Transcript NTUST-EE-2013S-Lectu.. - Computer Game Animation and

Electronics and Electrical Circuit
(電子電路)
Yu-Chi Lai 賴祐吉
E-Mail: [email protected]
Webpage: http://dgmm.pc-lab.csie.ntust.edu.tw/?ac1=faculty&id=508effcf55c45
Office: E1-222-3
Office Hour: Mon, 9:00AM ~ 11:00AM or by appointment
盧又豪
Office: E1-201-6
Administrations
• Web page:
http://dgmm.pc-lab.csie.ntust.edu.tw/?ac1=courdetail_CG2012F&id=5095e1e682b47
• Slides and assignments are online
• Thomas L. Floyd. Electronics Fundamentals: Circuits,
Devices, and Applications, 8th ed, Prentice Hall, Inc.,
2010(高立圖書代理)
Grading (approximate)
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45% in 3 Quizes
40% in 4 Projects.
15% class participation.
Everyone must write up their own project
Projects & Special Task
• There will be three projects for the course
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Project 1: Wheatstone bridge
Project 2: Series RCL time response
Project 3: Common-emitter circuit
Project 4: Next Page
• You must submit all three in order to pass the course
– This rule has never been waived
• You must write everything in C or C++.
• Project Due on Monday.
• TA will check whether you have copied the code from
others’ .
Project 4
• What is in this world about computer aid design in
electronics?
• Steps
– Pick up a professor from VLSI group in NTU EE
(http://www.ee.ntu.edu.tw/member.php?group=ICS_grp)
– Pick up one of his research topics.
• Report consists of three parts
– Find 3 research works in that topics and write an introduction of the work –
One for a page in 12 in font, single column and single space
– Find 3 company in that topics and write an introduction about the company’s
work in that field – One for a page in 12 in font, single column and single
space
– Find 3 job position in that topics and write an introduction about the
company’s work in that field – One for a page in 12 in font, single column
and single space
Rules
• You must write your own project.
• You must participate the class to get the 15% points
• You cannot copy codes from your classmates and your
friends who took this class before.
– If I find out, you will fail the class and face the penalty from school.
• The notes are in English.
09/16/2010
© 2010 NTUST
Why You are Here?
• The reason to choose this department
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Because you love programming?
Because you love computer?
Because you want to get a good job?
Because you did not get into electronics?
Because your parent want you be here?
Others
• Better to find out what you really want
– Programming?  CSIE
– Hardware?  EE and Electronics
– Others  Design, architecture, management…
• Programming, Programming and Programming!!!
09/16/2010
© 2010 NTUST
Progress of the Class
• First part – Yu-Chi Lai on Fundamental Circuitry.
– Two quizes, two projects
• Second part – Industrial instructor on Electronics
– One quizes, one projects
• Third part – You, report on CAD research, 10~15 minutes.
– Project 4
09/16/2010
© 2010 NTUST
Scientific and Engineering Notation
• Very large and very small numbers are represented with
scientific and engineering notation. Why??
47,000,000 = 4.7 x 107 (Scientific Notation)
= 47 x 106 (Engineering Notation)
Scientific and Engineering Notation
0.000 027 = 2.7 x 10-5 (Scientific Notation)
= 27 x 10-6 (Engineering Notation)
0.605 = 6.05 x 10-1 (Scientific Notation)
= 605 x 10-3 (Engineering Notation)
Metric Conversions
Metricin Conversions
• Numbers
scientific notation can
be entered in a scientific calculator
using the EE key.
• Most scientific calculators can be
placed in a mode that will
automatically convert any decimal
number entered into scientific
notation or engineering notation.
SI Funamdental Units
Quantity
Unit
length
mass
time
electric current
temperature
luminous intensity
amount of substance
meter
kilogram
second
ampere
Kelvin
candela
mole
Symbol
m
kg
s
A
K
cd
mol
Some Important Electrical Units
• Except for current, all electrical and magnetic units are derived
from the fundamental units. Current is a fundamental unit.
Quantity
Unit
current
charge
voltage
resistance
power
ampere
coulomb
volt
ohm
watt
Symbol
A
C
V
W
W
Engineering Metric Prefixes
P
• Can you
T
name the
G
prefixes and
their meaning?
M
k
peta
1015
tera
1012
giga
109
mega
106
kilo
103
Engineering Metric Prefixes
milli
10-3
• Can you
m
name the
n
prefixes and
their meaning?
p
micro
10-6
nano
10-9
pico
10-12
f
femto
10-15
m
Metric Conversions
• When converting from a larger unit to a smaller unit, move the
decimal point to the right. Remember, a smaller unit means the
number must be larger.
Smaller unit
0.47 MW = 470 kW
Larger number
Metric Conversions
• When converting from a smaller unit to a larger unit, move the
decimal point to the left. Remember, a larger unit means the
number must be smaller.
