Transcript Installation of a wind turbine INSTALLATION OF A WIND TURBINE

Installation of a wind turbine
INSTALLATION
OF A WIND TURBINE
AUTHOR: PASQUALE NASSO
TECHNICAL AND DIDACTIC COLLABORATION
LAURA BLUA, SERGIO BRERO, GIANCARLO GAZZOLA, PAOLO GERBALDO, FULVIO PASTORELLI, ELSA RABBIA, PIERANGELO SPERTINO, SERGIO VIGLIETTI
TECHNICAL CONSULTANCY
FRANCESCO MILANO, PIERO CARLOTTO, ALESSANDRO BOTTARO, DAVIDE MAZZUCCO, PASQUALE NASSO
TECHNICAL CONSULTANCY
ENEL DISTRIBUZIONE UNITÀ OPERATIVA ALTA TENSIONE ZONA DI CUNEO
PIERANGELO TUNINETTI, MAURO CAVARERO
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WIND ENERGY
WIND IS SOMETIMES PERCEIVED ONLY AS A LIGHT BREEZE,
BUT AT OTHER TIMES IT IS STRONG AND BLUSTERING.
IT ALWAYS POSSESSES IMMENSE ENERGY
AND IT SKIMS OVER THE SURFACE OF OUR PLANET WITH AN UNCONTROLLABLE FORCE.
THE DIFFERENT DISTRIBUTION OF SOLAR HEAT ON THE EARTH
PRODUCES AREAS OF HIGH AND LOW PRESSURE IN THE ATMOSPHERE.
THE MAIN PROCESS THAT GENERATES WIND IS THIS:
WHERE THERE’S MORE HEAT, THE AIR BECOMES LIGHTER AND LESS DENSE AND TENDS TO RISE,
WHILE IN THE UNDERLYING AREA THE PRESSURE DROPS.
THE SURROUNDING AIR THEN MOVES TOWARDS
THE EMPTYING AREA TO FILL IT: THIS IS HOW WIND IS CREATED.
SINCE ANCIENT TIMES MAN HAS TRIED TO EXPLOIT
THIS CLEAN, FREE, ALWAYS RENEWABLE ENERGY.
IN THIS CHAPTER WE WILL ILLUSTRATE ONE OF THE METHODS CREATED BY MAN
TO USE THIS FORM OF ENERGY CONVERTING IT TO ELECTRICITY.
IN THE NEXT SLIDES WE WILL FOLLOW STEP BY STEP THE INSTALLATION
OF A WIND TURBINE IN PIEDMONT ON THE COLLE DEL SAN BERNARDO,
IN THE COMUNE OF GARESSIO (CN).
IN THIS FIGURE THE PARTS
OF A WIND TURBINE TOWER
ARE SCHEMATICALLY REPRESENTED
BLADES
MULTIPLIER
TURBINES
-> AXIS WITH SLOW MOTION
-> FROM SLOW TO FAST MOTION
-> AXIS WITH FAST MOTION
IT PRODUCES ALTERNATING CURRENT (50 HZ)
TEMPORARY STORAGE OF THE WIND TURBINE
COMPONENTS READY TO BE TRANSPORTED
TO THE WIND SITE
EACH SEGMENT OF THE TOWER
IS 20 M LONG
20 M
INTERNAL FLANGES
THAT NEED TO BE BOLTED
THE SEGMENTS
ARE NUMBERED
FOR CORRECT ASSEMBLY
CROSS SECTION OF THE TOWER: EACH SEGMENT HAS
AN INTERNAL FLANGE THAT ALLOWS THEM
TO BE BOLTED TOGETHER TO FORM
A CONTINUOUS STRUCTURE
INTERNAL WIRING WITH POWER CABLES
THAT SUPPLY THE GENERATOR AND TRANSFER
THE ELECTRIC ENERGY PRODUCED BY THE ROTOR
THE BLADE IS 43,80 METRES LONG
43,80 M
ROTOR BLADE
BOLTS FOR ITS ATTACHMENT
TO THE MULTIPLIER
OVERSIZE LOAD TRUCK THAT WILL CARRY
THE TURBINE COMPONENTS TO THE SITE OF ASSEMBLY
THE TRANSPORTATION OF THE TOWER SEGMENTS
FROM THE STORAGE SITE TO THE WIND SITE BEGINS
BLADE LOADED ONTO THE TRUCK
READY TO BE TRANSPORTED TO A HIGHER ALTITUDE
BLADES STORED
IN THE STORAGE SITE
FURTHER DOWN
TRANSPORTATION OF THE BLADES
TO THE SITE OF ASSEMBLY COMPLETED
HUB: THE BLADES THAT “CAPTURE” THE WIND FORCE
WILL BE INSTALLED ON ITS THREE RADIAL AXES
THE HUB WILL BE ATTACHED
TO THIS FLANGE
BLADE ROTATION
MULTIPLIER
