Transcript 슬라이드 1
Transducers & General Applications Solutions by Industry Automotive & Off-road Braking systems, common fuel rail, fuel tank level, auto crash testing, car alarms, tire pressure, vehicular safety Medical Disposable blood pressure sensors, respirators, ventilators, sleep apnea, infusion pump, pacemaker, electronic stethoscope, renal and blood separation pressure sensors, ambulatory medical devices Commercial Building Air duct flow, elevator load detection Business & Retail Equipment Beverage dispensing, security protection, ATM banknote thickness, coin counting and validation Appliances Washing machine level and load imbalance, microwave food weight, touch-sensitive controls Solutions by Industry Traffic & Mass Transit Traffic counters, weigh-in-motion, toll collection, train brakes and controls Power & Utilities Tank liquid level, gas turbines, nuclear power plant controls, water purifiers, flow meters, power generation controls Industrial Machinery Manufacturing process controls, valve and flow controls, compressor output, paint sprayers, stamping machine load cells Consumer Electronics E-Pen digitizer, musical instrument pickups, pedometer, bathroom scale, directive speakers, sports scoring, parking meter Aerospace & Defense Flight controls, missile firing/guidance, fuel/oil pressure, air traffic avoidance, safe weapons firing, fence/perimeter security Application of micro-fused Sensors Pumps Compressors Railroad Diesel engines Paint sprayers Refrigeration Chillers Automotive Test equipment Fertilizer spraying Refrigeration Diesel engines Airless paint sprayers Sensor Technology (MEMS – IC Sensors) • Micro-Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) – MEMS design and simulation – Micromachining (Silicon and glass); wafer processing (strategic partnerships) – Packaging, test, calibration • Pressure Sensors – Die or packaged, absolute & gauge – Metal isolated (vacuum/oil filled) • Pressure Sensors Accelerometers – 1-2 axis; piezoresistive transduction – 3-layer structure (dampening, shock protection) • Development Efforts – Flow, Hydrogen, Humidity Sensors – Small, low G accelerometer Mass Accelerometer IC Sensors Application Disposable blood pressure Atomic force microscope Infusion pumps Sensor Technology • (Linear/Rotary Displacement) Linear Displacement: LVDT, LVIT, LCIT – Non-contact, electromagnetic device – Infinite resolution (sub-micron; 2 nm applications) – Excellent null repeatability – Rugged designs for harsh conditions – Variety of sizes (>1” to 12”) and options (AC/DC, high temp, compensation, etc.) – Standard or custom engineered – Gage heads and readout systems – Large installed base • Schaevitz Linear and Rotary Sensors Rotary Displacement: RVIT, RVDT, RSYN, R120LC – Non-contacting design means virtually infinite rotational life – Infinite resolution – 360 degree rotation – Variety of standard sizes and options or custom engineered Sensor Technology (Linear/Rotary Displacement) Industrial Actuators lifts Sub-sea Operations Wheel Alignment Sensor Technology • • (Piezoelectric Film) Piezoelectric Polymer Characteristics – Transmitter or receiver – Wide dynamic range (nano strain – 109 Newtons) – Broad frequency response (0.1 Hz – 100 MHz) – Die cut into any shape – Spun into cable – Patterned metallizations (electrodes, sputtering) – Flexible, robust, inert, biocompatible Applications – Electronic stethoscope – Ultrasonic pen digitizer – Anti-tamper sensor – Traffic cable (weigh-in-motion, speed, toll) – Security fencing/cable – Activity monitor – Vibration sensor (appliances, alarms) – Sonar – Dynamic impact load cell – Ultrasonic directional speakers – Microphones (musical instrument pickup) Piezo converts mechanical strain to voltage…and changes dimension with applied voltage PCMCIA Anti-tamper Panel Piezoelectric Sensor Application Remote reading water meter Traffic Vibration Sensor Technology • (Other Applications) Capacitive Tilt Sensors – Single and dual axis – 0.1 degree resolution – Temperature compensated • Fluid Level Sensor – Spring-mounted float produces readings through a Hall Effect device – Oil, transmission fluid for off-road vehicles • Dual-axis Tilt Sensor Duralith Keypads and Membrane Switches – Advanced graphics and durability – Applications include medical devices, point-of-sale, hand-held scanners, equipment control panels • Value-Added Assembly – Highly cost-competitive, one-stop