Larger unit
10,000 pF = 0.01 mF
Smaller number
Metric Arithmetic
• When adding or subtracting numbers with a metric prefix,
convert them to the same prefix first.
10,000 W + 22 kW =
10,000 W + 22,000 W = 32,000 W
Alternatively,
10 kW + 22 kW = 32 kW
Metric Arithmetic
• When adding or subtracting numbers with a metric prefix,
convert them to the same prefix first.
200 mA + 1.0 mA =
200 mA + 1,000 mA = 12,000 mA
Alternatively,
0.200 mA + 1.0 mA = 1.2 mA
Error, Accuracy and Precision
• Experimental uncertainty is part of all measurements. Error is
the difference between the true or best accepted value and the
measured value. Accuracy is an indication of the range of error
in a measurement. Precision is a measure of repeatability.
}
Error
Precise,
but not
accurate.
Significant Digits
• When reporting a measured value, one uncertain digit may be
retained but other uncertain digits should be discarded.
Normally this is the same number of digits as in the original
measurement.
Assume two measured quantities are 10.54
and 3.92. If the larger is divided by the
smaller, the answer is 2.69 because
the answer has the same uncertainty as the
original measurement.
More Examples on board about the precision
Significant Digits
• Rules for determining if a reported digit is significant are:
1. Nonzero digits are always considered to be significant.
2. Zeros to the left of the first nonzero digit are never
significant.
3. Zeros between nonzero digits are always significant.
4. Zeros to the right of the decimal point for a decimal number
are significant.
5. Zeros to the left of the decimal point with a whole number
may or may not be significant depending on the
measurement.
Rounding Numbers
• Rounding is the process of discarding meaningless digits. Rules
for rounding are:
1. If the digit dropped is greater than 5, increase the last retained
digit by 1.
2. If the digit dropped is less than 5, do not change the last
retained digit.
3. If the digit dropped is 5, increase the last retained digit if it
makes it even, otherwise do not. This is called the "round-toeven" rule.
Programming with C about rounding
Electrical Safety
• Safety is always a concern with electrical circuits. Knowing the
rules and maintaining a safe environment is everyone’s job. A
few important safety suggestions are:
• Do not work alone, or when you are drowsy.
• Do not wear conductive jewelry.
• Know the potential hazards of the equipment you are working
on; check equipment and power cords frequently.
• Avoid all contact with energized circuits; even low voltage
circuits.
• Maintain a clean workspace.
• Know the location of power shutoff and fire extinguishers.
• Don’t have food or drinks in the laboratory or work area.
Key Terms
Engineering A system for representing any number as a one-,
notation two-, or three-digit number times a power of ten
with an exponent that is a multiple of three.
Exponent The number to which a base is raised.
Metric prefix A symbol that is used to replace the power of
ten in numbers expressed in scientific or
engineering notation.
Power of ten A numerical representation consisting of a base
of 10 and an exponent; the number 10 raised to a
power.
Key Terms
Scientific A system for representing any number as a
notation number between 1 and 10 times a power of ten.
Accuracy An indication of the range of error in a
measurement.
Precision A measure of the repeatability (consistency) of
a series of measurements.
Significant A digit known to be correct in a number.
digit
Quiz
1. A number written as 2.59 x 107 is said to be in
a. scientific notation
b. engineering notation
c. both of the above
d. none of the above
Quiz
2. The electrical unit that is fundamental is the
a. volt
b. ohm
c. coulomb
d. ampere
Quiz
3. In scientific notation, the number 0.000 56 is written
a. 5.6 x 104
b. 5.6 x 10-4
c. 56 x 10-5
d. 560 x 10-6
Quiz
4. In engineering notation, the number 0.000 56 is written
a. 5.6 x 104
b. 5.6 x 10-4
c. 56 x 10-5
d. 560 x 10-6
Quiz
5. The metric prefix nano means
a. 10-3
b. 10-6
c. 10-9
d. 10-12
Quiz
6. The metric prefix pico means
a. 10-3
b. 10-6
c. 10-9
d. 10-12
Quiz
7. The number 2700 MW can be written
a. 2.7 TW
b. 2.7 GW
c. 2.7 kW
d. 2.7 mW
Quiz
8. The value 68 kW is equal to
a. 6.8 x 104 W
b. 68, 000 W
c. 0.068 MW
d. All of the above
Quiz
9. The sum of 330 mW + 1.5 W is
a. 331.5 mW
b. 3.35 W
c. 1.533 W
d. 1.83 W
Quiz
10. Precision is a measurement of
a. the total error in a series of measurements
b. the consistency of a series of measurements
c. both of the above
d. none of the above
Quiz
Answers:
1. a
6. d
2. d
7. b
3. b
8. d
4. d
9. d
5. c
10. b