Transcript solar 101

SOLAR 101
Welcome
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Page 2
Agenda
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Solar Market Introduction
Market Segments
Applications
Market Growth Analysis
Centralized vs. De-centralized Installations
Crenlo Product Opportunities
Sales Tools
Types of Solar Electric Power
Photo Voltaic or (PV) covers
the field which utilizes the
photoelectric or Hertz effect to
generate Direct Current (DC)
electron flow.
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Concentrated Solar Power or
(CSP) uses reflective mirrors to
concentrate power either to a PV
array or to a thermal fluid to drive
a generator.
PV Market Segments Focus
Types
Residential
Commercial
Utility
10 - 150 kW
150 - 500kW
350 - 1MW
55-70%
30-40%
1-5%
(of all types total
power usage in the
US residential is
about 37%)
Inverter Size
Rated Output Power
% of US
Market
Inverter
Manufacturer
s with CAL SB1
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50
13
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Advanced Energy
SatCon Technology
Siemens Industries
SMA America
Schneider Electric
(Xantrex)
Measures of Power
The Watt (W) is a unit of power which is the work done when
one ampere (A or Amp) of current flows through an electrical
potential of one Volt (V). W = VA
A ten square foot solar panel produces about 16.8 Volts
delivering about 7.3 Amps. Total wattage is 120W.
Such a panel would be:
• 38” x 38” in size
38”
• Have 24 cells and
• Weigh about 25 lbs.
Value Symbol Name
103 W kW
kilowatt
106 W MW megawatt
109 W GW
gigawatt
38”
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8 kW Installation (Residential)
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220 kW Installation (Commercial)
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10,000 kW (10 MW) Installation (Utility)
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Utility and Commercial Installation Growth
300 kW - Commercial
500 kW – Commercial / Utility
750 kW - Utility
1MW - Utility
Revenue ($m)
10-35 kW
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> 500 kW
Revenue for GRID-TIED Enclosure Products
Inverter Enclosures Only (US Market)
$10,000,000
Enclosure Revenue $
$8,000,000
$6,000,000
$4,000,000
$2,000,000
$2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Year
Inverter Enclosures Only
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2006
2007
2008
2009
Revenue for GRID-TIED Enclosure Products
All PV Enclosures (US Market)
$10,000,000
Enclosure Revenue $
$8,000,000
$6,000,000
$4,000,000
$2,000,000
$2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
Inverter Enclosures Only
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Total PV Enclosures
2008
2009
Growth Industry
Getting in now even with a reasonably small customer and
growth may be phenomenal.
Crenlo Inverter Enclosures Sold
450
427
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
86
50
9
0
2008
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2009
2010 YTD
What's Driving the Growth
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Cost of Power (2003)
The average US household consumes 920 kWh per month.
$57.00 in ID (vs) $131.00 in CA (vs) $215.00 in HI
These economics are why HI and CA are leading in PV installations.
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Potential Customers Commercial / Utility Size
KACO – San Francisco, CA
EATON – Moon Township, PA
SatCon – Boston MA
SMA Rocklin, CA
Ingeteam – Santa Clara, CA
Nextronex – Milbury, OH
PV Powered - Bend Oregon
Advanced Energy – Fort Collins CO
Schneider Electric (Xantrex) – Pallantine IL
Exceltech Ft. Worth TX
Emerson – Carlsbad, CA (also in Eden Prairie, MN)
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How does Crenlo fit in?
Combiner Boxes
Centralized
Installation
De-Centralized
Installation
Combiner Boxes
DC Disconnect
Inverter Enclosure
Inverter Enclosure
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The Great Debate
Inverter manufacturers are arguing over two different installation methods
they think the industry should use. Centralized vs. De-centralized.
Centralized
One inverter is sized for the
array.
Component
Solar Cells
Ratio to Inverters
100,000
De-Centralized
Many smaller inverters are
matched to the array.
Component
Solar Cells
Combiner Box
20
Combiner Box
DC Disconnect
1
Inverter 500kW
1
AC Disconnect
1
DC Disconnect
Inverters 100kW
AC Disconnect
Transformer
Transformer
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.25
Ratio to Inverters
100,000
0-20
5 enclosures
each housing
Disconnects,
Inverters,
Transformers
Product Application – Junction/Combiner Boxes
Their function is to gather wires from solar panels.
Junction Box
Combiner Box
Fixed
Dynamic
Standard
To Fit Inverter
Sensors
No
Yes
Display
No
Yes
Intelligent
No
Yes
Heat Sinks /
Cooling
No
Yes
Wiring
Customization
Combiner Boxes
are sized to fit
the inverter and
therefore are
often sold in
conjunction with
Inverters.
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Junction / Combiner Box - Wiring Subtleties
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Product Application - DC Disconnect
Their function is to cut DC power from the PV array.
They are often distinguished by monitoring displays.
DC Disconnect
Boxes are sized to
fit the inverter and
therefore are often
sold in conjunction
with Inverters.
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Product Application - Inverter Housing
Their function is to protect multiple smaller Inverters.
Mounting points for a variety
of hardware solutions.
Provides additional safety &
security.
Wiring management &
protection.
Provides solar shield
(ironically) for inverter cooling.
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Product Application – Inverter Enclosure
Their function is to protect and keep the inverter functioning
at maximum efficiency.
