Transcript Document

Web-based Support Systems
JingTao Yao
Department of Computer Science,
University of Regina
CANADA S4S 0A2
[email protected]
http://www2.cs.uregina.ca/~jtyao
Web-based Support Systems (WSS)
• An emerging multidisciplinary research
area that studies the support of human
activities with the Web as the common
platform, medium and interface.
• One of the goals of building WSS is to
extend the human physical limitation of
information processing in the information
age.
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WSS & WI
• Moving support systems online is an
increasing trend in Web Intelligence
research.
• WSS are a multidisciplinary research: the
supported field, computer science,
information technology, and Web
technology.
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Advances in Science and Technology
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More data/information
More tools
More difficult problems
More complex tasks
More demands for quality and
productivity
…….
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Advances in Computer and Web
Technology
•
More opportunities
– Availability, accessibility, flexibility
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More challenges
– Find the right information/tools,
– Learn/use the existing tools
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Faster changes
– Keep up with the pace of the changes.
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Why WSS?
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To take the opportunities of the Web.
To meet the challenges of the Web.
To extend the human physical limitations
of information processing.
To overcome many limitations that
computerized support systems suffered
from.
To keep up with the advance of
technology advances.
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Computerized Support systems
• It is impossible to develop a fully
automated computer system.
• More practical substitute systems
– Decision support systems (DSS)
– Computer aided software engineering (CASE)
– Computer aided design (CAD)
– Computer aided education (CAE)
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Strengths of the Web
• Distributed infrastructure for information
processing and communication.
• Delivers timely information and tools.
• Standardized user interface framework (HTML,
CSS, XML).
• No geographical restrictions.
• Secure transmission of sensitive data.
• Potential to reach a much larger user base.
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Why the Web?
• The Web is used as
– The basic infrastructure
– The common user interface
– The universal platform
– The medium
for delivering and providing support of
various human activities.
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Transition to the Web
• A represents a particular domain.
• A + computerized support system
– A support systems.
– A = medical domain
• Medical Support Systems.
• Web technology + A + computerized support
system
– Web-based A support systems.
– A = scientific research
• Web-based Research Support Systems.
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Two Dimensional View of WSS
• WSS may be viewed as extensions of
existing studies in two dimensions
– Application dimension
From decision support to other types of
support systems (e.g., data mining support,
retrieval support, reading support, etc.).
– Technology dimension
From old technology based to new
technology based systems.
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Two Dimensional View of WSS
Technology
Domain
Computer
Web
…
Decision Making
DSS
WDSS
…
Information Retrieval IRSS
WIRSS
…
Science Research
RSS
WRSS
…
Learning
LSS
WLSS
…
Knowledge
management
KMSS
WKMSS
…
Data mining
DMSS
WDMSS
…
Medical
MSS
WMSS
…
…
…
…
…
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Goals of WSS Research
• Combining the isolated research efforts on
various support systems.
• Integrating the diverse general or specific
computerized systems.
• Extract the commonality to form a new and
separate sub-field of study.
• Applying existing approaches and developing
new theories and approaches for WSS.
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WSS Workshops
• 2003, JingTao Yao and Pawan Lingras co-organized the
1st International Workshop on Web-based Support
System
– http://www2.cs.uregina.ca/~wss/wss03/
• 2004, JingTao Yao, Vijay Raghavan, and Guoyin Wang
co-organized the 2nd International Workshop on Webbased Support System
– http://www2.cs.uregina.ca/~wss/wss04/
• 2006, JingTao Yao, Kanliang co-organized the 3rd
International Workshop on Web-based Support System
– http://www2.cs.uregina.ca/~wss/wss06/
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WSS Proceedings
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A General Architecture of WSS
Larger user base
Web technology
Standardized UI
Information technology
Domain dependent /
independent information
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WSS Research
• Generalize WSS concepts, characteristics of
various support system.
• Study of domain independent theories, models,
and techniques of WSS as a separate field on its
own.
• Study of concrete models of WSS specific
domains, such as decision support, research
support, retrieval support.
• Design and implementation of variable WSS.
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WSS Directions
• Support systems (semi-automatic,
interactive) may be more valuable than fully
automatic systems, particularly in domains
with unstructured problems.
• Users/experts play an active role in using
support systems.
• Support systems are a new type of tools
that help human to perform various task.
• Support systems will extend the capacity of
human, instead of replace them.
