Transcript 1st Lecture Note

DET 309
POWER ELECTRONICS
COURSE OUTLINE
4/3/2016
1
LECTURERS
o Mr. Mohammad Faridun Naim bin
Tajuddin
e-mail: [email protected]
Room: 1. KKF 2,Seberang Ramai, Kuala Perlis.
2. KKF 10A, Tmn Kuala Perlis, Kuala
Perlis.
TEACHING ENGINEER
o Mr. Mohammad Faridun Naim bin
Tajuddin
4/3/2016
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Course Synopsis
• This course will introduce the students to the power
electronics converters. Firstly, students will be
introduced to the power electronics concept and
power semiconductor devices. Then types of
converters and their circuit implementation such as
AC-DC, AC-AC and DC-DC will be introduced to the
students. Furthermore, students also will be exposed
to the circuit and waveforms analysis for each
converters. Lastly students will be introduced to the
application of power electronics converters as motor
drives.
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Course Contents
Week 1 & 2
Chapter 1: Power Electronics Concept
•
DESCRIBE the power electronics concept as
power conversion.
• DESCRIBE the application of power electronics.
• DESCRIBE and CALCULATE peak value, rms
value and average value.
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Course Contents
Week 3 & 4
Chapter 2: Power Semiconductor Devices
•
DESCRIBE the operation and characteristics
Power Diodes or Rectifiers.
•
DESCRIBE the operation and characteristics
Thyristor such as SCR, Diac and Triac.
•
DESCRIBE the operation and characteristics
Power Mosfet
•
DISCUSS the controller circuit requirement
Thyristors and Mosfet and circuit implementation.
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of
of
of
for
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Course Contents
Week 5, 6, 7 & 8
Chapter 3: AC-DC Converters
• DESCRIBE the operation of Half-wave rectifier and Fullwave rectifier by using Power Diodes.
• DESCRIBE the operation of Controlled Half-wave rectifier
and Full-wave rectifier by using Thyristors.
• CALCULATE and SOLVE problems related to the operation
of Half-wave rectifier and Full-wave rectifier for both
controlled and uncontrolled circuit.
• ANALYZE the waveforms of Half-wave rectifier and Fullwave rectifier for both controlled and uncontrolled circuit
•
ANALYZE the effect of R Load, R-L Load and
implementation of Free-wheeling diodes
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Course Contents
Week 8 & 9
Chapter 4: AC-AC Converters
•
DESCRIBE and COMPARE method of controlling AC
Voltages such as Phase Angle Control, Integral Cycle Control
etc and also circuit implementation.
•
DESCRIBE and COMPARE the operation of AC Voltage
Controller by using SCR, Diac and Triac .
• CALCULATE and SOLVE problems related to the operation
of AC Voltage Controller.'
• ANALYZE the waveforms of AC Voltage Controller for R
Load and R-L Load.
• DISCUSS and ANALYZE the effect of snubber circuit.
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Course Contents
Week 10, 11 & 12
Chapter 5: DC-DC Converter
• DESCRIBE the principles of DC-DC Converters by using
switch mode.
•
DESCRIBE types of DC-DC Converters such as Buck,
Boost and Buck-Boost, their operation and circuit
implementation.
• CALCULATE and SOLVE problems related to the operation
of DC-DC Converters.
• DESCRIBE the effect of the inductor value to the Continous
Conduction Mode (CCM) and Discontinues Conduction Mode
(DCM)
• ANALYZE the waveforms of Buck, Boost and Buck-Boost
Converters and COMPARE between CCM and DCM .
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Course Contents
Week 13 & 14
Chapter 6: Power Electronics Converters as Motor
Drives
•
DESCRIBE the operation and characteristics of AC
Motor and DC Motor.
•
DESCRIBE and COMPARE methods of controlling
speed of AC Motor and DC Motor by using power
semiconductor devices.
•
CALCULATE and SOLVE problems related to the
controlling speed of AC Motor and DC Motor
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Course Contents
Week 15 & 16
STUDY WEEK (REVISION)
Week 17
FINAL EXAM
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Course Contents
Laboratory
o 4 lab experiments – 3rd week
o 1 Lab Test
o 1 Mini Project a) Software & Hardware
b) Report & Presentation
Tests & Quizzes
o 2 Tests on 8th & 14th week
o Quiz - anytime
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Course Evaluation
Final Examination – 50%
Course works – 50%
o Tests & Quizzes 10 %
o Lab experiments 10 %
o Lab Test
5%
o 1 Mini Project a) Software
b) Hardware
c) Report & Presentation
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5%
10 %
10 %
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List of Textbooks &
References
Textbooks
1. Mohan, Undeland, Robbins. (2002). Power Electronics:
Converters, Application. 3rd ed. John Wiley & Sons.
2. Hart. Daniel W. (1997). Introduction to Power Electronics.
Prentice Hall.
References
1. Muhammad H. Rashid. (2004). Power Electronics: Circuit
Devices & Application. 3rd ed. Pearson-Prentice Hall.
2. Theodore Wildi. (2006). Electrical Machines, Drives & Power
Systems. 6th ed. Prentice Hall.
3. Krein. Philip T. (1998). Elements of Power Electronics. Oxford
University Press.
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DET 309
POWER ELECTRONICS
1. POWER ELECTRONICS
CONCEPT
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definition OF POWER
ELECTRONICs
o The task of power electronics is to process and control the flow of
electric energy by supplying voltages and currents in a form that is
optimally suited for user loads.
