Transcript Plasma Basics (Power Point)

Start Basicse
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Plasmacutting
basics . . .
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2
Plasma the fourth state of matter
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Plasma Definition:
The ionization of gases causes the creation of free electrons
and positive ions among the gas atoms. When this occurs,
the gas becomes electrically conductive with current
carrying capabilities. Thus, it becomes a plasma.
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Plasma in Nature:
One example of plasma, as seen in nature, is lightning. Just
like a plasma torch, the lightning moves electricity from one
place to another. In lightning, gases in the air are the
ionization gases.
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5
Temperaturdifferences
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Plasmagas
Transferred Arc
(Cutting arc)
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Non transferred arc
(During ignition: Pilot)
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Electrode
Plasmagas
Nozzle
Work
Plasmatorch without gasswirl
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Plasmagas
Electrode
Nozzle
Plasmatorch with gasswirl
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9
Nozzle defect
Doublearcing causes angle deviation
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Werkstück
Hypertherm Plasmatorch with Shield-Technology
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Nozzlecopperpart
Nozzleceramicpart
Waterinjection Torch
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12
High Definition Torch
Higher current density
with double-nozzle and vent
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With the regular Swirl-Ring
the vertical side is rightseen in cutting direction.
Outside cuts are to be cut
then in clockwise direction
and inside cuts in
counterclockwise direction.
Cutting Direction
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Top edge rounding
Vertical cuts
Nitrogen:
No oxidation on stainless
steel and non-ferrous metals.
Some dross formation and
occurence of pores during
welding on mild steel
possible.
Oxygen:
On mild steel very likely no
dross and no pores.
Lower electrical power
needed. High electrode life
with the LongLife technology.
Nitrogen or Oxygen?
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15
Problem: Formation of pores
on welding of mild steel
Pores
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16
Number of pores on mild steel
with different plasma gases
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17
Torch to work
distance
To High
cut angle positive
reduce
Voltage / distance
Optimum
To Low
cut angle negative
increase
Voltage / distance
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Cutting Speed
To slow
long dross
Increase speed
Optimum
dross free
To fast
short, solid dross
Decrease speed
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LongLife®
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CoolCoreTM Cylindrical hollow Core
340 A HT4001® Oxygen Plasma
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21
The
Sequences
of Operation
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22
Torch ignition
Blow Back Technology
(Elektrode goes back)
Blow Forward Technology
(Nozzle goes forward)
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23
Gaspreflow(1)
A start signal is sent to the DC power supply. This
simultaneously activates the Open Circuit Voltage (OCV)
and the gas flow to the torch.
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High Voltage ignition(2)
After the gas flow stabilizes, a High Frequency circuit is
activated. The HF breaks down between the electrode and
the nozzle inside the torch and the arc causes the gas
passing through it to become ionized, visible as blue low
power sparks when there would be no DC power.
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25
Pilot arc(3)
This electrically conductive gas creates a current path
between the electrode and the nozzle and results in the
formation of a pilot arc, visible as bright white arc. The
power is limited to achieve a long nozzle life.
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Main (cutting) arc(4)
When the pilot arc is brought into contact with the
workpiece, it will attach to the workpiece. The Plasma arc
melts the metal, and the high velocity gas removes the
molten material. The main arc can have full power.
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Hypertherm worldwide Leader
in Plasma Cutting Technology
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Application of
Plasma Cutting
Vehicles
Apparatus
Ship Building
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Air Conditioning
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150 mm
1 mm
Mechanized Systems
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Legend : Gases
Legend : Operative Range
Air
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Argon-H2
Maximum Range
Optimal Range
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System - Material Thickness
0 mm
5 mm
10 mm 15 mm
20 mm 25 mm
50 mm
100 mm
MAX100®
MAX100D®
MAX200®
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System - Thickness
0 mm
5 mm
10 mm 15 mm
20 mm 25 mm
50 mm
100 mm
HT2000®
HT4001®
PAC500
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System - Thickness
0 mm
5 mm
10 mm 15 mm
20 mm 25 mm
50 mm
100 mm
HD3070
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Plasma Cutting in the Future
- Higher cut quality
- Better productivity
- More automation
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EndBasicse
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