Transcript Presentation 2 - SDC Industries

Power Factor Correction
The Definitive power solution
 Introduction
 The basic concepts
 Types of power
 Power Factor
 What is Power Factor Correction and it’s benefits
 Typical power factors
 Reactive charges
 Savings
 Carbon emissions - calculation
 SDC Products
 When does payback begin?
To obtain the best economic advantage from your electricity supply, both
the generating plant and your own plant should be operated at high
efficiency.
To maintain this level of efficiency, a high power factor throughout the
system is essential.
Most loads on an electrical distribution system can be categorised into three
main types:
 Resistive
 Inductive
 Capacitive
The most common type of load is inductive. For example, fluorescent lights,
transformers and AC induction motors.
Active power actually performs the work and is measured in kW. This is
also what is read on a wattmeter.
Reactive power sustains the electromagnetic field and is measured in
kvar.
 Power Factor is the measurement of how effectively your business uses
the electricity supplied to your site
 Ideal Power Factor is unity or 1, anything less than 1 means that extra
power is required to achieve the necessary tasks.
The higher the power factor, the more effectively electrical power
is being used and vice versa.
 Low Power Factor is expensive and inefficient, with many utility
companies charging extra, (reactive power charge), for sites with a poor
power factor
 Low Power Factor can also reduce the capacity of your electrical
distribution system by increasing current flow and causing voltage
drops.
Power Factor is the ratio of true power to apparent power
Power Factor = KW
KVA
 Power Factor Correction is the term given to a technology to restore Power
Factor to as close to unity as economically viable
 This can be achieved by adding Power Factor Correction capacitors to the
distribution system which provide or compensate for the Reactive Power
demand of the inductive load, and thus reduce the burden on the supply
 Capacitors work as reactive current generators “providing” needed
reactive power (KVAr) into the power supply
 By supplying their own source of reactive power, the industrial user frees
the utility from having to supply it, and therefore the total amount of
apparent power supplied by the utility will be less.
 Power Factor Correction Capacitors reduce the total current drawn from
the distribution system and subsequently increase the system’s capacity
by raising the Power Factor level.
 A reduction in electricity charges
 Elimination of utility power factor penalties, which can increase electrical
bills by up to 20%
 Reduction in I²R losses of transformers and distribution equipment
 Prolonging the life of equipment from reduced heat in cables,
switchgear, transformers and alternators
 Reduced voltage drop in cables, allowing the same cable to supply a
larger motor and improving the starting of motors at the end of the
long cable runs
 Reduction in Carbon Emissions
To obtain the best economic advantage from your electricity supply, both the
generating plant and your own plant should be operated at high efficiency.
To do this, a high power factor throughout the system is essential.
PFC – The Sawmill
SUPPLY
PFC
– The
Sawmill
MAXIMUM
DEMAND
POWER FACTOR
ANNUAL CONSUMPTION
REACTIVE HOURS
IF YOU WANT TO OBTAIN A POWER
FACTOR OF 0.98, REACTIVE HOURS
MUST EQUAL
DIFFERENCE
PRICE
PENALTY
AMOUNT OF KVAR REQUIRED TO
IMPROVE PF TO 0.98
PAYBACK
CARBON SAVINGS (kg/annum)
:
:
:
:
:
:
11KV
5320KW
0.8
28,728,000KWH
21,538,246 (this gives a power factor of 0.8)
5,829,114
:
:
:
:
21,538,246 – 5,829,114 = 15,709,132KVArh
0.15p / Reactive Hour
£23,563.00
3000kvar
: 1 YEAR
: 283,200kg
A FURTHER SAVING WILL ALSO BE MADE ON CAPACITY CHARGES :
EXISTING CAPACITY
: 5320 ÷ 0.8 = 6650
NEW CAPACITY
: 5320 ÷ 0.98 = 5428
DIFFERENCE
: 6650 – 5428 = 1222
1222 @ £6.42/KVA/ANNUM = £7,845
TOTAL SAVING
: £23,563.00 + £7,845 = £31,408
PFC – The Engineering Works
SUPPLY
: 415V
MAXIMUM DEMAND
