Transcript Basic amplifier concepts

Basic amplifier concepts
Complex Gain:
Q: What is a Phasor?
A Phasor is an ac voltage or current that maintains the same phase with respect to a standard reference.
Thus, in a circuit the quantities can have a constant phase relationship independent of time.
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Basic amplifier concepts
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│Avmid │
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• AC coupled amplifiers will always have zero gain at dc voltage. Examples include audio amplifiers
and ECG amplifiers, where application of dc signal is undesirable.
• A DC-coupled amplifier will have a constant gain down to very low frequencies and also dc.
Example include amplifiers for video signals.
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The gain of an amplifier reduces at higher frequencies. This is due to the parasitic capacitance and
inductances as shown in Fig. 1.38.
Stray capacitances occur between the conductor and the ground, while stray inductances happen due
to the conductor surrounded by a magnetic field (created by current flow).
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Basic amplifier concepts
Voltage gain reducing by 1/2
times indicates that power will
be reduced by half, at the half
power frequencies.
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Basic amplifier concepts
However, often the signal contain a “common” voltage applied to both terminals that also affects the
output signal. This is not desirable, and a good amplifier needs to minimize such effects.
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Basic amplifier concepts
The patient has a common mode input due to the parasitic capacitances. The ECG machine must be able to
ignore the common mode signal and not amplify it.
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Basic amplifier concepts
1. Measure the common mode gain Acm
2. Measure the differential gain Ad
3. Compute the CMRR = 20 log Ad/Acm
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Practice Problems
P1.17: An FM radio receiver has an input resistance of 75 Ohm. The input signal provided by a distant
transmitter is 5 µV rms, and the receiver supplies 5 V rms to an 8 Ω loudspeaker. Calculate the
power gain of the receiver.
P1.33: An amplifier has a voltage gain of 30 dB, and a current gain of 70 dB. What is the power gain in dB?
If the input resistance is 100 KΩ, what is the load resistance?
P1.63: A differential amplifier has vo (t) = A1v1(t) – A2v2(t), If A1 = 1000, and A2 = 999, determine the CMRR.
Answers:
P1.17: 9.375 x 1E12
P1.33: GdB = 50, RL = 1 KΩ
P1.63: CMRR = 60 dB
Answer: -20 dB and CMRR = 114 dB
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