards
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UL 60745-1
UL 60730-1A
UL 60601-1
UL 60335-1
UL 60065
UL 2388
UL 2251
UL 2231-1
UL 2202
UL 2111
UL 2054
UL 1998
UL 1989
UL 1981
UL 1977
UL 1876
UL 1778
UL 1741
UL 1740
UL 1703
UL 1664
UL 1642
UL 1641
UL 1637
UL 1577
UL 1559
UL 1492
UL 1459
UL 1449
UL 1433
Hand-Held Motor-Operated Electric Tools - Safety - Part 1: General Requirements
Automatic Electrical Controls for Household and Similar Use, Part 1: General Requirements
Medical Electrical Equipment, Part 1: General Requirements for Safety
Safety of Household and Similar Electrical Appliances, Part 1: General Requirements
Audio, Video and Similar Electronic Apparatus - Safety Requirements
Flexible Lighting Products
Plugs, Receptacles and Couplers for Electric Vehicles
Personnel Protection Systems for Electric Vehicle (EV) Supply Circuits: General Reqs
Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging System Equipment
Overheating Protection for Motors
Household and Commercial Batteries
Software in Programmable Components
Safety Standard for Standby Batteries
Central-Station Automation Systems
Component Connectors for Use in Data, Signal, Control and Power Applications
Isolating Signal and Feedback Transformers for Use in Electronic Equipment
Uninterruptible Power Systems
Inverters, Converters, and Controllers for Use in Independent Power Systems
Safety Standard for Robots and Robotic Equipment
Flat-Plate Photovoltaic Modules and Panels
Safety Standard for Immersion Detection Circuit Interrupters
Lithium Batteries
Installation and Classification of Residential Burglar Alarm Systems
Safety Standard for Home Health Care Signaling Equipment
Standard for Safety of Optical Isolators
Insect-Control Equipment - Electrocution Type
Audio-Video Products and Accessories
Safety Standard for Telephone Equipment
Transient Voltage Surge Suppressors
Control Centers for Changing Message Type Electric Signs
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A few more UL Standards
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UL 1434
UL 1419
UL 1416
UL 1412
UL 1411
UL 1283
UL 1244
UL 1236
UL 1196
UL 1082
UL 1077
UL 1066
UL 1053
UL 1047
UL 1034
UL 1023
UL 1020
UL 1018
UL 1010
Thermistor-Type Devices
Professional Video and Audio Equipment
Overcurrent and Overtemperature Protectors for Radio- and Television- Type Appliances
Fusing Resistors and Temperature-Limited Resistors for Radio- and TV- Type Appliances
Transformers and Motor Transformers for Use in Audio-, Radio-, and TV-Type Appliances
Electromagnetic Interference Filters
Electrical and Electronic Measuring and Testing Equipment
Battery Chargers for Charging Engine-Starter Batteries
Standard for Safety for Floating Waterlights
Household Electric Coffee Makers and Brewing-Type Appliances
Supplementary Protectors for Use in Electrical Equipment
Safety Standard for Low Voltage AC and DC Power Circuit Breakers used in Enclosures
Standard for Safety for Ground-Fault Sensing and Relaying Equipment
Isolated Power Systems Equipment
Burglary-Resistant Electric Locking Mechanisms
Household Burglar-Alarm System Units
Thermal Cutoffs for Use in Electrical Appliances and Components
Electric Aquarium Equipment
Receptacle-Plug Combinations for Use in Hazardous (Classified) Locations
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Standards, Labs and Agencies
• CSA International - Test Lab
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See www.csa.ca
Established in 1919 in Toronto, Canada
Similar to UL, Independent, but growing Internationally
Controls materials, processes, products, companies
Cross certification agreements with UL
Does NOT differentiate between products & components
Local offices in Canada, US and Asia
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IEC – International Electrotechnical Commission
www.iec.ch
IEC Mission
• The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and
publishes international standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies. These serve as a basis
for national (government) standardization and as references when drafting international tenders and contracts.
• Through its members, the IEC promotes international cooperation on all questions of electrotechnical
standardization and related matters, such as the assessment of conformity to standards, in the fields of
electricity, electronics and related technologies.
