Transcript About PIPE Networks

PIPE Networks
Submarine Cable 101
Stephen Baxter, CTO and Co-Founder PIPE Networks Limited
PIPE Networks
About PIPE Networks
ASX Listed company (ASX:PWK)
Profitable Company on all measure of EBIT, EBITDA, cash flow etc
Internet Peering point operator in Brisbane, Sydney, Adelaide.
Melbourne, Hobart, Canberra
3rd largest operator of metro fibre services in Australia
Co-location provider
Currently undertaking PPC – Sydney to Guam Submarine Cable
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Why should we care
about Submarine cables
High Capacity Lifeline
New cables built for data (built for us)
You are the customers – not the monopolists victim
Informed choice for valuable section of supply chain
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What do you see as a
customer of a Submarine Network
Older cables – E1, DS-3, STM-1, STM-4, STM-16
Newer cables – Optically muxed Gig-E, 2.5G Wavelength, 10G Wavelength
Typical choices for dry side cards are :
•STM-64: XFP transceiver
•4xSTM-16
•8x1GbE
•10 GbE WAN PHY (9.95328Gb/s)
•10 GbE LAN PHY (10.3125Gb/s)
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Before it all starts
The route
Factors effecting the route
Market, topography, commercial activity, seismic activity, man made obstacles
Permits
Territorial Limits, Continental Shelves, Exclusive Economic Zones, disputed waters
Manufacture
Fully built before being laid, pressure tested.
Room on the ship – how much cable can you carry
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The Cable
Reasonably boring long haul fibre optic
Secret sauce is the outer layer and the route
Rock Armoured, Double Armoured, Single armoured, Light weight
armour, special application and lightweight
Type dependant on bottom conditions, artificial risks and depth
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Cable Station
Interface between wet and dry plant
You need two of them
Do not have to be huge – adequate is good
Beware somebody else’s cable station
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Driving the cable
Lasers – Submarine Line Terminal Equipment
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Driving the cable
Lasers – Submarine Line Terminal Equipment
10 Gig system using DWDM – multiple 10G wavelength on a single pair
CWDM Spectrum for
2.5G
Power
1 x 2.5G
16 x 10G
Frequency
DWDM Spectrum
for 10G services
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Driving the cable
Lasers – Submarine Line Terminal Equipment
Voltage – Power Feed Equipment (PFE) - DC and lots of it
10,000V DC not uncommon
Dual fed
CLS has power backup
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Driving the cable
Lasers – Submarine Line Terminal Equipment
Voltage – Power Feed Equipment (PFE) - DC and lots of it
Splitters – Optically passive equipment that splits all or a portion of
spectrum onto different physical paths – also called Branching Unit
(BU).
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Branching Unit
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Driving the cable
Lasers – Submarine Line Terminal Equipment
Voltage – Power Feed Equipment (PFE) - DC and lots of it
Splitters – Optically passive equipment that splits all or a portion of
spectrum onto different physical paths – also called Branching Unit
(BU).
Amplifiers/Repeaters – every 80km, dependant on OSNR and BU
placement
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Fibre
Amplifier/
Repeater
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Driving the cable
Lasers – Submarine Line Terminal Equipment
Voltage – Power Feed Equipment (PFE) - DC and lots of it
Splitters – Optically passive equipment that splits all or a portion of
spectrum onto different physical paths – also called Branching Unit
(BU).
Amplifiers/Repeaters – every 80km, dependant on OSNR and BU
placement
Monitoring – in line OTDR working through EDFA
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Getting wet
Beach manhole transition into the surf, very well earthed
Conduit bored 900m out from mean low water mark
30m deep on land, 15m mean depth enroute to 900m
Diver assisted with rotary wing support
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Giving Way
Cable routes close to shore are usually a crowded space
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Giving Way
Cable routes close to shore are usually a crowded space
You need to build bridges
Recovery order to ensure no damage to underlying system
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Keep under cover
Deeper is better
2000m or shallower – cable is buried
Depth between 1 and 8 metres
Going the long way – considerations include Geologic, Seismic,
Topographical and many others
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Keep under cover
Cable burial
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Know where you lie
Positioning and Survey
You may need to recover for repair or re-use
GPS accuracy between 2 and 5m
Don’t be left suspended
Up to 20km of cable can be suspended during deployment operations
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Know where you lie
Don’t be left suspended
Sub Sea Burial
Mean sea level
Suspended fibre cable
Ocean
Ocean laid
Terrestrial
Trench/Valley
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Predators of the deep
Sharks – mostly urban myth but the shark has always been a good
scapegoat
Squids – not caches
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Predators of the shallows
Legitimate commercial activity
Fishing, mining, shipping, military
Not so legitimate commercial activity
Local entrepreneurs – protection racquets – in some parts of the world quite legal or at least tolerated
Submarine Protection zones
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Predators of the shallows
Legitimate commercial activity
Fishing, mining, shipping, military
Not so legitimate commercial activity
Local entrepreneurs – protection racquets – in some parts of the world quite legal or at least tolerated
Submarine Protection zones
Lawyers and International taxation specialists !
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Maintenance and repair
Cable ship agreements - clubs
Cable faults usually singular affairs, not always breaks
Grapple the cable, double the ships does not halve the time
If too deep – cable needs to re-laid as recovery impossible
Overall – far higher MTBF than terrestrial cables
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Conclusion
More of us will purchase submarine capacity
Become an empowered consumer of these services
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Thanks – Steve Baxter
[email protected]