Transcript nfpa_70e-dmms-short - IDEAL INDUSTRIES, INC.

NFPA 70E and
Test Equipment
UL61010-1
© 2007 Ideal Industries
www.idealindustries.com
NFPA 70e and Test Equipment
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NFPA 70E and The Use of Test
Equipment
General Safety Training and Requirements
Using Test Equipment,
Relationship of NFPA 70E and IEC, UL
61010B-1
Insulated Tool
Lock-0ut Tag-Out
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NFPA 70e and Test Equipment
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Meters and Safety in the
workplace
• Article 110: (A) Training Shall apply to
employees who face risk of electrical hazards
– Persons shall be trained in safety related work
practices and procedures
– A person should be able to identify and understand the
relationship between the electrical hazards and
possible energy.
• 110 Qualified Personal
• 110 6.(D)(1)( C) Proper Skills and Cognitive abilities to
know the hazards and use proper Personal Protective
Equipment.
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Why?
•
Two electricians are severely
burned — one fatally — while
testing for voltage in a motor
starter. One held the multimeter
while the other applied the
meter's probes to energized
terminals. One electrician's
movement caused one test lead
banana plug (energized from the
circuit under test) to pull loose
from the multimeter jack.
– The plug made contact with
the starter's grounded metal
enclosure and initiated a
high-energy arc.
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Meters and Safety in the
workplace
• 110 6.(D) (1) (a) Persons
shall be familiar with the
proper use of special
precautionary techniques
– Personal Protection
Equipment (PPE)
• Arc Flash, insulating
and shielding materials
• Insulated tools
• Test equipment
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Meters and Safety in the
workplace
• 110.7 An employer shall implement an overall
electrical safety program that directs the activities
of employees when exposed to electrical hazards
or risk.
– (E) Electrical safety program shall identify the procedure for
working on or near live parts >50 Volts
– (F) A procedure for evaluating hazard and risk associated
with work on or near live parts operating above 50 volts,
where an electrical hazard exists, before work can be started.
• The decision to work on energized circuits should be in
accordance with guidelines as specified in Article 130.1 (A)
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Ratings for Test Equipment
• 110.9 (1)Test instrumentation, equipment
and associated accessories must be rated
for the circuits and equipment to which
they will be connected.
– IEC or UL 61010 Category ratings
– Test equipment must be selected based on the intended use
and expected voltage or current ratings.
– Cost should not be a part of the equation.
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Ratings for Test Equipment
• International Electro-technical Commission or
IEC
– IEC 61010 requires an instrument provide protection
against “over-voltage impulse transients” - voltage
spikes.
– Electric Shock or burns
– Mechanical hazards
– IEC 61010 is the basis for:
•
•
•
•
ANSI/ISA-S82.01-94 (US)
CAN C22.2 No. 1010.1-92 (CAN)
EN61010-1:1993 (EUR)
UL-61010B-1
© 2007 Ideal Industries
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61010B-1 incorporates features
of the IEC 601010 standard, but
this standard has improved
safety benefits over the old
UL384 and UL1244 standard
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Ratings for Test Equipment
• High Voltage transients come
from lightning, large inductive
loads being switched on and
off, or capacitive discharge
– If a lighting strike was to hit
your electrical service a
certain amount of energy or
impulse would travel and be
dissipated by the electrical
service.
– The closer to the source of the
impulse the Higher available
fault current.
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NFPA 70e and Test Equipment
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Impulse Fault
– The closer to the source of the impulse the Higher available
fault current.
– If an instrument was to be hit by an impulse and a fault
condition was to occur the Available energy “Fuels” the Fault.
– Lets use the example of water or water pressure.
– The larger the pipe the Greater the potential
– The closer to the supply the Greater the potential
Faucet with
½ inch
supply line
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Fireman
with a 4 inch
hose
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Ratings for Test Equipment
• Rating on input protection on
Test instruments and Equipment
are in order of potential
available energy. The closer you
are to the source the Higher the
Category rating of the
equipment
• IEC 61010 breaks energy rating
down to four Categories:
–
–
–
–
CAT IV Origin of installation,
CAT III Distribution Level,
CAT II Local level,
CAT I Signal Level,
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NFPA 70e and Test Equipment
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Ratings for Test Equipment
What “Voltage” In the Rating Really means
• Voltage rating by
itself can be
misleading.
– CAT III-1000V (8kV
transient) is safer than
CAT III-600V (6kV
transient)
– But CAT III-600V is safer
than CAT II-1000V
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CAT III-600V or CAT II-1000V?
The greater the source impedance,
the lower the Category:
•
•
CAT III-600V:
– 6 kV impulse
– 2 Ohm test source
CAT II-1000V:
– 6 kV impulse
– 12 Ohm test source
A CAT III-600V 6kV test
impulse has 6 times the
current of a CAT II-1000V
6kV test impulse!
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Certified Devices and
Equipment
• Pay close attention to the
safety rating on the
equipment.