• The IEC charter embraces all electrotechnologies including electronics, magnetics and electromagnetics,
electroacoustics, multimedia, telecommunication, and energy production and distribution, as well as associated
general disciplines such as terminology and symbols, electromagnetic compatibility, measurement and
performance, dependability, design and development, safety and the environment.
The Commission's objectives are to:
• Meet the requirements of the global market efficiently
• Ensure primacy and maximum world-wide use of its standards and conformity assessment
schemes
• Assess and improve the quality of products and services covered by its standards
• Establish the conditions for the interoperability of complex systems
• Increase the efficiency of industrial processes
• Contribute to the improvement of human health and safety
• Contribute to the protection of the environment.
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Safety
IEC – International Electrotechnical Commission
Standards Areas
•GENERALITIES. TERMINOLOGY. STANDARDIZATION. DOCUMENTATION.
•SOCIOLOGY. SERVICES. COMPANY ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT. ADMINISTRATION. TRANSPORT
•MATHEMATICS. NATURAL SCIENCES
•HEALTH CARE TECHNOLOGY
•ENVIRONMENT. HEALTH PROTECTION. SAFETY
•METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENT. PHYSICAL PHENOMENA
•TESTING
•MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS FOR GENERAL USE
•FLUID SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS FOR GENERAL USE
•MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING
•ENERGY AND HEAT TRANSFER ENGINEERING
•ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
•ELECTRONICS
•TELECOMMUNICATIONS. AUDIO AND VIDEO ENGINEERING
•INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY. OFFICE MACHINES
•IMAGE TECHNOLOGY
•PRECISION MECHANICS. JEWELLERY
•ROAD VEHICLE ENGINEERING
•RAILWAY ENGINEERING
•SHIPBUILDING AND MARINE STRUCTURES
•AIRCRAFT AND SPACE VEHICLE ENGINEERING
•MATERIALS HANDLING EQUIPMENT
•PACKAGING AND DISTRIBUTION OF GOODS
•TEXTILE AND LEATHER TECHNOLOGY
•CLOTHING INDUSTRY
•AGRICULTURE
•FOOD TECHNOLOGY
•CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY
•MINING AND MINERALS
•PETROLEUM AND RELATED TECHNOLOGIES
•METALLURGY
•WOOD TECHNOLOGY
•GLASS AND CERAMICS INDUSTRIES
•RUBBER AND PLASTICS INDUSTRIES
•PAPER TECHNOLOGY
•PAINT AND COLOUR INDUSTRIES
•CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND BUILDING
•CIVIL ENGINEERING
•MILITARY ENGINEERING
•DOMESTIC AND COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT. ENTERTAINMENT. SPORTS.
•(No title)
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IEC – International Electrotechnical Commission
Example of Standards Area
3316010 Amplifiers (part of Telecom, Audio & Video area)
33.160.10
IEC 60268-3 (2000-08)
Sound system equipment - Part 3: Amplifiers
33.160.10
IEC 60268-3 (2000-08)
Versión Oficial en Español - Equipos para sistemas electroacústicos. Parte 3: Amplificadores.
33.160.10
IEC 60268-8 (1973-01)
Sound system equipment. Part 8: Automatic gain control devices
33.160.10
IEC/TR 61292-1 (1998-01)
Fibre optics - Parameters of amplifier components
33.160.10
IEC/TR 61292-2 (2003-01)
Optical amplifier technical reports - Part 2: Theoretical background for noise figure evaluation using the electrical spectrum analyzer
33.160.10
IEC/TR 61292-3 (2003-06)
Optical amplifiers - Part 3: Classification, characteristics and applications
33.160.10
IEC/TR 61292-4 (2004-08)
Optical amplifiers - Part 4: Maximum permissible optical power for the damage-free and safe use of optical amplifiers, including Raman amplifiers
33.160.10
IEC/TR 61292-5 (2004-07)
Optical amplifiers - Part 5: Polarization mode dispersion parameter - General information
33.160.10
IEC 61305-3 (1995-05)
Household high-fidelity audio equipment and systems - Methods of measuring and specifying the performance - Part 3: Amplifiers
33.160.10
IEC 61305-3 (1995-05)
VERSION OFICIAL EN ESPANOL - Sistemas y equipos domésticos de sonido de alta fidelidad. Métodos de medir y especificar las características de
funcionamiento. Parte 3: Amplificadores.