ARRIVAL OF THE MOBILE CRANE TO THE SITE:
GIVEN THE EXTRAORDINARY WEIGHT AND SIZE
OF THE VARIOUS ELEMENTS OF A WIND TURBINE,
THE USE OF THESE IMPRESSIVE LIFTING MACHINES
IS INDISPENSABLE
FOUNDATION BASE
WHERE THE FIRST SEGMENT OF THE TOWER
WILL BE FIXED
A TRANSFORMER THAT WILL INCREASE
THE VOLTAGE OF THE POWER
PRODUCED FROM 280 VOLTS TO 20.000 VOLTS
IS INSTALLED AT THE BASE OF THE TOWER
LIFTING PHASE OF THE FIRST SEGMENT OF THE TOWER
THAT WILL BE FIXED TO THE FOUNDATION BASE
POSITIONING THE FIRST SECTION
OF THE TOWER
THE TOWER BOLTED
TO THE REINFORCED CONCRETE BASE
INSTALLATION
OF THE SECOND SECTION
OF THE TOWER
INSTALLATION OF THE NACELLE
MANY OF THE WIND TURBINE COMPONENTS
THAT WILL CONVERT THE ENERGY PRODUCED BY WIND
WILL BE PLACED INSIDE THE NACELLE
INSTALLATION OF THE NACELLE
COMPLETED
THE NACELLE IS CONCEIVED SO THAT IT CAN BE POSITIONED
ACCORDING TO THE DIRECTION OF WIND
BY MEANS OF ELECTRICAL MOTORS
MULTIPLIER BEING LIFTED
BY THE MOBILE CRANE
THE MULTIPLIER HAS REACHED
ITS FINAL POSITION
PREPARING THE HUB
FOR INSTALLATION
THE HUB HAS REACHED THE HEIGHT REQUIRED
SO THAT IT CAN BE FIXED TO THE MULTIPLIER
PHASE OF THE LIFTING
OF THE BLADES
THE BLADES ARE VERY LONG AND IT IS NECESSARY
TO LIFT THEM WITH TWO MOBILE CRANES
SIMULTANEOUSLY IN ORDER TO BALANCE THEM
THE FIRST BLADE HAS BEEN ASSEMBLED.
WE CAN PROCEED WITH THE INSTALLATION
OF THE SECOND BLADE
BRINGING THE TWO PARTS
TOGETHER
INSTALLATION OF THE SECOND BLADE COMPLETED
THE TECHNICIANS’ OPINION ON HOW TO INSTALL THE SINGLE COMPONENTS
CAN CHANGE FROM ONE SITE TO ANOTHER. IN THIS CASE,
THANKS TO THE LARGE SPACE AVAILABLE, IT HAS BEEN DECIDED
TO ASSEMBLE THE THREE BLADES AT GROUND LEVEL
AND THEN LIFT THEM AS ONE PIECE
INSTALLATION
COMPLETED
ENEL POWER STATION
HIGH TENSION TOWER
IN ORDER TO MANAGE THE ENERGY
PRODUCED BY THE WIND TURBINES,
THE PRESENCE OF A POWER STATION
IN PROXIMITY OF THE WIND SITE IS NECESSARY
WIND TURBINES
ENEL POWER STATION
A SINGLE WIND TURBINE,
WHEN OPERATING AT FULL SPEED,
PRODUCES 2.500 KWH (KILOWATT HOUR)
THE WIND SITE WE ARE LOOKING AT
HAS FIVE UNITS AND PRODUCES 12.500 KWH IN TOTAL
2.500 KWH × 5 UNITS = 12.500 KWH
CONSIDERING THAT 3 KWH
ARE SUFFICIENT FOR THE DOMESTIC USE
IN A SINGLE HOME…
IT IS EASY TO CALCULATE
THAT 12.500 KWH : 3 KWH = 4.166
WE CAN THEREFORE AFFIRM THAT THE WIND SITE
WE ARE LOOKING AT, OPERATING AT FULL SPEED,
WILL SUPPLY 4.166 HOMES WITH CLEAN ENERGY
POWER AND NUMBER OF WIND TOWERS IN DIFFERENT REGIONS - 31ST DECEMBER 2008
Regions
Wind power in Mw
Wind towers
Val d'Aosta
0
0
Piemonte
12,5
6
Lombardia
0
0
Veneto
1,4
1
Trentino-Alto Adige
2,6
2
Friuli-V.Giulia
0
0
Emilia-Romagna
5,5
10
Toscana
41,8
28
Marche
0
0
Umbria
1,5
2
Lazio
9,0
15
Abruzzo
169,8
266
Molise
88,0
159
Campania
687,5
761
Puglia
945,8
893
Basilicata
209,6
165
Calabria
187,8
134
Sicilia
794,8
740
Sardegna
467,4
441
Total
3.736
3.640
END OF
PRESENTATION
* SOURCE: Aper, Gse e Lipu data processed by Coldiretti