– Never use equipment that is not
properly rated [110.9 (1)]
• Look for tools that are
Certificated by an
independent lab,
– UL , IEC, CSA.
• Never use accessories that are
not recommended or rated for
your tester or environment.
© 2007 Ideal Industries
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NFPA 70e and Test Equipment
IEC Cat ratings
The New UL 61010B-1
standard incorporates
features of the IEC 601010
standard. This standard has
improved safety benefits over
the old UL 1244 standard
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Basics of DMM
• Basics of DMM Safety
– Covers Safety standards,
– Most Common Mistakes made
– Visual Inspection of Tester and Accessories
• Basics of Meters
– Basic understanding of How a meter work
• Range and Resolution
• Symbolic and Numerical Values
• Proper usage
• Advance Meter Training.
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Basics of Ground
Basics of Insulation
• Basics Grounding Measurements
–
–
–
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Safety first
Fall of Potential
Slope
New Technology,
• Clamp on Ground Testers.
• Basics of Insulation
– Safety First
– Proper testing
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Example, Visual Inspection
• 110.9 (3) Visually Inspect Equipment and
all associated accessories for defect and
damage.
– If an instrument or equipment show any signs
of damage it most be removed from service.
– Equipment may not be returned to service
until it is properly repaired or replaced.
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Example, Visual Inspection
• 110.9 (3) Visually Inspect Equipment
and all associated accessories for
defect and damage.
• Check for any contaminate on the test leads,
tester case, holsters, and accessories.
• Never use testers that has signs of cracked
case, contaminants, loose or defective
components.
– Most defects are the result of normal wear
around input connectors or terminals, function
switches and controls.
– Operational defects may not be so easily
detected through a visual inspections.
• Low Batteries, Defective leads, fuses and
etc.
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Example, Visually Inspection
• Visually inspect Test Leads
– An easy test for testing leads is to use the meter’s ohms
function.
– Short the leads and move the wire around the input connectors
and lead grips.
– If the meter reads < 0.3 ohms leads should be OK, if > 0.5
ohms leads may need to be replace.
• Some users are now using Fused lead. You may only need
to change a fuse.
– Check for the following.
• Insulation not damaged: melted or discolored, cut,
cracked, or stretched
• Connectors: no insulation pulled away from end
connectors
• Probe tips: arc burns, loose or broken
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Common Mistakes Made
•
•
•
Parallel voltage measurement with leads
in the current inputs. What will happen
and why!
Switch in the wrong function OHMS or
Capacitance and meter is attached to
>50 voltage
– Most meters are protected but did
the user understand why the erratic
readings.
Does the user understand the symbolic
or nomenclatures in the display. Can he
use all and understand the features and
function of the instruments.
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Ideal 61-490 series give a probe error
message and High audible warning if this
mistake to done.
NFPA 70e and Test Equipment
Ideal 61-700 series will give you a
Hi-V indicator and audible warning
if you make this Mistake
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Safe Condition does not exist.
• 120.1 An electrical safe condition does not exist
until the following conditions are met.
–
–
–
–
All possible sources are Identified
Isolate loads, open disconnect devices for each load
If possible, visually verify disconnect devices
Apply lockout/Tag-out devices in accordance to documented procedures
or practices
– Use properly rated Voltage Detection device to test Phase conductor or
parts.
• Measure both phase to phase and phase to ground.
• Use the three point measurement method
– Measure a know source first, the unknown, then back to the
known
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Safe Condition does not exist.
• 120.1(cont.) An electrical safe condition does not
exist until the following conditions are met.
– When there is a possibility of inducted or stored energy
present ground the phase conductors
• When it could be possible that a de-energized circuit come in
contact with a energized circuit use grounding connection
devices rated for the possible available fault.
• Refer to 120.1 for an approved grounding connector..
– Induced (Ghost) Voltage conditions are cause by
inductive ( or Capacitive) voltage into conductors in close
proximity to other conductors.
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Safe Condition does not exist.
• Induced Voltage conditions can be tricky
to detect.
• The input impedance of most Digital
Multimeters are in the range of 10 MegOhm
• This impedance is not sufficient to
dissipate induced or what is sometimes
call Ghost voltage.
• Low impedance testers or solenoid
testers are very useful when testing were
induced energy may be a problem.
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Lockout/Tag-out
•
120.2 Establishes the requirement for
the implementation for Lockout/Tag-out
procedures
– This is to ensure that when hazardous
energy is removed that there is a
controlled process that insures this state.
– That there is a method to verify the
absence of voltage using and approved
voltage testing device.
– The employer shall provide training as
required to ensure employees
understand all aspects of the
Lockout/Tag-out procedures.
• 120.2(E)(2) Employer must provide
the necessary equipment to
implement the requirements of
lockout/tag out procedure.
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Lockout/Tag-out
• 120.2(F) The employer must
implement lockout/tag-out
procedures for the company in
accordance with and including
elements and requirements as
defined in article 120.