333kW Inverter
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500kW Inverter
1MW Inverter
Crenlo Capabilities - Serviceability
Footprint or Overall size
• French Doors to Minimize door
swing.
• Wind hold opens – locks doors open
even in high wind.
Equipment access from multiple sides
• Removable panels.
• High capacity slides.
Human Factors
• Ergonomics.
• Weight of doors and panels.
• Reach over.
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Crenlo Capabilities - Efficiency
Imagine one of these heaters inside of an inverter.
• When an inverter is operating at optimum efficiency
excess heat is generated inside of the enclosure.
• To keep the inverter working efficiency this heat needs
to be removed.
• Crenlo can help with this.
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Crenlo Capabilities - Efficiency
• It is common for an
inverter to have sections
with varying NEMA
ratings for sealing or
even EMI ratings.
• Crenlo can offer
solutions and assistance
in these cases.
• Environmental Gasketing
NEMA 3/3R/4X/12
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Crenlo Capabilities – Corrosion Protection
Often enclosures require additional level of corrosion
protection.
• Steel with E-coat in-house electro coating process with
powder coat.
• Galvanized or Galvaneal with powder coat
• Aluminum
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Selling Plan
• Customer leads are being developed.
• Qualify the leads and make customer presentations –
include your Regional Manager.
• High light our custom capabilities.
• Collateral is being developed.
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Products and Customers
• Customer types would be
commercial and utility size.
• Volume can be small to start.
Regular ongoing business is
preferred. Forecasted if possible.
• Bring your opportunities through
your Crenlo Regional Manager.
They will typically be the key
contacts for these applications.
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Questions?
THANK YOU
Resources/References
http://www.earth-policy.org/index.php?/indicators/C47/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics
http://www.electroiq.com/index/display/photovoltaics-article-display/5362060331/articles/PhotovoltaicsWorld/industry-news/2010/august/strong-demand_in_2009.html
http://www.gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov/equipment/inverters.php
http://michaelbluejay.com/electricity/cost.html
http://worldwatts.com/panels.html
http://www.electroiq.com/index/display/photovoltaics-article-display/2776547518/articles/Photovoltaics-World/boscomponents/inverters/2010/september/pv-inverter_outlook.html
http://www.pvresources.com/en/glossary.php
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BONUS MATERIAL
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US PV Market – with Cumulative
US Grid Tied PV Installations (MWs)
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
M
W
600
400
200
0
2000
2001
2002
Annual Installations
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2003
2004
Cumulative Installations
2005
2006
2007
Expon. (Annual Installations)
2008
2009
Centralized Installation
•Reduce capital by leveraging economies of scale
•Strings are wired to a central inverter.
•Connects to Grid at single point and therefore prominent strategy for Utility Scale and
grid-tied commercial
Combiner Boxes
Panels
Inverter Enclosure
DC Disconnect
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Centralized Installation
• Reduce capital by leveraging economies of scale and bring back
strings to a central inverter.
• Connects to Grid at single point and therefore prominent strategy
for high power Grid Tied
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Centralized Installation
25kW Max
25kW Max
25kW Max
500kW Inverter
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25kW Max
25kW Max
De-centralized Installation
•Distribute PV modules to individual inverters.
•This gives some potential increase because of Irradiance and resistance variations &
redundancy.
Panels
•Logical for Residential and Users
Inverter Enclosure
Combiner Boxes
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De-centralized Installation
• Distribute PV modules to individual inverters.
• This gives some potential increase because of Irradiance and
resistance variations & redundancy.
• Logical for Residential and Users
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De-Centralized Installation
125kW Inverter
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125kW Inverter
125kW Inverter
125kW Inverter
Combiner Boxes - Wiring Subtleties
Power = Voltage X Current
W = VA
Each of these wiring produced
the same power 3Ws
But to a solar designer there are
distinct differences
Case for Parallel:
(MPP) Maximum Power Point
Tracking
The greatest efficiency changes
according to Irradiance and
temperature
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Combiner Boxes - Wiring Subtleties
Case for Series: Wired in series
created the term.
Current heats up conductors (think
stove top, hair dryer, incandescent
light bulb) which cause resistive
losses in terms of heat, light and
other forms of radiation. (This is
one reason everyone keeps
dreaming of the room-temperature
super conductor.)
Therefore if you are planning to
run power into the electric grid you
may choose to run at high voltage
(rather than high A current). Many
DC busses run at 400 or 600 Volts)
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Start Voltage:
Inverters have a minimum DC
voltage
that is required for start up
AC to DC
UL 1741 and IEEE 1547 require all grid-tied inverters to
disconnect from the grid within 2 seconds if:
• The AC line voltage or frequency go out of spec limits
from the standard.
• If the inverter becomes an “Island” meaning that the
grid is no longer present.
• They must remain disconnected for five minutes until
normal circumstances return
• These protect the grid, and power works restoring the
grid after power outages.
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Typical Installation - Residential
Individual residence typically use
small devices which combine:
•The wiring junctions
•DC Disconnect
•Power Inversion
•AC Disconnect
•And AC Transformer
Many homes are off-grid and the
DC power charges batteries or
the AC power just supplies power
to dedicated circuits.
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Example Installations
Residential
Commercial
Utility
8kW Installation
220kW Installation
10,000kW Installation
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Functional Steps in PV Power
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Enclosure Products for Solar PV Market
Inverter Enclosures
Combiner/Junction Box
DC Disconnect Box
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