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What is the “CE” Mark?
CE Marking is the symbol CE as shown on the top of this page. The letters "CE" are the abbreviation of French phrase
"Conformité Européene" which literaturely means "European Conformity". The term initially used was "EC Mark" and it
was officially replaced by "CE Marking" in the Directive 93/68/EEC in 1993. "CE Marking" is now used in all EU official
documents. "CE Mark" is also in use, but it is NOT the official term.
1.CE Marking on a product is a manufacturer's declaration that the product complies with the essential requirements of the relevant
European health, safety and environmental protection legislations, in practice by many of the so-called Product
Directives
“Product Directives” contains the "essential requirements" and/or "performance levels" and
"Harmonized Standards" to which the products must conform.
Harmonized Standards are the technical specifications (European Standards or Harmonization
Documents) which are established by several European standards agencies (CEN, CENELEC, etc).
CEN stands for European Committee for Standardization.
CENELEC stands for European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization.
1.CE Marking on a product indicates to governmental officials that the product may be legally placed on the market in their
country.
2.CE Marking on a product ensures the free movement of the product within the EFTA & European Union (EU) single
market (total 28 countries), and
3.CE Marking on a product permits the withdrawal of the non-conforming products by customs and enforcement/vigilance
authorities.
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CE
• CE Approval (Certificate Europe)
– 15 countries in original EU (European Union) established harmonized
standards
– EC (European Committee) is the body driving establishment of
standards for any product sold in or entering into the EU.
– Members may add additional more stringent standards but may not
contradict existing EC approved standards
– Some of the EC Directives:
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88/106/EEC: Safety of Toys
89/106/EEC: Construction of Products
89/336/EEC, 92/31/EC: EMC
89/392/EEC, 91/368/EC, 3/44/EEC: Machinery
89/686/EEC, 93/95/EEC: Personal Protective Equipment
91/263/EEC, 93/97/EEC, 98/13/EEC: Telecommunications
93/42/EEC: Medical Devices
72/23/EEC: Low Voltage Products
95/94/EEC: Automotive Products
96/57/EC: Energy Efficiency for consumer refridgeration systems
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ISO – International Organization for Standardization
Standards Body
www.iso.org
• ISO is a network of the national standards institutes of
148 countries, on the basis of one member per country.
• Central Secretariat in Geneva, Switzerland, that
coordinates the system
• ISO is a non-governmental organization
• ISO occupies a special position between the public and
private sectors
• Many of its member institutes are part of the
governmental structure of their countries, or are mandated
by their government.
• Other members have their roots uniquely in the private
sector, having been set up by national partnerships of
industry associations.
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ISO – International Organization for Standardization
ISO 9000 Quality
The ISO 9000 Family of Standards via ISO web site
:
http://www.iso.ch/iso/en/iso9000-14000/iso9000/selection_use/iso9000family.html
ISO: 9000:2000, Quality management systems - Fundamentals and vocabulary
9001:2000, Quality management systems - Requirements (replaces 1994 versions of
9001, 9002 & 9003)
9004:2000, Quality management systems - Guidelines for performance improvements
10005:1995, Quality management - Guidelines for quality plans
10006:1997, Quality management - Guidelines to quality in project management
10007:1995, Quality management - Guidelines for configuration management
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• The ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 families are among ISO's most widely
known standards ever.
• ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 standards are implemented by some
610,000 organizations (companies & corporations) in 160 countries.
• The ISO 9000 family is primarily concerned with "quality
management“
• This means what the organization does to fulfill:
- the customer's quality requirements, and
- applicable regulatory requirements, while aiming to
- enhance customer satisfaction, and
- achieve continual improvement of its performance in pursuit of these
objectives.
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• The ISO 14000 family is primarily concerned with "environmental
management".
• This means what the organization does to:
- minimize harmful effects on the environment caused by its activities,
and to
- achieve continual improvement of its environmental performance.
