Transcript Document

Surge Protective Devices
UL 1449
UL 1449
UL 1449 has undergone 2 significant revisions in the past five years:
• In February of 2005, UL 1449 2nd Edition a major revision requiring
additional safety testing at medium-fault current levels for TVSS.
Compliance to this update became mandatory on February 9, 2007.
• UL 1449 3rd Edition was published in September 2006 with full
manufacturer compliance required by September 29, 2009.
UL 1449 3rd Edition
Who did this affect…?
All SPD manufacturers. The change was industry wide
and compliance is mandated by UL and the National
Electrical Code.
Due to terminology and ratings changes, UL 1449 3rd
Edition also significantly impacts customer master
specification documents used for defining SPD
requirements.
UL 1449 3rd Edition…Major
Changes
2nd Edition
3rd Edition
1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Transient Voltage Surge Suppressor
(TVSS)
For devices on circuits 600V or less
Surge Voltage Rating (SVR)
Duty Cycle Testing
Installation on load side only
6.
Class A, B, C devices
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Surge Protective Device (SPD)
(Now includes Secondary Surge
Arrestors)
For devices on circuits 1,000V or less
Voltage Protection Rating (VPR)
Nominal Discharge Current (In)
Type 1 devices can be installed on line
side or load side
Type 1, 2, 3, 4 devices
UL1449 is now American National
Standard (ANSI)
The term SPD (Surge Protection Device) replaces TVSS (Transient
Voltage Surge Suppressor) as the proper name for addressing surge
protectors.
Voltage Protection Rating – (VPR)
• An IEEE C62.41 cat. C-Low 6kV / 3000A combination surge
wave is now used to benchmark SPD clamping
performance.
• Application of the test wave is done both prior to and after
the Nominal Discharge Current Test (In) is performed.
• Average clamping numbers result in the UL assigned
Voltage Protection Rating (VPR) for each protected mode.
• Surge Test Current is 6X greater than UL 1449 2nd Edition
SVR test, which used a non-standard 6kV / 500A
combination wave.
Voltage Protection Rating – (VPR)
• Higher current levels will yield higher VPR ratings, when
compared to 2nd edition SVR ratings for an identical device.
Typical SVR range
for 120/208V TVSS
Typical VPR range
for 120/208V SPD
Nominal Discharge Current – (In)
• Value is selected by the manufacturer
– Type 1 SPD can be either 10kA or 20kA
– Type 2 SPD can be 3kA, 5kA, 10kA or 20kA
– Nominal discharge current level is marked on the label of SPD
• Test subjects SPD to a total of 15 impulses
• In order to successfully pass test:
– SPD cannot create a shock or fire hazard during the test
– SPD must remain within 10% voltage clamping tolerance of the VPR
rating
Lightning Protection Systems –
(LPS)
• UL96A – Installation Requirements for Lightning Protection
Systems
• Now allows for a Type 1 or Type 2 SPD rated 20kA nominal
discharge current (In)
• All GE SPD devices rated from 65kA to 300kA per mode are
now suitable for use on UL96A installations.
Lightning Protection Systems –
(LPS)
The SPD Requirements of UL96A were updated in 2007 to align with UL 1449 3rd Edition, allowing
Type 1 or Type 2 SPDs rated with UL nominal discharge current (In) of 20kA as an option for the
mandated SPD for Lightning Protection Systems.
It should also be noted that UL currently will not approve non-UL Listed SPDs for use in UL96A
systems. This included ETL, MET-Labs or other NRTLs.
GE SPDs for LPS - (In) Rating
• All GE SPDs, surge-rated between 65kA-300kA per mode models carry a
UL Nominal Discharge Current rating of 20kA. This is the highest rating of
(In) that is currently assigned by UL.
• GE SPDs for branch panel and point of use applications carry a 10kA (In)
rating.
GE SPDs rated 65kA –300kA
20kA (In)
GE SPDs rated 25kA –50kA
10kA (In)
UL SPD Location Types
Type 1 – Permanently connected SPDs intended for installation between the secondary of the service
transformer and the line side of the service equipment overcurrent device, as well as the load side,
including watt-hour meter socket enclosures and intended to be installed without an external overcurrent
protective device..
Type 2 – Permanently connected SPDs intended for installation on the load side of the service equipment
overcurrent device; including SPDs located at the branch panel.
Type 3 – Point of utilization SPDs, installed at a minimum conductor length of 10 meters (30 feet) from the
electrical service panel to the point of utilization, for example cord connected, direct plug-in, receptacle type
and SPDs installed at the utilization equipment being protected. The distance (10 meters) is exclusive of
conductors provided with or used to attach SPDs.