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Research on WSS
• Operations & logic
– Understand the needs of WSS
– Domain specific
– Domain independent
• Support facilities
– What can CS/IT/Web offer
– Domain specific
– Domain independent
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Basic issues of WSS
• Supporting domain independent activities
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Reading
Writing
Presentation
Communication
……
• Support domain dependent activities
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Decision analysis
Strategic decision making
Risk analysis
……
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Need Intelligent Support:
A Negative Example
• James Kim’s Tragedy (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Kim)
– San Francisco Chronicle: MAPS: Internet travel
directions need to be checked carefully
(http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/12/07/MAPS.TMP)
– The Age, Australia: Faulty online mapping linked to
wrong turn disaster
(http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2006/12/08/1165081119464.html)
– How reliable are these FREE online maps?
• Google Maps, Google Maps
• Yahoo Maps, Yahoo Maps
• MapQuest, MapQuest
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Web-based
Research Support Systems
• A specific type of WSS
• The general ideas of WSS apply to WRSS
• It is an example to demonstrate the
usefulness of the study of WSS.
• Three Types of WRSS
– Support individual researchers
– Support research management
– Support research collaborations
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Scientific Research in the Web Age
• As new technologies evolve and existing
technologies expand, a scientist needs to adjust
accordingly and make full use of them when
carrying out research.
• Scientists face many challenges in using Webbased information resources, such as
information overload, misinformation, fees,
poorly designed navigation, retrieval, and
browsing tools.
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Interdisciplinary Nature
Research Support Systems
• Research methodologies:
– Purpose of research (science), research methods,
research activities, etc.
• Computer science
– Computer systems that support various research activities.
• Web
– As an infrastructure and a medium of support delivery, as
an common user interface.
• WRSS integrates and extends existing computer
technologies and systems to serve scientists.
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WRSS
• How to support scientists to meet such
challenges is an important issue.
• Many computer systems have been
implemented to support various
research activities.
– Meta search engines
– MS Word (spelling, grammar checking)
– Citation indexes: Web of Science, Google
Scholar, DBLP, CiteSeer, Scopus
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A Model of the Research Process
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Ideagenerating phase.
Problemdefinition phase.
Proceduredesign/planning phase.
Observation/experimentation phase.
Dataanalysis phase.
Resultsinterpretation/explanation phase.
Communication phase
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Role of WRSS
• Active role of WRSS: scientists play an active
role in using a passive system vs. WRSS also
plays a active role to assist scientists.
– Search results alert
– MS Word auto-correction feature
• Rationality and feasibility: research process is
relatively discipline independent, which makes
WRSS feasible.
– Separation of general research process and discipline
specific knowledge.
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Characteristics of WRSS
• Conceptual organization of WRSS:
Sequentially according to the sequence of
research phases, hierarchically based on
the complexity of research activities.
• Personalized support.
• Adaptation over time.
• Web platform.
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Functionalities of WRSS
• Profile management: to collect, organize, and
store all relevant information of scientists.
• Resource management:
– Many types of resources exist for supporting research,
such as human resources, tool resources, and
information/knowledge resources.
– The objective is to identify the suitable resource to
support scientists' research needs.
• Data/knowledge management: to record, store
and retrieve the useful data, information and
knowledge during the entire research process.
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Specific Supporting Functionalities
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Exploring support
Retrieval support
Reading support
Analyzing support
Writing support
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Web of Science
• Reference Search
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Cited Reference Searching - Benefits
• Allows you to move forward and backward in time,
discovering relationships between published works as
determined by the articles authors
- Find new, unknown information based on older,
known information
- Track use of your research or a competitor’s research
- Backward through “Cited References”
• Uses cited references as subject terms
• Explore hidden connections between research papers.
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Cited Reference Searching
Traditional search
Cited reference search
2004
2003
paper
paper
1987
paper
1982
paper
1996
paper
1957
paper
1993
paper
1982
paper
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paper
1996
paper
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Cited Reference Search
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Cited Reference Look-up table
Cited references that are in BLUE are links
to source records. Citations to items not
indexed in Web of Science (Books, Art, etc)
and Cited Reference Variants are in black
text.
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Times Cited
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Cited Reference Search / Results
As these records cite Anand’s
work, they are closely related to
the original subject, even
though they may not use the
same terminology.
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Web of Science
• Citation Analysis
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About Citation Reports
• Use to quickly see citations over a period of time to
a set of publications
• Provide aggregate citation statistics for a set of
search results
– Graphs that show publication activity and citation activity
by year
– Average citations per item and average times cited per
year
– H-index
– Remove self-citations
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Citation Reports
• Create reports for sets of 10,000 or fewer
• Available for:
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Quick Search
General Search
Search within a Set
Author Finder
Refine/Analyze
• Not available for:
– Cited Reference Search
– Citing Articles Summary
– Related Records Search Results
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Author search
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Author search results
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Citation Report
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H-index
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H-index
• Hirsch, J. E. (2005). An index to quantify an
individual's scientific research output.
Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences of the United States of America,
102(46), 16569-16572.
– Meaningful when compared to others within the
same discipline area.
– Researchers in one field may have very different
h-indices than researchers in another (e.g. Life
Sciences vs Physics).
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Citation Counts
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Output Citation Report data
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ISI Web of Knowledge Citation Alert
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Contributing Computer Science Fields
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Database
Information retrieval
Data mining system, statistics software
Visualization
Graphics user interfaces
Text editors and processors
Intelligent agents
Many more ……
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Other Examples
• More practical projects
• Three undergoing projects
– Web-based learning support: treasure hunting
games
– Web-based research support: Weblog
– Web-based medical support: using decision
theoretical rough set model for risk analysis
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Using Weblog
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Research journal, diary, forum
Keep track idea evolution
Keep track contribution
Easier information retrieval, hyperlinks
• System management
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Sort/store by idea, time, author
Access level: user, group, others.
Citation management
Search
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Architecture of WLSS
Contents Management System
Internet
USER
Learning
Order
Indexing
Database
Domain
Knowledge
Base
Conventional
Indexing
Database
Information Retrieval Support System
Teaching Support System
Web-based Learning Game System
Course
Knowledge
Base
Academic
Dictionary
Database
User
Knowledge
Base
I
N
T
E
R
F
A
C
E
Membership Management System
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Example: A Treasure Map
Start
End
Quiz
Data Representation
Event 1
Mountain
Images
ISO
Audio
Data communications
Extende
d
ASCII
Video
Unicode
Text
Numbers
ASCII
Components
Protocol Village
Event
Fake treasure
Threat
Real treasure
Help
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A Partial Architecture
Users
Web/Internet
Interface/Presentation
DBMS
Knowledge
Management
Rough
Sets
Information
Retrieval
Control
Facilities
Knowledge Base
Patient
Database
Rule
Database
Risk
Database
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Rough Set Component
Object data
a1
a2
d
o1
1
0
+
o2
0
0
-
o3
0
1
-
o4
1
1
+
Data Mining Component
Rules
if {a1 = 1} … then {d = ‘+’}
Rough Set
Analysis
Knowledge
Management
Knowledge Base
Database
Management
Rule
Information
Tables
Domain
Specific
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r1
if
{a1 = 2} … then {d = ‘+’}
r2
if
{a1 = 1} … then {d = ‘+’}
r3
if
{a1 = 0} … then {d = ‘-’}
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Conclusion
• Support systems will play more and more
important roles in the near future. They provide a
potential solution for information/tool overload
and the complexity of modern problems.
• It is necessary and beneficial to study Webbased support systems as a separate sub-field of
research.
• The successful story of decision support systems
can be repeated in other domains.
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Conclusion
• WSS is a newly identified research area
• The research on WSS is a natural evolution of
the existing research.
– DSS => WDSS => WSS
– DSS => Computerized SS => WSS
• We identify domain, scope, research of WSS
• WRSS is a concrete example of WSS.
• Expect that WSS will attract more research.
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WSS publications
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J. T. Yao, An Introduction to Web-based Support Systems, Journal of Intelligent
Systems, 17(1-3), 267-281, 2007.
H.K. Bhargava, D.J. Power, D. Sun, Progress in Web-based decision support
technologies, Decision Support Systems, 43(4), 1083-1095, 2007.
M. Chen, Y. Liou, C. –W. Wang, Y. W. Fan, Y.-P. J. Chie, TeamSpirit: Design,
implementation, and evaluation of a Web-based group decision support system,
Decision Support Systems, 43(4), 1186-1202, 2007.
J.T. Yao, J.P. Herbert, Web-based Support Systems based on Rough Set Analysis,
Proceedings of International Conference on Rough Sets and Emerging Intelligent
System Paradigms (RSEISP'07), June 28-30, 2007, Warsaw, Poland, LNAI 4585,
pp 360-370.
J. T. Yao, D. W. Kim, J. P. Herbert, Supporting Online Learning with Games,
Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 6570, Data Mining, Intrusion Detection, Information
Assurance, and Data Networks Security 2007, April 9-13, 2006, Orlando, Florida,
USA, edited by Belur V. Dasarathy, (SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 2007), 65700G-(1-11).
J.T. Yao, Supporting Research with Weblogs: A Study on Web-Based Research
Support Systems, The 3rd International Workshop on Web-Based Support Systems,
Dec 18, 2006, Hong Kong, WI-IAT 2006 Work shops Proceedings, pp161-164.