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Safety Aspects
Other Safety Standard Organizations:
• AAMI - American Association of Medical Instrumentation
• ANSI - American National Standards Institute
• ASTM - American Society for Testing and Materials
• NFPA - National Fire Protection Association
• SCC - Standards Council of Canada
See: http://ulstandardsinfonet.ul.com/catalog/stdscatframe.html
For an exhaustive list of potentially applicable safety standards (> 200 stds)
Mexico:NOM-024-SCFI-1994 Electronic, Electrical, and Home Electronic Products
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UL Std Example: UL1236
Battery Chargers for Charging Engine-Starter Batteries
UL 1236
Scope
1.1 These requirements cover battery chargers rated 600 volts or less and intended for household
or commercial use to charge engine-starter batteries, in accordance with the National Electrical
Code, ANSI/NFPA 70.
1.2 A battery charger for use with an internal combustion engine driving a centrifugal fire pump is to
be investigated under the requirements of this standard and the applicable requirements for the end
product.
1.3 These requirements do not cover a battery charger for use in a marina or boatyard, or other
marine application excepting a battery charger intended to be permanently installed on a boat; for
fire protection signaling service; or an appliance or system in which a battery charger is used.
UL StandardsInfoNet | Underwriters Laboratories Inc.
Copyright © 2003 Underwriters Laboratories Inc.
318-595 Safety
Project Safety Std Examples
Lasers and Products Containing Lasers
US/FDA:
IEC:
21 CFR 1040.10 - Laser Products
60820 - Electrical Safety of Laser Equipment and Installations
60825 - Radiation Safety of Laser Products, Equipment Classification, Requirements
and User's Guide
60601-2-22 Diagnostic and Therapeutic Laser Equipment
Other:
ANSI Z136.3 - Safe use of lasers in health care facilities
Imaging and Display Including CRT Type Video Monitors
US/FDA:
Other:
21 CFR 1020.10 - Television Receivers (x-ray emissions)
SMPTE Standards and Publications (test paterns)
Broadcast TV Standards by Country (NTSC, PAL, SECAM etc.)
Video Recording Formats & Standards (VHS, Beta, Hi 8 etc.)
Imaging Systems: Range of Factors Affecting Image Quality
Telephone Terminal and Communications Equipment
US/FCC:
47 CFR 68 Connection of terminal equipment to the telephone network
IEC:
60617-9 Graphical symbols for diagrams part 9: telecommunications: switching and
peripheral equipment
EC:
1999/5/EC R&TTE - Radio & Telecommunications Terminal Equipment Directive
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Project Health and Safety Aspects
• Key Electrical Requirements/Questions to Consider for the
Product:
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Over current or short circuit protection on output signals
Over current protection on all power supplies
Isolation from AC power line to electronic circuits
Proper wire gauge/tracewidth vs. current
Insulation and creepage distance versus voltage between conductors
Proper derating of usable wattage in components versus ambient temp
Diagnostic Tests or Failure Mode Indicators for Operator/Service
Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (what happens if any one of the
semiconductor parts fails in a way that shorts inputs to outputs?)
318-595 Safety
Project Health and Safety Aspects
• Key Mechanical, Materials & Physics
Requirements/Questions to Consider for the Product:
– Edges of packaging are smooth and benign
– Are electronics/mechanics susceptible to dirt, fluids, etc? Do they
need to be sealed from the environment? (potted)
– If the product is portable, have you considered handles, carrying,
ergonomics, etc
– If the product is > 40 lbs, have you considered handles, fixtures, etc
for the user including OSHA mfg issues?
– Maximum surface temperature of product (must be <= 40oC on any
surface that can be touched by a user)
– Does the product emit other energy output such light, sound, heat, etc
and is there a safe level which can be related to a Safety Standard?
318-595 Safety
Project Health and Safety Aspects
• Key Safety Requirements/Questions to Consider for the
Product:
– Are there any hazardous materials or components used in the product?
If so, what are they?
– In the US, the EHS laws require that companies keep Material Safety
Data Sheets (MSDS) for most raw materials. What raw materials and
MSDS’s are needed for your product manufacturing?
– Does the Operator Manual include specific labeling of usage
– Does the Operator/Service Manuals include proper warnings