Transcript Directives for LVD and EMC, requirements and testing

Technical requirements on electrical
goods for low voltage NV č. 17/2003 Sb.
Dir. 2006/95/ES
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General requirements
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Goods or documentation must contain technical
description and specification „How to used the
good safety“
Goods or its packing must contain name of
product and name (address) of producer or
dealer for current market.
Goods must have safety electric connection or
part for assembly and mounting
Goods must be developed and manufactured
with regard to following safety requirements:
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Technical requirements on electrical
goods for low voltage NV č. 17/2003 Sb.
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Protection against risk of electrical equipment:
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Electric shock
Dangerous temperatures
Other risk /not-electrical origin/
Protection against external effects and
influences:
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Resistance against mechanical stress
Resistance against non-mechanical stresses
Resistance against overloading (electrical/mechanical)
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Electrical equipment for low voltage
Basic overview of harmonized tests
Examples:
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Electrical tests:
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Mechanical tests:
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Air-gap and isolation gaps
Test of covering
IP – test (IP 00  IP66)
Vibration tests
Climatic tests
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DC/AC isolation test 4 kV / 7 kV, for each piece (100 %)
Isolation test „at installation place“ – for each piece
Safety impedance test – for each piece
Test of resistance against short circuit
Dry-hot test
Wet-hot test, combined test, salt-rain test etc.
Functional test – for each piece
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Technical requirements for
Ecodesign Dir. 2009/125/ES - Vyhl. MPO
337/2011 Sb.
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Minimizing of negative impact on
environment during the whole life-time!!!
Minimizing of consumption of electrical
energy (during all possible operating states)
– Stand-by mode (max. power),
– Active mode (min. efficiency).
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Ecodesign: Minimizing of consumption for
electrical Equipment - examples
Council directive of EU:
Electrical equipments for household usage
Light sources,
External power sources,
El. drivers fro 0.75 kW up to 375 kW,
TV sets,
Freezers and fridges for household usage,
Washing machines for household usage,
Fans with el. Driver from 125 W up to 500 kW,
Water pumps,
PC, ITC, servers
Vacuum cleaners
transformers
....,
This directives are obligatory in all member states of EU
directly!
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Technical requirements on electro technical goods related to:
Electromagnetic compatibility
Dir. 2004/108/EC - NV 616/2006
Equipment shall be so designed and manufactured, having regard to
the state of the art, as to ensure that:
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the electromagnetic disturbance generated does not exceed the
level above which radio and telecommunications equipment or
other equipment cannot operate as intended;
it has a level of immunity to the electromagnetic disturbance to
be expected in its intended use which allows it to operate without
unacceptable degradation of its intended use.
Equipments are:
 Apparatus
 Fixed installation (newly, since 2006)
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Electromagnetic compatibility (1)
Overview of required basic tests given by
„Generic standards“
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Testing of emissions:
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high frequency electromagnetic field radiated through
cover in the range 30 MHz up to 1 GHz,
high frequency electromagnetic filed spreading via
conductors (power lines) in the range 150 kHz to 30
MHz
harmonic and inter-harmonic components of power
line currents (up to 2 kHz)
ripple of supply voltage, flicker effects
During all test, emissions can not exceed
levels given by harmonized standards!
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Emission of harmonic components into
distribution network caused by SMPS
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Supply voltage and
current consumption of
PC power DC source
600
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400
4
200
2
0
0
-200
-2
-400
-4
-600
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Supply voltage and current
consumption of LED lights
Power factor (P/S) vary from 0.5 up to 0.8.
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Electromagnetic compatibility (2)
Basic test of apparatus given by
harmonized standards in EU
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Testing of electromagnetic immunity by applying:
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HF electromagnetic filed (80 MHz up 1 GHz)
HF signals spreading through conductive lines (150 kHz up 80 MHz)
electrostatic discharges
fast transient burst (5/50 ns, 5 kHz)
surges (1.2/50 μs)
Short decrease of supply voltage
Short interruptions of supply voltage
Disturbance is simulated by testing signals described in harmonized
standards. We are observing how the equipment under test (EUT) fits
one of the following criterions:
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EUT works without any worsening of properties (class A)
EUT exhibits temporarily worsening of operation during test (class B)
EUT needs restart (set-up) after testing - losing of operation
capability. (class C)
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Electromagnetic compatibility (3)
Requirements on EMC of fixed installations:
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Fixed installation:
Fixed installation’ means a particular combination of several types
of apparatus and, where applicable, other devices, which are
assembled, installed and intended to be used permanently at a
predefined location. Fixed installation does not have a CE mark
and Certificate of Conformity.
Special requirements on fixed installations:
A fixed installation shall be installed applying good engineering
practices and respecting the information on the intended use of its
components, with a view to meeting the protection requirements
set out in Directive. Those good engineering practices shall be
documented and the documentation shall be held by the person(s)
responsible at the disposal of the relevant national authorities for
inspection purposes for as long as the fixed installation is in
operation.
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Newly introduced technical
requirements
Directive of EP and Council Directive 2011/65/EU:
 about Restriction of usage Hazardous Substances in electro
technical appliances. In Czech legislation known as:
Government directive 481/2012 Sb.; valid from the 2. 1. 2013.
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This document sets the limits on: Lead, Mercury, Cadmiun,
Chrome, Polybromme bifenyles (PBB), Polybromme difenylether
(PBDE) and other substances.
There is a lot of excursions (accumulators, batteries, varnishes,
lacks, glasses for CRT, etc. Also, some period for introducing and
launching is mentioned in this document.
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