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Educational Research CECS 5610 Dr. Gerald Knezek University of North Texas Clicking on the Speaker or Quicktime icon will play the audio associated with the slide. Educational Research Definition: Educational Research is a systematic investigation, involving the collection of information(data), to solve an educational problem or contribute to our knowledge about an educational theory or practice. Methods: • Qualitative • Quantitative Research Methods 1. Qualitative Research • the emphasis is on conducting studies in natural settings using mostly verbal descriptions, resulting in stories and case studies rather than statistical reports. Types of Qualitative Research • Observational • Ethnographic • Checklist Research Methods 2. Quantitative Research • involves the use of numerical indices to summarize, describe, and explore relationships among traits. Types of Quantitative Research • Survey Research • Pseudo-Experimental • Experimental Bloom's Taxonomy Knowledge: Category - of Specifics (terminology, facts) - Of Ways and Means of Dealing with Specifics (conventions, 1. classifications, criteria, methodology) - Of Universals and Abstractions (principles, generalization, theories) Bloom's Taxonomy Knowledge: General Description - Recall of specifics and universals, methods, and processes, pattern, structure of setting, knowledge objectives emphasize most the psychological processes of remembering. Bloom's Taxonomy Knowledge: Illustrative Items - About what proportion of the population of Canada is living in cities? 1. 10% 2. 20% 3. 40% 4. 50% 5. 60% The volume of a given mass of gas varies directly as the ____ and inversely as the __. 1. Pressure and temperature 2. Temperature and pressure 3. Atomic weight and pressure 4. Temperature and atomic weight Bloom's Taxonomy 2. Comprehension Category - Translation - Interpretation - Extrapolation Bloom's Taxonomy Comprehension (contd…) General Description Lowest level of understanding of what is communicated. Can use idea being communicated without necessarily being able to relate it to other ideas or see all its implications. Bloom's Taxonomy Comprehension (contd…) Illustrative Items Four less than three times a certain number equals eight. In algebra this may be expressed as: 1. 4-3x=8 3. 3x-4=8 2. 4x-3=8 4. 4+3x=8 Bloom's Taxonomy 3. Application General Description The use of abstraction in particular and concrete situations. Illustrative Items Two basic laws governing an electrical circuit are: Voltage=(Current)X(Resistance) Power=(Voltage)X(Current) If an electric iron develops greater resistance, its power will: 1. Increase 2. Remain the same 3. decrease Bloom's Taxonomy 4. Analysis Category of Elements, of Relationships, of Organizational Principles General Description Breakdown of a communication into its constituent parts, such that relative hierarchy of ideas is made clearer and /or the relations between the ideas expressed is made clear. Bloom's Taxonomy Analysis (contd…) Illustrative Items The given figure represents a hoop of 28” diameter. If the hoop is rolling without slipping in the indicated direction, how many inches has point A moved horizontally when the hoop has finished half a turn? Bloom's Taxonomy 5. Synthesis Category Production of a unique communication, Production of a plan, and Derivation of a set of abstract relations General Description Putting together of parts to form a whole; analyzing and combining pieces in such a way as to constitute a pattern or structure not clearly there before Bloom's Taxonomy 6. Evaluation Category - Judgements in terms of internal criteria - Judgments in terms of external evidence General Description - Making judgments about the value of material and methods for given purposes. Judging extent to which material and methods satisfy given criteria. Desirable Test Attributes Reliability (consistency) • Internal – Goal >= .90 – Odd-Even (Spearman-Brown Prophecy Formula) – Kuder-Richardson • Test -Retest • Equivalent Forms • Relationship to Standard Error of Measurement Desirable Test Attributes Validity ( Relevance) • Objectivity, Balance, Fairness • Criterion Validity – Predictive – Concurrent • Curricular Validity • Construct Validity • Content Validity Desirable Test Attributes Practicality • Time Constraints – Construction – Administration – Scoring • Testing Environment Test & Item Analysis Performance of Items – Test Reliability – Validity – Item Difficulties – Item Discriminations • (top 27% - bottom 27%) Test & Test Analysis Performance of Class –Mean & Standard Deviation – Median – Range Performance of Student – Total Score – Standard Error of Measurement End This is the end of the slide show. Please have a look at the print out of the slides for further information.