Transcript Battery Activity Introductory Powerpoint

Batteries & Capacitors
And How They Work!
What are the ways we store
electricity?
What are some objects that
require batteries that you use?
Battery History
The word circuit comes from the Latin circuitus, which means “to go around”
Volta’s
Battery!
The first battery was created by
Alessandro Volta in 1798. Volta was
an Italian professor in physics and
chemistry
We honor him today by calling our
standard measure of electricity the
“volt”
Planté’s
Lead-acid
Battery!
In 1859, Gaston Planté invented
the lead-acid battery, the firstevery battery that could be
recharged by passing a reverse
current through it.
Battery History
In the 1950’s, the first
cylindrical alkaline batteries
were made
In the 1980’s, the first lithiumion batteries were made and
released to the public. Lithium
is the metal with the lowest
density and with the greatest
energy-to-weight ratio, so is
ideal for making batteries
common alkaline batteries
Today, scientists work to
improve the life and power of
batteries using a variety of
advanced technologies
lithium-ion batteries in an electric car
Battery Basics
A battery uses chemistry, not mechanical movement, to create
a continuous flow of electricity.
A battery is able to create a continuous flow of DC (direct
current) electricity until all of the energy in the battery is used.
Americans purchase nearly 3 billion batteries every year to
power radios, toys, watches, laptops, tools and more.
3 Key Battery Components
Positive electrode or
terminal – accepts electrons
from circuit
Electrolyte!
Negative electrode or
terminal – releases electrons
onto circuit
Separated by an electrolyte
which serves as a barrier to
electrons
Q: What kind of charge does
an electron have?
The Electric Circuit
CIRCUIT
Ions!
+ Positive
When the circuit is closed,
chemical reactions begin within
the battery to produce ions
and electrons.
Electrode
+
+
Negative
Electrode
Electrons!
Electrons travel around the
outer circuit from the positive
electrode to the negative
electrode.
Meanwhile, ions travel within
the battery towards the
positive electrode.
Rechargeable Batteries
CIRCUIT
Ions!
Positive
+Positive
Electrode
Electrode
Power
Source
!
+
+
Negative
Electrode
Electrons!
A battery is able to recharge
if it can run the chemical
reactions in reverse.
While charging, electrons
travel around the outer
circuit in the opposite
direction and ions travel
back towards the
electrolyte.
Capacitors
What are other potential components of an electric circuit?
Capacitors
Capacitors are another way
we store energy, this time
electrically instead of
chemically.
Capacitors are just as
common and important as
batteries in powering
modern society
They are created by 2 metal
plates separated by an
insulating called a dielectric.
How Capacitors Work
The plate on the capacitor
that attaches to the negative
terminal of the battery
accepts electrons the
battery produces.
The charges get “stuck” on
the plate because they can’t
travel through the dielectic,
giving that plate a strong
negative charge.
The plate on the capacitor that
attaches to the positive terminal loses
electrons to the battery, causing it to
develop a strong positive charge.
When it’s charged, the capacitor has
the same voltage as the battery.
Capacitor Uses
• To store charge for high-speed
use, like the flash in a camera!
• To eliminate ripples - a
capacitor can even out the
voltage from a typical outlet
• To convert voltage from a direct current
(DC) to an alternating current (AC)
• Capacitive Touch Screens – a built-in
electrode pattern charges the screen so
when touched, a current is drawn to
the finger and creates a voltage drop.
Let’s act out our own electric
circuit!
Let’s act out our own electric
circuit!
Let’s form a circle
One person will represent the
battery
The rest of the participants will
represent the wire conductor
The circle itself represents a circuit