Transcript Final Presentation

Group 2: Parking Garage Monitoring System
(PGMS)
From left to right :
 Matt Downes
 Stephen Osborn
 Pawanjit S. Chawla
 Anup R. Daniel
• Noticed inefficiency in finding parking
spaces in large facilities
• Lack of information regarding parking spot
vacancies
• Thought of a solution to this problem by
allowing people to check vacant parking
spots via the web
• Detection of vehicle occupancy by
implementing a parking monitoring system
• Ultrasonic sensors detect presence of
vehicles
• Atmel and multiplexers used to group
thirty-two sensors to one transmission
point
• RF transmitters and receivers used to
send/receive data
• Rabbit 3010 module used to process the
information from multiple RF receivers.
• Web server used to display vehicle
occupancy information
• A web enabled wireless device allows a
person to find the closest parking space
• Project consists of 4 modules
– Sensor Module
– Transmitter Module
– Receiver Module
– Base Station Module
• Sensor Module
– Consists of ultrasonic
sensor SRF04
– Used to detect the
presence of vehicles
– Connection via RJ-45
jack
• Power, ground and ping
are received
• Echo is returned
• Transmitter Module, comprised of :
– Atmel ATmega8515L
• Controls the mux/demux for the ping/echo
• Stores echo information to determine when to
transmit
• When transmission is needed, outputs information
via the USART
– Linx TXM-433-LC RF Transmitter
• Receives data from the USART
• Transmits to receiver module
• Transmitter Module
– Connected via RJ-45
to sensor module
• Receiver Module
– Consists of Linx RXM433-LC RF Receiver
• Constantly receiving
data
• Connects via RJ-45
module to the base
station module
 Sends data and
ground to the base
station module
• Base station module
– Consists of rabbit
RCM 3010
• Receives data from
receiver module via RJ45
• Determines if valid data
has been received
– Displays the valid
data on the web page
– If invalid data is
received, the rabbit
ignores it
• Web server
– Displays parking information
• Outputs the total spots in the garage
• Outputs the used spots in the garage
SRF04
Ultrasonic
Sensors
TRANSMISSION CELL
SELECT LINE
M
U
X
Receivern
Linx TXM-433-LC
RF Transmitter
Receiver…
Receiver2
Linx RXM-433-LC
RF Receiver1
PING
ATMEL
ECHO ATmega8515L
RABBIT
RCM 3010
D
E
M
U
X
SELECT LINE
WEB SERVER
• Constraint Analysis & Component
Selection
• Patent Liability
• Reliability and Safety
• Ethical/Environmental Impact
Considerations:
•
Environmental
- Temperature Variation
- Humidity Changes
• Part Quality
• Power Supply Reliability
- Voltage Regulator
- Electrolytic Capacitor
- Schottky Diode
• Sensor Reliability
• Microcontroller Reliability
• RF Chips Reliability
• Rationale for selection of components
– Microcontroller
• Computational Requirements
• Memory Capacity
• Ethernet Capability for base station
– RF Module
• Transmission Strength
– Sensors
• Type of detection
• Detection Range
– General Concerns
• Weather Conditions
• Clock Speed
– Rabbit Micorcontroller
• Web server provides access to information
• Parking vehicles in designated places
• RCM2100 RCM2110 RCM2120 RCM2130
Microprocessor Rabbit 2000™ at 22.1 MHz
• RCM3000 RCM3010 Microprocessor Rabbit
3000 at 29.4 MHz
– Atmel Micorcontroller
• 8-bit AVR Microcontroller Up to 16 MHz
• Mostly for processing data
– Rabbit Micocontroller
•
•
•
•
•
•
RCM2100 RCM2110 RCM2120 RCM2130
Flash 512K
256K
512K
256K
SRAM 512K
128K
512K
128K
RCM3000
RCM3010
Flash
512K (2 x 256K)
256K
SRAM
512K
128K
– Atmel Micorcontroller
• 8-bit AVR Microcontroller
• Flash
64K
• SRAM
4K
• Rabbit Micorocontroller
–
RCM2100 RCM2110
RCM2120 RCM2130
10Base-T, RJ-45,
2 LED’s
–
RCM3000
None
RCM3010
10Base-T, RJ-45, 2 LED’s
• Amtel Microcontroller
–
8-bit AVR Microcontroller
None
• Microcontroller
– Needs Ethernet capability
– Speed is not a concern due to the interface
with humans
– Overall, chose RCM 3010 for Ethernet
capabilities, memory storage, and
performance to cost ratio