Input Power
vs , is
Source
Output Power
Power
Processor
vo , io
Load
Measurement
Controller
Reference
Figure 1.1: Block diagram of a power electronic system.
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definition OF POWER
ELECTRONICS…cont.
o PE is an interdisciplinary field:
POWER
ELECTRONICS
Circuits, Magnetic,
Power
semiconductors
ELECTRONICS
& DEVICES
Figure 1.2: Control, energy, and power electronics are related.
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Power Electronics Systems
o To convert electrical energy from one form to another, i.e.
from the source to load with:
Highest efficiency,
Highest availability
Highest reliability
Lowest cost,
Smallest size
Least weight.
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Power Electronics
Applications
Static Applications
o Involves non-rotating or moving mechanical components
Examples
1. Switch-mode (dc) power supplies and uninterruptible power supplies. Advances in
microelectronics fabrication technology have led to the development of computers,
communication equipment, and consumer electronics, all of which require regulated dc
power supplies and often uninterruptible power supplies.
2. Electro-technical applications.
These include equipment for welding, electroplating, and induction heating.
3. Utility-related applications.
One such application is in transmission of power over high-voltage dc (HVDC) lines. At the
sending end of the transmission line, line-frequency voltages and currents are converted
into dc. This dc is converted back into the line-frequency ac at the receiving end of the line.
Power electronics is also beginning to play a significant role as electric utilities attempt to
utilize the existing transmission network to a higher capacity. Potentially, a large application
is in the interconnection of photovoltaic and wind-electric systems to the utility grid.
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Power Electronics
Applications
Drive Applications
o Intimately contains moving or rotating components such as
motors.
Examples
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Electric trains
Electric vehicles
Air-conditioning System
Pumps, Compressor
Conveyer Belt (Factory automation).
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Application Examples
Static Application
DC Power Supply
AC Line
voltage
Diode Rectifier
DC-DC Converter
Filter
AC
DC
LOAD
DC
DC
1 or 3
Figure 1.3: DC Power Supply System
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Application Examples
Drive Application
Motor Driven Pump
Conventional Drive
Adjustable Speed Drive
o In a conventional pump system, the pump operates at essentially a constant speed,
and the pump flow rate is controlled by adjusting the position of the throttling valve.
o This procedure results in significant power loss across the valve at reduced flow rates
where the power drawn from the utility remains essentially the same as at the full flow
rate.
o This power loss is eliminated in the system of Adjustable Speed Drive, where an
adjustable-speed motor drive adjusts the pump speed to a level appropriate to deliver the
desired flow rate.
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Power Processor
For a systematic study of power electronics, it is useful to categorize the
power processors, shown in the block diagram of Fig. 1.1, in terms of their
input and output form or frequency. In most power electronic systems, the
input is from the electric utility source. Depending on the application, the
output to the load may have any of the following forms:
1. DC
(a) regulated (constant) magnitude
(b) adjustable magnitude
2. AC
(a) constant frequency, adjustable magnitude
(b) adjustable frequency and adjustable magnitude
o The utility and the AC load, independent of each other, may be single
phase or three phase.
o The power flow is generally from the utility input to the output load.
o There are exceptions, however. For example, in a photovoltaic system
interfaced with the utility grid, the power flow is from the photovoltaics
(a DC input source) to the AC utility (as the output load).
o In some systems the direction of power flow is reversible, depending on
the operating conditions.
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Power Converters
o The power processors of Fig. 1.1 usually consist of more than one power
conversion stage (as shown in Fig. 1.3) where the operation of these stages is
decoupled on an instantaneous basis by means of energy storage elements
such as capacitors and inductors.
o Therefore, the instantaneous power input does not have to equal the
instantaneous power output. We will refer to each power conversion stage as a
converter.
o Thus, a converter is a basic module (building block) of power electronic
systems.
o It utilizes power semiconductor devices controlled by signal electronics
(integrated circuits) and possibly energy storage elements such as inductors
and capacitors.
Energy Storage
Elements
Input
Output
Converter 1
Converter 2
Figure 1.4: Power Processor Block Diagram
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Power Converters…cont.
Converters can be divided into the following broad categories:
AC
Input
Rectifier
AC
DC
output
DC-DC Converter
DC
AC
output
LOAD
DC
DC
AC
DC-AC Inverter
AC-DC Rectifier
DC
input
Filter
Inverter
DC
Input
DC
output
DC
DC-DC Chopper
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Current issues
1. Energy scenario
o Need to reduce dependence on fossil fuel
– coal, natural gas, oil, and nuclear power resource
Depletion of these sources is expected.
o Tap renewable energy resources:
– solar, wind, fuel-cell, ocean-wave
o Energy saving by PE applications. Examples:
– Variable speed compressor air-conditioning system:
30% savings compared to thermostat-controlled
system.
– Lighting using electronics ballast boost efficiency of
fluorescent lamp by 20%.
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Current issues…cont.
2. Environment issues
o Nuclear safety.
– Nuclear plants remain radioactive for thousands of
years.
o Burning of fossil fuel
– emits gases such as CO2, CO (oil burning), SO2, NOX
(coal burning) etc.
– Creates global warming (green house effect), acid rain
and urban pollution from smokes.
o Possible Solutions by application of PE. Examples:
– Renewable energy resources.
– Centralization of power stations to remote non-urban
area. (mitigation).
– Electric vehicles.
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Power Electronics
growth
PE rapid growth due to:
o Advances in power (semiconductor) switches
o Advances in microelectronics (DSP, VLSI,
o Microprocessor/microcontroller
o New ideas in control algorithms
o Demand for new applications
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