approach – Housings and subassemblies for medical equipment consumer electronics, automotive components, etc. Disposable Blood Pressure Sensor Assembly What is PVDF? • Polyvinylidene Fluoride, PVF, PVDF • Chemical Makeup: CH2-CF2 Polymer Chain • Engineering Plastic Sold under the Trade Name, Kynar® – Rugged – Chemically Inert – Electrical Insulator • Uses: – – – – – Lining of Chemical Tanks/Pipes Wire Wrap Insulation Paints to Protect Steel Structures Capacitor Film “Unleaded Gasoline” Labels Manufacturing Piezofilm • High purity, electronics-grade PVDF resin pellets • Extrude to form relatively thick film • Stretch (draw ratio 5:1) to orient the film • Polarize under intense electric field (“poling”) - continuous corona process • Anneal to achieve temperature stability • Electrodes: screen-print or vacuum-metallize • Laminate if required • Die-cut, using steel-rule die • Lead-attachment Numerical Classification of Axes g31 -- stretch axis g32 -- transverse to stretch axis g33 -- thickness and polarization axis • • • • • • • • Dynamic transducer material - generates charge or voltage in response to change in stress or temperature Excellent linearity - charge/voltage is proportional to applied stress over very wide range Dynamic range: over 14 orders of magnitude (>280 dB) - from fC to mC, nV to kV High voltage sensitivity (20 x piezoceramic PZT) Very broad bandwidth: from mHz to GHz Low Q factor: can be < 1 in water, < 12 in air High dielectric strength: up to 100 V/micron flexible material, conforms to curved surfaces Frequency Response of Piezo Film 12 decade freq response of piezo film cryogenic tests particle sizing probe ink level switch u/s flowmeter limit of air u/s microscope small digitizers large-area digitizers ultra-high-speed vibration fence-mounted cable buried cable upper limit typical imbalance signals LLF of ACH-01 accelerometer LLF of ACH-04-08-05 accelerometer prototype accelerometer 1E-4 1E-2 1E0 1E4 1E2 Frequency (Hz) 1E6 1E8 1E10 Limitations of Piezo Film • Temperature limited to < 125 deg C in most applications • Piezo response varies over operating temperature band • Wide tolerance on absolute sensitivity, capacitance • Responds to all 3 axes simultaneously, and thermal events • Mechanical boundary conditions may influence output • Relatively low capacitance, therefore high impedance • May require careful shielding from EMI/RFI • Material may not be soldered directly, needs wire/crimps Equivalent Circuit of Piezo Film Piezo film can be modelled as a voltage source in series with a passive capacitance When connected to a resistive load, the network becomes a high-pass filter Interfacing to Piezo Film Charge preamplifier Charge preamplifier Applications of Piezo Film • Accelerometers • Actuators • Contact microphones • Flexible switches • Hydrophones • Impact/shock sensors • Motion sensors • PIR, pyroelectric or thermal sensors • Piezo cable • Traffic sensors • Ultrasonic transducers Applications • • • • • • • • • (Accelerometers) Calorie tracker Fence security sensor Gun recoil High-speed pump monitor Imbalance detection Leak detection (water transmission) Loudspeaker motional feedback Ultracentrifuge bearing monitor Vehicle motion detector Applications (Speaker Motional Feedback) Accelerometer on subwoofers of new monitors Each subwoofer is individually controlled, giving absolutely flat response to 20 Hz Applications (Contact Microphone) • Apnea sensors • Blood pressure cuff microphone • Coin validation sensor • Glass-break sensor • Guitar/acoustic instrument pick-up • Stethoscope sensor Applications (Acoustic Guitar Pick-up) Fishman Transducers produce high quality saddle-mounted pick-ups Pick-ups for guitars, mandolins, harps, pianos… Applications (Coin Validator) Small element of piezo film as a contact microphone Listening to the frequencies emitted by coins as they roll down a mechanism Fake coins have completely different acoustic “signature” Applications (Washing Machine Imbalance) LDTM-028K sensor (laminated element with added mass) as a simple accelerometer to detect load imbalance during spin cycle Applications (Ultrasonic Digitizers) • Electronic white boards; piezo film based air ranging ultrasound transducers • Retrofit market for 89 million existing white boards • Real time conference calls over the Internet Applications (Speakers) Mid-Range Surround Sound Speaker VOLTAGE APPLIED NO VOLTAGE APPLIED