J. T. Yao, W. N. Liu, L. Fan, Y. Y. Yao and X. D. Yang, Supporting Sustainable
Communities with Web-based Information Systems, Journal of Environmental
Informatics, Vol. 7, No. 2, 2006, pp84-94.
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WSS publications
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J. T. Yao, W.N. Liu, Web-based Dynamic Delphi: a New Survey Instrument,
Proceedings of SPIE No 6241, Data Mining, Intrusion Detection, Information Assur
ance, And Data Networks Security 2006, April 17-18, 2006, Orlando, Florida, USA,
edited by Belur V. Dasarathy, (SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 2006), pp.169-179.
J.T. Yao, On Web-based Support Systems, Proceedings of the 2nd Indian
International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Pune, India, December 20-22,
2005, pp2589-2600.
J.T. Yao, Design of Web-based Support Systems, 8th International Conference on
Computer Science and Informatics (CSI), Salt Lake City, USA July 21-26, 2005,
pp349-352.
Y.Y. Yao, J.T. Yao, C.J. Butz, P. Lingras and D. Jutla, “Web-based Support Systems:
a Report of the WIC Canada Research Centre”, Proceedings of the
IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence, Beijing, China, Sept
20-24, 2004, pp787-788.
J. T. Yao, V.V. Raghavan, G.Y. Wang, Proceedings of the Second Workshop Webbased Support Systems (WSS'04), Beijing, China, Sept 20, 2004.
W.N. Liu, J.T. Yao, L. Fan, Y.Y. Yao, X.D. Yang, “Web-based Support Systems for
Sustainable Communities”, Proceedings of the Second Workshop Web-based
Support Systems (WSS'04), Beijing, China, Sept 20, 2004, pp102-110.
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WSS publications
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Z. Tang, B.A. Engel, J. Choi, K. Sullivan, M. Sharif, K.J. Lim, A Web-based DSS for
erosion control structure planning, Applied Engineering In Agriculture, 20 (5), 707714, 2004.
P. Bharatia, A. Chaudhury, An empirical investigation of decision-making
satisfaction in web-based decision support systems, Decision Support Systems,
37(2), 187-197, 2004.
Y.L. Zhao, J.T. Yao, Y.Y. Yao, “Data Mining Support Systems”, Proceedings of SPIE
Vol. #5433, Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery: Theory, Tools, and Technology
VI, 12-13 April 2004, Orlando, USA, edited by Belur V. Dasarathy, (SPIE,
Bellingham, WA, 2004), pp218-227.
J. T. Yao, Y.Y. Yao, “Web-based Information Retrieval Support Systems: building
research tools for scientists in the new information age ”, Proceedings of the
IEEE/WIC International Conference on Web Intelligence (WI'03), Halifax, Canada,
Oct 13-17, 2003, pp570-573.
H. Tang, Y. Wu, J.T. Yao, G.Y. Wang, Y. Y. Yao, “CUPTRSS: A Web-based
Research Support System”, Proceedings of the Workshop on Applications,
Products and Services of Web-based Support Systems (WSS03), Halifax, Canada,
Oct 13, 2003, pp21-28.
J. T. Yao, Y.Y. Yao, “Web-based Support Systems”, Proceedings of the Workshop
on Applications, Products and Services of Web-based Support Systems (WSS'03),
Halifax, Canada, Oct 13, 2003, pp1-5.
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WSS publications
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J. T. Yao, P. Lingras, Proceedings of the Workshop on Applications, Products and
Services of Web-based Support Systems (WSS'03), Halifax, Canada, Oct 13,
2003.
Y.Y. Yao, A Framework for Web-based Research Support Systems, Proceedings
of the 27th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference
(COMPSAC 2003), Dallas, USA, November 3-6, 2003, IEEE Computer Society
Press, 601-606.
Y.Y. Yao, Granular computing for the design of information retrieval support
systems, Information Retrieval and Clustering, Wu, W., Xiong, H. and Shekhar, S.
(Eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003, 299-329.
D. J Power, S. Kaparthi, Building Web-based decision support systems, Studies
in Informatics and Control, 11, 291-302, 2002.
Y.Y. Yao, Information retrieval support systems, FUZZ-IEEE'02 in The 2002 IEEE
World Congress on Computational Intelligence, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, May 1217, 2002, pp. 773-778.
K.R. Molenaar, A.D. Songer, Web-Based Decision Support Systems: Case Study
in Project Delivery, Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 15(4), 259-267,
2001.
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Web-based Support Systems
JingTao Yao
Department of Computer Science,
University of Regina
CANADA S4S 0A2
[email protected]
http://www2.cs.uregina.ca/~jtyao
Where is Regina?
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MapQuest: Dec 2006
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MapQuest: Aug 2007
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