Transcript Ch 9: Privacy and Security

computing
ESSENTIALS
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9
Privacy and
Security
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Inc..
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computing
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ESSENTIALS
Competencies
Negative effects
Privacy
Security
Ergonomics
Environment
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computing
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Negative Effects
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Effective implementation of technology
 Maximize positive effects
 Minimize negative effects
Significant concerns
 Privacy
 Security
 Ergonomics
 Environment
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computing
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Privacy
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Laws often do not keep up with technology
Ethics
 Standards of moral conduct
Computer ethics
 Guidelines for morally acceptable
computer use
• Privacy
• Property
• Accuracy
• Access
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Large Databases
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Information on citizens and consumers
compiled daily
 Banks, utilities, grocery stores
 Hospitals, doctor’s offices
 Government
Social Security Number
 Used for ID number on forms
Information resellers
 Contact data is valuable
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Information Without Consent
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Information collected and used without the
person’s knowledge
 Shopping habits, video rentals
 Medical records
 Banking transactions
Federal government
 Know Your Customer
 Total Information Awareness project
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Inaccurate Information
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Inaccurate data can be circulated
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Data propagation can spread mistakes to
other databases
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Laws can help
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Correct credit data
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Freedom of Information Act
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Private Networks
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Employers legally monitor email
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Snoopware used in 75% of
businesses
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Online services right to censor content
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Internet and Web
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Concerns about email privacy on Web
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Illusion of anonymity
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Browser records pages visited
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Cookies monitor
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Times and pages visited
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Other private information
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computing
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Cookies
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Programs that monitor Web activity
Traditional cookies
 Monitor activity at one site
 Dormant other times
Ad network cookies
 Spyware programs that record all Internet
activity
 Web bugs
Cookie-cutter programs
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Privacy Laws
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Mostly cover government usage, but not private
organizations
Some current laws
 Fair Credit Reporting Act (1970)
 Freedom of Information Act (1970)
 Right to Financial Privacy Act (1974)
 Computer Abuse Amendments Act (1994)
 No Electronic Theft (NET) Act (1997)
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Code of Fair Information
Practice
Response to information privacy concerns
 Not law, but adopted by many information
collecting businesses
• No secret
• Right to correct
databases
• Assurance of
• Right of individual
reliability and proper
access
use
• Right of consent
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Security
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Threats to computer systems include
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Viruses
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Electronic break-ins
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Natural and other hazards
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Terrorist activity
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Computer Criminals
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Employees
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Outside users
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“Hackers” and “crackers”
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Organized crime
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Terrorists
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Computer Crime
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Damage to computers, programs or files
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Viruses and worms
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Denial of Service attack
Theft
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Hardware, data, computer time
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Software piracy
Manipulation
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Other Hazards
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Other hazards to computer systems besides
criminal misuse
Natural hazards
 Earthquake, fire, floods, hurricanes
Civil strife
 War, riots
Technological failures
 Voltage surge, brownouts
Human error
 Data-entry, programming errors
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Security Measures
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Protecting information, hardware, software
Principle methods
 Encrypting messages
 Pretty Good Privacy
 Restricting access
 Passwords, firewalls
 Anticipating disasters
 Disaster recovery plan
 Backing up data
 In case other measures fail
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Security for Microcomputers
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Individuals should also implement security
Some basic procedures
 Avoid extreme conditions
 Clean and protect equipment
 Avoid viruses
 Virus protection software
 Guard computer
 Cable locks, marking equipment
 Guard programs and data
 Store media securely
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Ergonomics
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Study of human
factors related to
things people use
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Fitting the job to the
worker
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Improve productivity
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Health issues
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Physical health
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Mental health
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Physical Health
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Sitting in awkward position for long periods
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Eyestrain and headache
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Back and neck pain
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Repetitive strain injury (RSI)
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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
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Ideal Microcomputer Work
Environment
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Mental Health
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Technology can be counterproductive
 Noise
 Voice input/output
 Printers
 Cooling fans, equipment vibration
 Excessive monitoring
 Time of customer service calls
 Number of keystrokes
 Less is more
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Ergonomic Design
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Devices made with less features
 Simpler to use, setup
 Fewer buttons and lights
 Plug and Play
Adjustable equipment
 Chairs, footrests, lighting
Ergonomic devices
 Keyboards, mouse, glare screens
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The Environment
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Greatest user of electricity in workplace
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Energy Star program with Green PC
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System Unit
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Display
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Manufacturing
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A Look to the Future
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Presence Technology
 Currently used with Instant
Messaging software
 May spread to other devices
 Television
 Automobile
 PDAs, cell phones
Potential loss of privacy
 Abused by advertisers
 Abused by government
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ESSENTIALS
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