Type 4 - Component Assemblies – Component assembly consisting of one or more Type 5 components
together with a disconnect (integral or external) or a means of complying with the UL 1449 limited current
tests.
Type 1, 2, 3 Component Assemblies – Consists of a Type 4 component assembly with internal or external
short circuit protection.
Type 5 – Discrete component surge suppressors, such as MOVs that may be mounted on a PWB,
connected by its leads or provided within an enclosure with mounting means and wiring terminations.
GE SPD Ratings - Type 1
All GE SPDs that begin with a part number suffix of “TP” are now
available as a UL Type 1 device by adding a part number suffix of “T1”
to the standard part number.
• Type 1 SPDs can be installed at any location within the low voltage electrical distribution system on
either the utility or load side of main service breaker.
• Type 1 SPDs are not cUL listed. Instead they are UL only. CSA standards do not recognize a Type
1 SPD application.
• Applications for Type 1 SPDs include:
– Main Lug Only service entrance panels where the SPD is installed parallel to multiple service disconnects.
– Multi-dwelling residential complexes between utility and meter stack.
– Remote buildings or structures that do not include primary overcurrent protection.
GE SPD Ratings - Type 2
All GE SPDs models numbers that were previously listed under
UL1449 2nd Edition will now have a UL Type 2 rating.
• Type 2 SPDs are the same as devices previously called TVSS. Per NEC 285.24, Type 2 devices
can only be installed on the load side of the main breaker within the low voltage electrical distribution
system.
• If a GE model number is selected that does not have a “T1” suffix designator, it will be a UL Type 2
device.
GE SPD Ratings
GE SPDs did not require design modification, nor introduce new
models in order to comply with UL 1449 3rd Edition. As a result,
the following ratings will remain unchanged:
• IEEE C62.41 Clamping Voltages
• Maximum Single Impulse Surge Ratings
• Repetitive Surge Current Ratings (Surge Life Testing)
• EMI/RFI Filtering Characteristics
• UL SCCR
• MCOV
Customer Specifications
Many customer specifications still do not yet reflect the terminology and
ratings changes that are now in effect under UL 1449 3rd Edition and
the National Electrical Code.
GE’s Latest Specification Format
Recently Submitted Customer Spec Example
Requiring SVR Ratings:
SPD Application Considerations
Cascading System Wide Protection
ANSI/IEEE 1100 Emerald Book Guide for Powering and Grounding
Suggests cascading SPD approach for all categories and exposure levels
Higher level voltage spikes can get past service entrance
Voltage spikes from high kA transients can still damage downstream equip
Internally generated transients – Account for 60% or more of all transients
Service entrance TVSS cannot provide protection from internal surges
Unexpected external transients in distribution – ie Rooftop AC
Lightning strikes on building or nearby bring high kA transients into distribution
Redundant layered protection at multiple levels
Additional layers protect sensitive electronics if upstream devices fail
Surge Location Categories
ANSI/IEEE C62.41
Surge Exposure Risk
Location Categories A/B/C
External
Transient
Sources
A/C
IEEE Cat. C
Internal
Transient Source
Sensitive Loads
Primary
MDP
…
…
…
…
IEEE
Cat. A
Main
Main
Transformer
Secondary
UL Type 2
SPD
Trans
former
IEEE Cat. C/B
Transitional Area
Internal Transient
Sources
…
Drives
IEEE Cat.
B
Service Entrance Primary Distribution
Line Side – Type 1 SPD
Load Side – Type 2 SPD
Security Computers Video
Type 2 SPD
Motors
IEEE Cat.
B/A
Secondary Distribution
Point of Use
Type 2 SPD
Type 2 SPD
Type3 SPD
SPD Application - GE Ratings
Single Surge Rating (Per
Mode)
HE - High Exposure
125 –
300 kA
IEEE Category C Service Entrance Locations
ME - Medium Exposure
65 –
100 kA
IEEE Category B Primary and Secondary Distribution Locations
LE - Low Exposure
25 – 50
kA
IEEE Category A Long Branch Panel and Point of Use
Locations
GE SPD Options
Wall Mounted
New Construction
Add to existing facility electrical distribution
When branch panel disconnect is required
Integral Switchboard & Panelboard
OEM Electrical Panel / Equipment Shops
New Construction
New panels or switchboards on existing
facility
Panelboard Extension
Add to existing facility electrical distribution
When branch panel disconnect is required
GE Wall Mounted SPDs
UL Listed models for both Type 1
and Type 2 Locations
UL Nominal Discharge Current
Rating = 20kA (In)
UL96A Compliant
Surge Ratings available from
25kA – 300kA per mode.