• Initially needed pins for each sensor
– After midterm review, this was changed
• After comparing the Atmel to the Rabbit for
the base station use, the Atmel was
chosen for the Transmitter Module
• Transmission
– Ability to be used in an inhospitable
environment
– Ability to use different frequencies
• Reception
– Ability to distinguish noise from actual signals
– Ability to reproduce data from received signal
• Detection Type
– Inductive
– Infrared
– Ultrasonic
• Detection Range
– Needs to be able to detect vehicles at variable
distances
– Needs to be confined to a predetermined area
so as not to detect vehicles in other parking
places
• Most components will be subject to the
climate of the garage
– Industrial vs. Commercial
• Wider range vs. More cost
• Price of Installation
– Upfront cost vs. Long-term cost
• Power Consumption
– Slow change in environment being monitored
• Monitoring parking spaces to detect occupancy
– U.S. Patent #6,694,259
• Using image processing to detect occupancy
– U.S. Patent #6,559,776
• Using a plurality of sensors to monitor multiple spaces
– U.S. Patent #6,292,110
• Using infrared sensors to detect occupancy
– U.S. Patent #6,266,609
• Using GPS coordinates to detect occupancy
• All could cause problems under doctrine of
equivalents, while the second could be a literal
infringement
• Displaying parking occupancy graphically
– U.S. Patent #6,662,077
• Uses a GUI to display occupied storage cells
– U.S. Patent #6,502,011
• Uses a GUI to display information on the web
• The first patent could cause a problem
under the doctrine of equivalents
• The second patent would be a literal
infringement
• Getting real time parking information
– U.S. Patent #6,501,391
• Showing real time parking information “in the form
of a textual listing, a graphical map, a video image,
an internet web page or similar form”
• This would cause a literal infringement
because we show real time parking
information via a textual image on an
internet web page
• Sensor Multiplexing
– U.S. Patent #6,317,034
• The ability to hook many sensor lines up to one
line (to be sent to a controller)
• Possible infringement under the doctrine
of equivalents.
• Testing of Software
– Ensure that the RF receiver is warmed up before
sending data
– Warm the receiver by sending junk bytes
– Multiple transmissions of data is done to avoid
collisions.
– Ensure that the RF output power level is FCC
approved by using appropriate resistor values.
• Safety Precautions
– Voltage regulators get “hot” during operation, labels
are placed on all such components
– The IC’s are sensitive to electrostatic, care should be
taken while handling such devices.
– Schotky diodes are placed to protect the PCB’s from
reverse polarity.
• Documentation
– User manual will contain instructions to install
each of the specific components for
expansion.
– User manual will mention about parts which
can become “hot” during operation
– User manual will document the functions of
the LED’s in each of the modules for the
technician to debug.
• Manufacture of PCB
– PCB manufacturer’s use toxic and corrosive liquids
– Improper handling of these liquids can lead to
corrosion of and permeation through unprotected
flooring
– Circuit components contain harmful chemicals such
as lead, cadmium and polychlorinated phenyls
• Solutions
– Identify work practices and engineering changes that
reduce the risks.
– Minimize releases and in turn reduce liability
– Recycle the boards after their use
• Power consumption
– Can be reduced by using the power down feature in
the RF modules
– Putting components that are not in use in sleep mode
to reduce power consumption
• Shipping and Packaging
– Substitute with Starchafoam, which is biodegradable
– Usage of starch-packing-peanuts, which are nontoxic,
water soluble and eco-friendly.
– Components should be packaged properly to avoid
user to come in contact with fissured IC’s and broken
electrolytic capacitors.
