Transcript Power_Board_TIPP_AMx

by
E. Anassontzis, A. Belias , E. Kappos, K. Manolopoulos, P. Rapidis
on behalf of the KM3NeT Collaboration
Potential neutrino sources
Supernova Remnants
Pulsar Wind Nebula
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Cosmogenic
neutrinos
Active Galactic
Nuclei
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Micro Quasars
Gamma-Ray Burst
TIPP’14
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Dark
Matter
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Detection principle
Cherenkov
Neutrino
Telescope
Active Galactic
Nuclei
43°
charge current
interactions
µ
water/
rock
up-going neutrino
Picture from ANTARES
Neutrino-induced muons in the deep sea
TIPP’14
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KM3NeT Artistic Impression
6 Building Blocks (BBs) ~ 6 km3
1 BB = 115 Detection Units (DU)
1 DU = 18 Digital Optical Modules
~ 700m
~100m
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ELECTRO-OPTICAL CABLE TO SHORE
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KM3NeT- Where & When
200 People
40 Institutes
10 Countries
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2 BBs in each site ~2km3
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KM3NeT-France:
Toulon (~ 2500m)
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KM3NeT-Italy:
Capo Passero (~ 3500m)
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KM3NeT-Greece:
Pylos (depth ~ 4500m)
Common hardware, data
handling and operation
control
 Centrally managed
 Nodes for marine science at
each site
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Digital Optical Module (DOM)
Power-Board
Lower Hemisphere
19 PMTs
Upper Hemisphere
12 PMTs
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Central Logic Board
(CLB)
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PMT Base:
High Voltage Supply
Analog Front-End
Digital Optical Module (DOM)
 Receives power from external 400V/12V power supply.
 Uses internal power supply board (DOM-PB) to
generate 7 power rails at various voltages as required
by its electronic modules, e.g.
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Central logic (FPGA) board.
Photomultiplier (PMT) bases.
Optical communications.
Instrumentation boards inside the DOM, e.g.
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Acoustic piezo sensor for the DOM positioning system.
Compasses and tiltmeters to monitor the orientation of PMTs.
Temperature and humidity sensors.
LED nanobeacons for timing calibration.
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DOM Power Supply Board (DOM-PB)
Design considerations
 Multiple power rails derived from 12V input.
 High power conversion efficiency desirable.
 Power up sequencing requirements to adhere to (strictly
sequential).
 Strict form factor constraints imposed by DOM mechanical
design.

Not easily accessible or serviceable inside the DOM.
 Attached directly to DOM heat conductor to improve cooling.
 DOM uses an internal mushroom-shaped aluminium heat
conductor to improve heat flow to its environment (sea water).
 Shielded against EMI and acoustic noise to other DOM
modules.
 Reliability – operating lifetime > 10 years.
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Design options
 Pre-production version, to be used only during DOM
electronic systems development for power evaluation
purposes, with capabilities for
 Current and voltage sensing of all power rails.
 I2C communication for data acquisition by
 FPGA firmware.
 PC software.
 Dynamic power profiling tool for DOM electronic modules.
 Reduced power efficiency due to:
 Extra ICs (ADCs, buffers, …)
 Current sensing resistors.
 Production version.
 Without the above capabilities, to increase power efficiency.
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Implementation considerations
 Use readily available off-the-shelf components (ICs).
 Modular design for flexibility in implementing future
changes in case of component obsolescense or
procurement problems.
 Low cost
 Component costs
 2 power connectors, 1 mixed power/signal connector.
 Input DC power filter, output ferrite (LC) filters.
 Switching/linear regulator ICs, magnetics, other ICs
 PCB costs
 Use max 4 layers.
 No blind or buried vias.
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K.MANOLOPOULOS.
Power rail specifications with
current (power) estimates
 Step down:
12V → 1.0V
12V → 1.8V
12V → 2.5V
12V → 3.3V
12V → 3.3V
2.3A (FPGA board)
0.9A
0.9A
0.7A (digital)
0.3A (analog, PMT bases, low noise/ripple required)
0.4A
12V → 5.0V
 Step up:
12V → 0V .. 30V
 Power sequencing:
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5mA (programmable via I2C)
Power-up:
Low voltages precede higher voltages.
Power-down:
Not specified.
Power-good output asserted when all step-down rails are good.
Separate power-good output for the PMT rail required.
Step-up rail: no need for power-good. Activated when 5.0V rail is good.
K.MANOLOPOULOS.
Implementation decisions
 For efficiency, use switching regulators due to high
step-down ratio.
 For reduced noise/ripple and higher efficiency on the
PMT rail:
 Use linear regulator preceded by step-down 12V → 3.8V to
reduce linear dropout.
 Avoid using power sequencer IC:
 Use the ENABLE input and POWER_GOOD outputs of
switching regulators in a daisy-chain (i.e. domino-like)
configuration, where each regulator is enabled by the power
good output of the previous (lower) rail.
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Voltage Rising Time
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Implementation options for stepdown switching regulators
 Regulator IC with external magnetics.
 Flexibility in selecting switching frequency and component values.
 Longer development for tests & qualification of each switcher design.
 Less flexibility in modifying the Power Board design.
 Modular point-of load (POL) switching regulator.
 Regulator IC with magnetics supplied as a single module.
 Encapsulated modules (expensive, but EMC qualified).
 Module on mini PCB (low cost).
 Speeds up development.
 Flexibility in upgrading and modifying the Power Board design.
 Guaranteed electrical and EMC specifications.
 Optimized PCB design by manufacturer, own GND plane.
 Widely available by several manufacturers, low cost.
 No flexibility in selecting switching frequency.
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DOM Vout Settings
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Power Board Overview
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Conclusions
 Power efficiency of pre-production version approx. 80%.
 Estimated power efficiency of production version approx.
85%.
 Further work
 Use power profiling capability of pre-production version to
provide precise figures on current consumption of all DOM
electronic modules.
 Optimise power efficiency by replacing POL modular
converters with bespoke switching regulators with own
magnetics to achieve at least 90% efficiency on each rail.
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Thank you for your attention.
Questions?
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