– Many world class companies already have
LO/TO programs in place
– IDEAL conducts review Lock-out/Tag out
seminars at distributors and at end user sites.
– Training instruction material is also available
if the end user wants adapt to current safety
programs already in existence.
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Testing
• 120.2(F)(2)(f) Testing procedures shall establish the
following.
– The testing device
• Who will use the testing device
– The boundary of the safe zone established by the
Lockout/tag-out
– Requirements for testing a conductor before it is touched
– Retesting if conditions change or job location has been
left unattended.
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Approach Boundaries to Live
parts
130.2(A) Shock hazards
analysis shall determine level
personnel are exposed to
hazards, and assess boundary
Limits and requirements for
PPE.
– Defined to four different approach
boundaries.
• Limited Boundary
• Restricted Boundary
• Prohibited Boundary
• Flash protection Boundary
– Approach boundaries are defended
in Table 130.2 ( C)
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Approach Boundaries to Live
parts
• 130.4 Test instrument
and equipment use.
• Only Qualified Person shall
perform testing work on or
near live parts operating at
>50 volts [110 6.(D) (1) (c )]
• Each person should be
training to understand how to
use specified test instruments
and equipment
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Personal and other Protective
Equipment
• 130.7 (A) Personal and Other Protective
Equipment
– Employee working in areas where there
are electrical hazards shall be provided
with, and shall use, protective equipment
that is designed and constructed for the
specific part of the body to be protected
and for the work to be performed.
• Ideal offers Training programs on
many of its tools and other testers
– Cut, Strip Terminate and Test with Data
communications products.
– Hand tool Hand Books
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Insulated Tool and Equipment
• 130.7(D)(1) Insulated Tools and Equipment.
Employees shall use insulated tools and/or handling
equipment when working inside the limited approach
boundary of live parts where tools or handling equipment
might make accidental contact. Insulated tools shall be
protected from damage to the insulating material.
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OSHA Qualified Workers
• § 1926.416 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7-1-94 Edition)
(g) Use of Equipment. (1) Work on energized equipment. Only
qualified persons may work on electrical circuit parts or
equipment that have not been de-energized under the
procedures or paragraph (b) of this section. Such persons shall
be capable of working safely on energized circuits and shall be
familiar with the proper use of special precautionary
techniques, personal protective equipment, insulating and
shielding materials, and insulated tools. (OSHA Standard)
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OSHA Protection Safeguards
• § 1910.335 Safeguards for personal
protection:
(a) Use of protective equipment.(1) Personal protective
equipment.(i) Employees working in areas where there are
potential electrical hazards shall be provided with, and shall
use, electrical protective equipment that is appropriate for
the specific parts of the body to be protected and for the
work to be performed.
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Interpreting OSHA
• Official Interpretation From OSHA Officials:
Insulated hand tools (which conform to IEC 900 and ASTM
F1505 standards) rated for the voltage involved would be
considered insulation of the person from the energized part on
which work is being performed. Generally, those tools which
have a max. rated voltage of 1,000 volts for AC applications and
1,500 volts for DC applications would be suitable for work
covered under the provisions of 29 CFR 1910 Subpart S.
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How Do You Know?
• Look For the Signs
– Double Triangle (IEC, EN, & ASTM)
– “1000V” (all standards)
– UL, VDE, Gs
• European mark that provides proof that
an independent testing house has tested
and certified that a product meets a
safety standard (like DIN or IEC). VDE
tests to GS automatically
– Permanent marking
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Maintenance
• 250.1 Maintenance requirements for personal
safety and protective equipment as listed must be
maintained in accordance with the manufacturers
recommendations or listing
• 250.2 Inspection and testing of protection
equipment and protections tools
– Visual inspection for damage or defects before use and
intervals as required, but not to exceed 1 year.
– Shall be verified by appropriate testing, at acceptable
interval, to acceptable standards or practices, to insure
proper operation.
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When Safety Matters,
Choose IDEAL
• Meets all applicable standards &
regulations
– Tools and Testers are UL Classified
– Tools and Lock-out Tag-out Meets
OSHA and other Requirements
– Tools and Meters Complies with IEC
UL and etc.
– , ASTM, VDE, etc.with tools
• Consistent Professional Quality
• Sales support & Customer Service
• Lifetime Guarantee
© 2007 Ideal Industries
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Thank you
Ideal Industries, Inc
Test and Measurement Division
1 Becker Place
Sycamore, Il 60178
(800) 435-0705
You may want to refer to the Following
•
•
•
•
•
NFPA 70E 2004, Handbook for electrical safety in the workplace.
ANSI C62.41 - IEEE Recommended Practice on Surge Voltages
IEC 60101
UL 601010B
Case histories come from an IEEE paper entitled “Personnel
Safety and Plant Reliability Considerations in the Selection and
Use of Voltage Test Instruments,” (IEEE Transactions on
Industry Applications, Vol. 33, No. 2, March/April
1997),written by H. Landis Floyd II and Brian J. Nenninger.
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