QM-13d: Electricity Elective
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Transcript QM-13d: Electricity Elective
QM-13d
Quartermaster
Electricity Elective
Instructors: George Crowl
Course Outline
b. Electricity:
i) Know and demonstrate the correct method of rescuing a person in contact
with a live wire.
ii) Understand the construction of simple battery cells. Demonstrate the
proper care of storage batteries.
iii) Explain the difference between direct current and alternating current and
the best uses for each.
iv) Demonstrate that you know how to replace fuses, reset circuit breakers,
and properly splice shipboard electric cable.
v) Submit a diagram of the electrical system aboard the vessel used by your
ship.
vi) Explain wire tables, the current-carrying capacity of circuits, and the
hazards and prevention of electrical overloading.
vii) Explain electrolysis as applied to the deterioration of a boat’s underwater
fittings by galvanic action and its prevention.
QM-13d
i) Know and demonstrate the correct method
of rescuing a person in contact with a live
wire.
Rescuing a Person
DO
NOT TOUCH THEM!
You will get the same shock they have, and be
disabled
Call 911. They will likely guide you.
Cut off the power at circuit breaker
If a line is down, DO NOT TOUCH
Call power company, ask them to cut power
Still in Contact with Live Wire
Stay 100
ft away from downed high wires! Do not
attempt rescue.
Household current –
Find wood or plastic pole (non-conducting)
Dry rope is also non-conducting
Pull wire free of person, or
person from wire
After Freed from Contact
Move
away from danger
Call 911 if not already done
Lay person on back
Check breathing and heartbeat
Start rescue breathing or CPR
if needed
Treat for shock, cover above and below
Treat burns with cold water, no oil / grease
Bad burns – cut away clothing, sterile dressing
QM-13d
ii) Understand the construction of simple
battery cells. Demonstrate the proper care of
storage batteries.
Battery Construction
Lead-acid battery.
Ea cell = 2V, need 6 for 12V.
Dilute sulpheric acid conducts electricity
Positive = lead dioxide, negative = pure lead
Positive = +, red; negative = -, black
Care of Storage Batteries
Clean
terminals regularly (baking soda)
Insure cells of conventional batteries are full with
distilled water
Put a “boot” on the positive (red) terminal
Light dielectric grease on terminals
Insure tied down tight
Eliminate wing nuts, they come loose
Charge fully, 13V or more
QM-13d
iii) Explain the difference between direct
current and alternating current and the
best uses for each.
AC vs. DC
Direct Current
(DC) flows in one direction at a level
voltage (below left), usually from a battery
Alternating Current (AC) flows back and forth at
varying voltage (below right), usually from an
alternator or commerical power source
AC vs. DC (2)
Shore
power is AC, powers lights, TV, microwave,
electrical sockets for tools, etc.
Shore power is normally 110V, 60 cycle
Commercial vessels may use self-generated AC at
240/480V to run motors, etc.
Boat power is DC, powers nav lights, engine and
navigation instruments, cabin lights, etc.
Boat power is 12V, does not cycle, generator
Provided by 1-4 batteries, controlled by battery
switch. Special starting batteries sometimes.
AC vs. DC (3)
AC
is needed to transmit electricity a long way over
power lines.
High voltage can be transformed down to household 110V by transformers relatively easily
Universally used for household and
manufacturing purposes
DC is best for many electronic applications
DC cannot travel far, so within a black box is OK
QM-13d
iv) Demonstrate that you know how to
replace fuses, reset circuit breakers, and
properly splice shipboard electric cable.
QM-13d
iv) Demonstrate that you know how to
replace fuses, reset circuit breakers, and
properly splice shipboard electric cable.
Replace Fuses
Demonstrate, don't talk
Fuses may
actually be hard to find, check your car
fuses if you don't have fuses on your boat
Check fuse box list. If you don't have a list,
experiment (BUT start the list!)
Turn off master switch if possible
Remove fuse cover
Replace Fuses (2)
Remove
(pull out or unscrew) fuse
Inspect to see that it is blown (broken)
Confirm proper fuse rating (in amps)
Install fuse of equal or lower rating, then cover
Common ratings – 10A, 15A, 30A
If fuse blows quickly, solve the underlying problem
first! Then reinstall
another fuse.
Overloaded circuits can
lead to fires
Reset Circuit Breakers
Look like
small light switches
Button forced out of alignment
Run your hand along to find
one “popped”
Push to “OFF”, then back “ON”
If it pops again, fix the problem,
don't keep resetting C/B
Shipboard Cable Splicing
Meet ABYC
standards (see NOTES for article)
Use marine racheting crimp connectors
Nylon-jacketed butt connectors (nylon tube)
If exposed to water, use and melt heat-sensitive
adhesive to waterproof the connection
QM-13d
v) Submit a diagram of the electrical system
aboard the vessel used by your ship.
Electrical System
Includes AC
and DC
Shows batteries, motor, instruments, etc
Uses conventional electrical diagram symbols
Good starting source should be the motor electrical
diagram for your engine
Most Sea Scout boats have been modified – show
reality, not the way it was built
Probably will require you to use a circuit tester to
find out what reality is
N
L
QM-13d
vi) Explain wire tables, the current-carrying
capacity of circuits, and the hazards and
prevention of electrical overloading.
Wire Tables
Two
kinds – AWG and Metric (mostly AWG)
Standardizes wire selection
Provides conservative general guidance to the
public about how much current a wire can carry
Design engineers will do a more precise job
Sizes #0000 (0.46”) to #32 (0.008”), large to small
For solid wire, stranded wire is based on total crosssectional area to carry same current
Typical Wire Table
#16
wire
Diameter – 0.0508”
Diameter – 1.29032mm
Ohms/1000' – 4.016
Ohms/km – 13.17248
Max amps for chassis wiring – 22
Max amps for power xmsn – 3.7
Max freq – 11,000 Hz
Breaking strength – 75 pounds
Current-Carrying Capacity
Also Current
Rating or Ampacity
Depends on: insulation temperature rating,
conductor resistance, AC frequency, ambient
temperature, heat dissipation
Insulation is often the driving factor
Cables (several wires) have lower capacity because
of heat buildup, or conduit
Figures are for continuous current, short overloads
will not usually affect
Circuit breakers are sized to fit capacity
Electrical Overload Hazards
Fire and
electrical arcing are main issues
Overheated wire or arcing wire can start a fire
Electrical arc could set off gasoline explosion
Overload Prevention
Size your
circuit breakers and/or fuses to the current
capacity
Loose or corroded wires increase resistance and
current. Means more current, possible arcing.
Troubleshoot popped circuit breakers
Unplug high current appliances (microwave, toaster,
waffle iron, etc.)
QM-13d
vii) Explain electrolysis as applied to the
deterioration of a boat’s underwater fittings
by galvanic action and its prevention.
Electrolysis, Galvanic Action
Electrolysis –
“Chemical decomposition produced by
passing an electrict current through a liquid or
solution containing ions.”
Galvanic corrosion – Two different metals will cause
corrosion if in contact, or if in water that can pass
ions from one metal to the other
Prevention
Install one
or more zinc sacrificial anodes on the
prop shaft and/or other other equipment
Check your berth for stray electrical currents
Check your through-hulls at every quick haul
Questions?