: 750KW
POWER FACTOR
: 0.7
ANNUAL CONSUMPTION
: 2,512,000KWH
REACTIVE HOUR SAVING BY
IMPROVING POWER FACTOR TO
0.98
PRICE PER REACTIVE HOUR
: 2,009,600
ANNUAL SAVING
: £5,285
PRESENT CAPACITY
: 750 ÷ 0.7 = 1071KVA
NEW CAPACITY
: 750 ÷ 0.98 = 765KVA
DIFFERENCE
: 1071 – 765 = 306KVA
AT A COST OF
: £4.89
TOTAL SAVING
: 4.89 X 306 = £1500 + £5285 = £6785
CAPACITANCE REQUIRED
: 600kvar
PAYBACK
: 2 YEARS
CARBON SAVINGS (kg/annum)
: 56,640kg
: 0.263
PFC – The Office
MAXIMUM DEMAND
: 220KW
POWER FACTOR
: 0.65
ANNUAL CONSUMPTION
: 980,000KWh
REACTIVE HOUR SAVING BY
IMPROVING POWER FACTOR TO
0.98
PRICE PER REACTIVE HOUR
: 931,361
ANNUAL SAVING
: £2,450
PRESENT CAPACITY
: 220 ÷ 0.65 = 338KVA
NEW CAPACITY
: 220 ÷ 0.98 = 224KVA
DIFFERENCE
: 338 – 224 = 114KVA
AT A COST OF
: 4.89 x 114 = £560 PER ANNUM
TOTAL SAVING
: 560 + 2450 = £3010
CAPACITANCE REQUIRED
: 200KVAr
PAYBACK
: 1.5 YEARS
CARBON SAVINGS (kg/annum)
: 18,880kgs
: 0.263p
Savings on CO2 emissions
EXAMPLE : Based on typical operational hours of 300 per month (savings will
obviously increase if your monthly usage is higher than average),
your CO2 savings will be as follows: Amount of hours in use x months per year
x kw losses x CO2 for each kWh generated*
300 x 12 x 0.05962W* x 0.44kg* = 94.4kg/CO2 per kvar per annum.
Multiply this amount by the amount of kvar on the unit supplied.
2 x 300KVAr x 94.4
*Constant as per DETR calculation.
TOTAL CO2 SAVINGS PER ANNUM = 56,640kg
Example of the Power Factor calculator which
can be found on our website.
SDC Industries have been producing a wide range of Power Factor Correction
equipment since 1978 and can supply equipment for both low and high
voltage systems.
It is the knowledge and experience of our Managing Directors and in-house
engineers that have led us to become industry leaders in this field.
Here at SDC Industries, we pride ourselves in all our products being made in
Britain. Each piece of equipment is designed and manufactured in our
premises in East Kilbride, Scotland, by fully qualified and highly experienced
electrical engineers and electrical fitters.
SDC Industries offer a free-of-charge Power Factor Correction
Survey, anywhere in the UK mainland.
A range of high integrity power capacitors designed
to meet the needs of smaller electrical loads.
Self-healing, non-toxic capacitors suitable for use on
a 415V, 3-Phase, 50Hz system, designed and tested
to IEC60831-1&2, EN60831-1&2, VDE0560-46&47
International Standards.
High integrity power capacitors in metal enclosures,
complete with a suitably rated circuit breaker,
designed to meet the needs of smaller electrical
installations.
Self-healing, non-toxic capacitors suitable for use on
a 415V, 3 phase, 50Hz system. Capacitors are
designed and tested to IEC60831-1&2, EN60831-1&2,
VDE0560-46&47, circuit breakers to IEC157, BS4752.
High integrity power capacitors, in
automatically controlled banks designed to
meet the needs of electrical systems with
fluctuating loads.
Self-healing, non-toxic capacitors with
switching stages from 10-65KVAr, and overall
bank rating a maximum of 200KVAr at 415V, 3
phase 50 Hz.
High integrity power capacitors, in a prestige
enclosure, featuring automatically controlled
switching stages, designed to meet the needs
of the larger electrical system with a fluctuating
load.
Self-healing, non-toxic capacitors with
switching stages from 10-50KVAr, and overall
bank rating a maximum of 900KVAr at 415V, 3
phase, 50Hz.
PAYBACK BEGINS AT THE DESIGN STAGE

By including PFC in the design of your distribution system (whether existing,
new, or if you plan to expand), the size of transformers, switchgear, and
cables can all be reduced.

In addition, the money you save on Reactive Charges will also be
recouped upon installation of the equipment.

Carbon emissions will reduce dramatically with the installation of PFC
equipment.
18 Colvilles Place
Kelvin Industrial Estate
East Kilbride
United Kingdom
G75 0PZ
Tel: +44(0)1355 265959
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.sdcindustries.co.uk