Transcript SAP - UCF EECS

SOUTH AFRICA
POWER GENERATION
GROUP MEMBERS
Genesh
Chen-Shue
EE
Steven
Bularca
CS & CpE
Aldo
Puente
EE & CpE
Armel
Nidjeu
EE
MOTIVATION
•
Great need of electricity in the small
South African community of the
Pomolong Township, which is occupied
by the less fortunate people of South
Africa due to the aftereffects of
apartheid.
•
They are cut off from the rest of the
world because they do not have
electricity that will enable them to use
electronic devices such computers, cell
phones, and TVs.
•
Even if they could afford the cost of
power, the township is not close to the
power grid.
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
•
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Some of the sources that were considered were wind, hydro, solar, and
mechanical/kinetic energy.
The absolute most important objective is safety, because ensuring that the system is safe
protects lives and mitigates damages.
A major objective of this project is for the power generating system to be extremely
efficient, because the resources are scarce and utilizing every bit of energy gives the
townspeople more time to enjoy the electricity.
Keeping in mind the technology aptitude of the users, ease of use became an unavoidable
objective.
One of the objectives is to successfully capture as much sunlight energy as possible. This
will be done through a MPPT charge controller system.
Deep cycle batteries are what are planned to be implemented for the project, because
deep cycle batteries are made to be completely drained.
The inverter will take the power from the charged batteries in the form of a DC input.
desired.
A robust, weather resistant, and safe enclosure to keep the entire system secure is a
crucial part of the project.
PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS
Spec. #
Specification
1
Ability to capture 6 hour of solar energy by our 500 W solar panel system. Solar panels will
be two 300 W solar panel each which will be mounted on the roof of the community
center of township.
2
Must be able to power up to 500 W electronics for a period of 4 hours daily.
3
Must be robust, weatherproof, safe, long lasting, and easy to maintain.
4
There must be a gauge to measure battery charge.
5
Inverter must able to support an input of 12V and output 220V at ~50 Hz
6
Batteries must last at least 4 years. They will be placed in parallel making a 12V unit. Each
battery will be 12V.
7
Charge controller must implement MPPT for the solar energy capture.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ENERGY
•
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We chose to use renewable energy over
fossil or nuclear energy because the latter
resources were not obtainable
The renewable energy we chose to use was
solar because it was scalable and could
produce the most power given the
limitation of funding.
• Power for solar panels cost around 1-2
dollars per Watt. For example, 2 305W
Helios PV panels cost $752, making the
cost per watt for that particular panel $1.23
per Watt.
• South Africa Irradiation levels are high
•
The other renewable energy source that
was considered was wind, but based on
research, the cost for a wind turbine that
would generate enough power was out of
our budget range
TYPES OF SOLAR PANELS
Semiconductor Material
Power Conversion Efficiency [%]
Technology
Mono-crystalline silicon
20-24
Crystalline
Poly-crystalline silicon
13-18
Thick and
Thin-film
Gallium-arsenide
Amorphous silicon
20-29
8-13
Crystalline
Thin-film
Cadmium telluride
10-17
Thin-film
Cadmium indium
selenide
10-19
Thin-film
MONOCRYSTALLINE PANEL
CHOSEN
Brand
Model
Watts Cost
Height
Length
Cost PP
Cost PW
Helios
6T-250
250
$697.65
1,680 mm 990 mm $348.25
$1.39
ReneSola
Virtus
250
$431.92
1,640 mm 992 mm $215.96
$0.86
Suniva
OPT250-60-4-1B0 250
$775.75
1,653 mm 982 mm $387.88
$1.16
CHOSEN SOLAR PANEL AND
FRAME
CHARGE CONTROLLER
CHARGE CONTROLLER –
CONSIDERED CIRCUITS
555 Timer
TIBQ24650
TISM72442
NXP
MPT612
Input Volt.
Range
2-15 V
5-28 V
4.75-5.25 V 1.8 V
Max.
Operating
Temp.