• Recycling
– Recycling can recover contaminants like copper and
other etched metals
– Recycling reuses spent chemicals in wastewater
treatment process
– Recycling can recover contaminants like copper and
other etched metals
– Reduce waste by removing and recovering regulated
materials from the printed circuit boards
– The reduction of hazardous waste helps facilities to
meet the requirements of waste reduction under
RCRA, 40 CFR 262 and Executive Order (EO) 13148,
Greening the Government Through Leadership in
Environmental Management
•
•
•
•
Packaging Design Considerations
Schematic Design Considerations
PCB Layout Design Considerations
Software design Considerations
Receiver #5
Cat5 Cable
Receiver #4
Receiver #3
Receiver #2
Receiver #1
Rabbit
Example Floor Plan Layout:
Key:
Receiver
Transmitter
Sensor
Cat5 Cable connecting Sensors and
Transmitter
• Package One :
Sensor Packaging
• Will be mounted in
front of each
parking space,
such that the
ultrasonic sensors
are directed
towards the front of
the car
Schematic Notes :
- All measurements in cm
- Jack on side of box is for Cat5
cable (RJ45 connector)
• Package Two :
Transmitter Packaging
• Will house an RJ45
connection brick, the
Atmel ATmega8515L, the
Linx TXM-315/433-LC RF
transmitter, and its own
power supply (used to
power Atmel, Linx, and
sensors). External
antenna is for RF
transmission
• Will be mounted on
post/wall of garage (many
per each floor of garage)
Schematic Notes :
- All measurements in cm
- Jacks on front of box are for
Cat5 cables (RJ45 connectors)
• Package Three :
Receiver
Packaging
• Will house Linx
RXM-315/433-LCS RF receiver
• Will be mounted on
edge of garage (1
per garage floor)
vertically above the
Rabbit packaging
Schematic Notes :
- All measurements in cm
- Coaxial out on front has been
changed to RJ-45 out
• Package Four :
Rabbit Packaging
• Will house Rabbit
3010 and its own
power supply
(used to power
Rabbit and RF
Receiver
• Will be mounted
directly below all of
the receiver
packages on
ground floor of
parking ramp
Schematic Notes :
- All measurements in cm
-Jack on side of box is for Cat5 cable
(RJ45 connector)
- Coaxial in on front has been
changed to RJ-45 in (similar to
Transmitter packaging
Power Supply for Atmel & Receiver board
Transmitter Module
Receiver Module
Power Supply of Rabbit Microcontroller
Rabbit Module
• No right angles on the traces
• Place switching traces as far away as
possible
• Larger Power and Ground traces
• Placed power supply together
• Related components as close together as
possible
Atmel Layout
Receiver Layout
Rabbit Layout
• Capability to address each parking space
uniquely
- Assigning each transmitter a unique
address
- Assigning each sensor an address
• Reliable RF transmission protocol
- No feedback from the receiver end
Rabbit Microcontroller
• Protocol to ensure correct transfer of data
over the RF link
• Capability to ensure dynamic updating and
display of the webpage and receive all the
data from the RF link simultaneously
• Modularity: Capability to easily
add/remove new sections of Parking Lot
or new floors.
Atmel Microcontroller
• Sensor echo response analysis to
correctly ascertain presence of a car
- Analyze sensor echo pulse width to make correct
conclusion
• Protocol to ensure correct transfer of data
over the RF link
- Sending extra junk bytes before actual data to warm
up the RF link
- Transmitting same data more than once
- Transmitting checksum along with data
Atmel Microcontroller
• Capability to work correctly in all possible
environments
- A sensor not working
- Removing adding sensors from the Atmel/Transmitter
module
• Continuous running of this system
• Success Criteria #1: Ability to detect the
presence of a car using ultrasonic sensors
– Car drives into parking spot, transmit light on
transmitter turns off and back on
• Success Criteria #2: Ability to modularize
– Can add any of the four modules to design with little
installation hassle
• Success Criteria #3: Ability to scale up the
project
– Can be seen when we add an additional sensor, and
also when we add an additional transmitter & sensor
• Success Criteria #4: Ability to use the RF transmitter to
transmit information from the microcontroller (Atmel) and
use the RF receiver to receive this information and feed
it to the Rabbit microprocessor for processing.
– This can be seen when we pull a car into or out of a spot and
see the web server update its status
• Success Criteria #5: Ability to transmit the available
parking spaces from the Rabbit to a web server via the
Ethernet module and update this information in real time.
– This can be seen when we pull a car into or out of a spot and
see the web server update its status
• Matt Downes
– Hardware Debugging
– Soldering and Packaging
• Stephen Osborn
– Atmel Coding/Debugging
– RF Debugging
• Anup R. Daniel
– Schematic
– Power Supply Design
• Pawanjit S. Chawla
– Rabbit Coding/Debugging
– RF Debugging
• OrCad Schematic and Layout
• PCB layout is critical for the success of the
project
• PCB/Hardware debugging
• Interfacing with RF components
• Interfacing Atmel and Rabbit
microprocessors
• More emphasis should be placed on the
PCB layout.
• Multiple display boards in the garage
• Better RF antenna solution
• Add repeaters for better RF
range/coverage area
• Modify design such that is easier to
troubleshoot in the field