NEMA 1, 12, 4, and 4X Stainless
NEMA 12 Flush-mount
Surge Life Ratings from 3,500 – 20,000
impulses @ 10kA / 8x20us
Optional features include: Surge Rated
Disconnect, Surge Event Counter,
Audible Alarm with Test/Silence,
EMI Filter, Remote Alarm Contacts.
GE Integral Mounted SPDs
Factory Installed by GE in Switchboard,
Switchgear, MCC, and Panelboards.
UL Listed models for both Type 1
and Type 2 Locations
UL Nominal Discharge Current
Rating = 20kA (In)
UL96A Compliant
Surge Ratings available from
65kA – 300kA per mode.
Surge Life Ratings from 5,000 – 20,000
impulses @ 10kA / 8x20us
Standard features include: Surge Rated
Disconnect, Surge Event Counter,
Audible Alarm with Test/Silence,
EMI Filter, Remote Alarm Contacts.
GE SPD Design
GE SPD Design – MOV
GE TLE, TME and THE series
models are equipped with large
duty, dual wafer 48mm MOVs.
Each MOV is surge rated at 100kA
(8x20us)
A large number of
manufacturers
use smaller MOVs in large
quantity arrays.
SPD Design – Small MOV Modal Arra
The Requirement for Exact Matching of
MOV’s presents a Potential Problem.
High-Energy Surge Event (>10kA)
MOV’s are non-linear
components. Factory matching
with 1ma. DC test levels does not
always mean the same clamping
performance will be realized at
higher energy surge levels
Weakest MOV’s cannot
withstand energy level and
fail
Other poorly matched MOV’s
are left in a degraded state.
GE SPD Design – MOV
GE TPME and TPHE series
models are equipped with
Enhanced Thermally Protected
Metal Oxide Varistor Technology
Features
Robust 34 mm2 MOV design.
(Equal to 40mm round
MOV’s)
Thermal Disconnect with
proprietary eutectic bond
to MOV body.
High dielectric strength
arc suppression shield.
All GE Integral SPDs designs
are equipped with Thermally
Protected MOV’s.
GE SPD Design –Disconnect
Low Impedance
Surge Rated Disconnect Switch
Independent test facility verification for
200kA – 8/20us withstand
(Optional on Some Models / Recommended
when direct bus mounting is required)
GE SPD Design – Fusing
*Surge Rated Current Fuses
*TPME and TPHE Series do not require current limiting fuses due
to their enhanced thermal disconnect feature.
Surge Fusing included on TME and THE models only.
GE SPD Design – Summary
All components that are used in GE SPD products have been
tested at the maximum rated capability of the SPD.
In the past there have been a selective few SPD manufacturers will
omit or bypass certain components in order to achieve the
maximum ratings.
This is possible, due in part to specifications that do not require
disclosure of components that are included in the surge path of
tested sample.
Always request comprehensive 3rd Party Test data
that includes this information.
GE SPD Design – Summary
Example of 3rd Party Test Document that describes included
components
SPD Wire Length Study
SPD Application – Wire Length
Each 1-inch length of SPD connecting wire can
account for increased surge clamping voltage levels.
Based on a number of empirical studies, it is estimated
that the potential decrease in clamping performance
can vary from as little as 6 volts per inch, to as much
as 25 volts per inch. (70-300 volts per foot)
SPD Application – Wire Length
Wire Length Effects Study
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
In 2004, GE contracted R&B Laboratories NVLAP accredited Lab
located in Conshohocken PA to perform surge testing on a simulated
electrical distribution system with SPD installed.
The purpose of the test was to determine the effects of cable length
on SPD performance.
Both integrally mounted and wall mounted SPD designs were
included in the test.
Wall Mount SPD were evaluated when connected at lengths of 3’ and
10’.
Integral SPD were connected to the distribution equipment bus.
Standard IEEE surge waveforms were injected at the main lugs of the
electrical panel.
Let thru voltages were captured and recorded downstream from the
SPD panel on both the primary and secondary side of a step-down
transformer.