70 C
125 C
105 C
150 C
Price
$0.75
$5.18
$8.89
$7.98
SOLAR PANEL VOLTAGE SENSOR
CIRCUIT
SOLAR PANEL CURRENT SENSOR
CIRCUIT
MPT612
BUCK-BOOST CONVERTER
POWER SUPPLY
JTAG/UART ADD ON BOARD
THE DC/AC INVERTER
INVERTER CONSIDERED
CIRCUITS
555 Timer
MSP430F2013QRSATEP
Input Volt.
Range
2-15 V
1.8-3.6
Max.
Operating
Temp.
70 C
125C
Price
$0.75
$2.93
SIGNAL GENERATION
H-BRIDGE
P-Channel
• P-channel devices have a higher
‘on’ resistance so there is greater
power loss
N-Channel
• N-channel device will require a
driver with a bootstrap capacitor
to generate the higher voltage
above the switching voltage of
230V to turn on the device
We decided to use IRFP260N-Channel MOSFETs, because efficiency was a stronger
factor than convenience.
OUTPUT FILTER
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System is filtered by an
RC Low Pass Filter
with:
 A 200V 1800uf
electrolytic
capacitor
 A Metalized
Polypropylene Film
Capacitor.
INVERTER OUTPUT
INVERTER PCB
We used Eagle for the PCB Design and Ordered the PCB
from Hackvana.com
TYPES OF DEEP CYCLE
BATTERIES
Flooded
Gel
AGM
Model
HRL12280WFR
UB-24
UB-GC2, 6V 225 Ah
Cost
$240
$325
$232
Performance
Safety
88%
charge/discharge
efficiency
Hazardous
90%
charge/discharge
efficiency
Hazardous
98%
charge/discharge
efficiency
Non-hazardous
Size
6V, 12V,24V
6V, 12V, 24V
6V, 12V, 24V
Availability
Easy to find
Internationally
Add water
Hard to Find
Internationally
No Maintenance
needed
Hard to Find
Internationally
No Maintenance
needed
Maintenance
BATTERY CONSIDERATIONS
We had to calculate the amount of charge capacity the batteries should hold
so we use
Peukert’s Law:
t=H(C/IH)^k
Peukert's Law expresses the capacity of a battery in terms of discharge rate,
where t is the total time to discharge the battery, k is the Peukert constant, I is
the discharge current, C is the rated capacity at the discharge rate, and H is
the rated discharge time.
We Calculated the proper Ah parameter to be around 75Ah.
Considering the different battery types, we decided on flooded batteries
because of the vast amounts available in the world. If the batteries needed to
be replaced, we wanted the option that is the easiest to replace while
maintaining a low cost.
BATTERIES
ENCASING
CABLE WIRE
USE 2 WIRE
RHH or RHW
Used for grounded
system
Rated at 600 v
Maximum operating
temperature is 90C
Conductor: copper,
aluminum, copper
glad- aluminum
Stranded or solid
conductor
Price .50/ft
PV wire
UL 4703
Used for both
undergrounded and
grounded system
Rated at up to 2000 v
Maximum operating
temperature150C
Conductor: copper
Stranded copper or
tinned copper
.58/ft
LOAD
WORK DISTRIBUTION
Name
Charge
Controller
Solar Panels Inverter
Batteries
Other
Steven
XXXXXX
X
XX
X
XX
Genesh
XX
XXXX
XXX
X
XXX
Aldo
XX
X
XXXXX
X
XXX
Armel
X
XX
XXX
XXXX
XX
BUDGET
Part
Vendor
Quantity Price ($)
250 Watt Solar Panel 72 Mono Crystalline Cells 36 Volt
76T250
Helios
2
700.00
12V 75Ah 280W Batteries
CSB
3
400.00
Charge Controller based on MPT612
N/A (Designed)
1
300.00
Modified Sine Wave Inverter
N/A (Designed)
1
100.00
Chassis and Weatherproofing
N/A (Designed)
1
200.00
Miscellaneous Electronic Components and Wires
N/A
N/A
295.00
Total
1995.00
ISSUES
• Charge Controller
•
Finding an Inductor that can handle the current
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Buck-Boost converter
• Inverter
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Boost Converter
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Isolation of power lines from control line
• Other Issues
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Ventilation of Batteries
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Sponsors
Questions?