SPD Application – Wire Length
Wire Length Effects Study
+
+
A
Surge
Generator
B
C
1200 A
Main Lugs
Waveform Capture
3 foot or 10 foot
Lead Length
6 AWG
A
Probe Locations
(#1)
TVSS
A
B
C
3 Phase
100 A
Breaker
A
Neutral
B
Wire # 1
10 Foot
1 AWG
C
(#2)
H1
H2
H3
480 - 120/208
75kVA
Transformer
A
B
C
XO
A
Ground
Neutral
B
Probe Locations
Wire # 1
10 Foot
1 AWG
3 Phase
100 A
Breaker
X1
X2
X3
Waveform Capture
(#1)
3 Phase
60A
Breaker
TVSS
Surge
Generator
B
C
1200 A
Main Lugs
C
(#2)
H1
H2
H3
480 - 120/208
75kVA
Transformer
Ground
Bonding Jumper
Bonding Jumper
Integral Configuration
Wall Mount Configuration
X1
X2
X3
XO
SPD Application – Wire Length
Wire Length Effects Study
SPD Application – Wire Length
Wire Length Effects Study
Conclusion
•
•
•
•
Independent testing confirms that the effectiveness of otherwise
equally rated SPDs is directly related to connection method and
length of wire leads.
The length of SPD wire and applied surge energy had the most
impact on the basic protection level offered by the SPD.
The length of SPD wiring is the most critical variable that can be
controlled in real world installations.
UL SVR (now VPR) ratings are sometimes used as a critical
specification parameter for comparing SPD surge clamping
capabilities. However, based on the findings of this study, an even
greater emphasis should be placed on the SPD installation method,
rather than a benchmark study that only defines the performance of
all SPD as being connected 6” from the power source.
SPD Application – Wire Length
Wire Length Effects Study
In May, 2005 the Wire Length Effects study was
presented at the IEEE Industrial and Commercial
Power Systems Technical Conference. The final
report was published by IEEE as ISBN report no. 07803-9021-0
SPD Value Proposition
Why Our Customers Need SPD ?
TVSS provides the means to protect infrastructure and
sensitive electronic equipment against damaging
transient surges generated both inside and outside of
facilities.
Fully 60% - 80% of the transients surges are actually
generated inside the building from environmental
equipment. Examples include HVAC, elevators,
conveyors, compressors and laser copiers.
Surge Protection Devices reduce wear and tear on all
electrical and electronic circuits including lighting ballasts.
When the total cost of all electronic devices connected to
a power distribution system in a building is considered,
Surge protection is inexpensive insurance.
SPD Value Proposition
Power quality has an economic impact
Utility Power
Voltage Spikes
Line noise
Sags / Swells
Outages
SPD
UPS
Protect sensitive
electronic equipment
Provide
uninterruptible
power during outage
Filter out noise
EMI/RFI
Condition utility power
$ Impact
SPD Safeguard critical
equipment & reduce
costly repairs
UPS Provide power
during outages and
save critical data
SPD Value Proposition
SPD Needs Assessment
1. Estimated $ value of sensitive electronic equipment ?
2. Damaged, degraded, lost equipment from electrical failure
?
3. Cost of down time or shutting down your facility ?
4. Security risk when alarms/surveillance equipment fail ?
5. Are my facilities unprotected now ?
Protect sensitive electronics from damaging
transient surges for a fraction of connected
equipment value $ $ $ SPD = Affordable
Insurance
SPD Value Proposition
SPD Needs Assessment
Actions to take :
Tour customer’s facility to review electrical distribution
system
Evaluate sensitive electronic equipment in need of
protection
Start with sensitive electronics and work to service
entrance
Make recommendations on locations, type and quantity of
SPD needed to ensure a properly protected system
GE SDP Products
Tranquell Series
Ratings Per Mode
HE - High Exposure
125 –
300 kA
ME - Medium Exposure
65 –
100 kA
LE - Low Exposure
kA
25 – 50
GE SPD
Advantages of a GE SPD System
Complete Product Line up
Integral and Wall mounted devices ranging from 25 – 300kA max single
impulse at 65kAIC and 200kAIC per mode for use throughout the electrical
distribution system
State of the Art Engineering
Max Surge Current 3rd Party Tested per NEMA LS-1 test standard with complete
documentation. Every TVSS up to 200kA per mode is fully rated and tested
including fuses at six inch leads. * Note there are no labs that can test over 200kA per
mode
Excellent Surge Clamping Performance per UL 1449 2nd edition Suppressed
Voltage Rating (SVR) for all levels of electrical distribution system including
service entrance, distribution and point of use locations
Outstanding Longevity Characteristics Life cycle tested to 5,000, Tranquell ME
and 20,000, Tranquell HE C3 (10kA) 8x20 us repetitive surge impulses, and
5,000 (2kA) 10 x 1000 us on both the Tranquell HE and ME. 5 year standard
warranty option to 10 year
DIN-RAIL
New Product launch
Din Rail
Surge Protective Device
(SPD)
UL and cUL version
Product Features
Built-in visual indicator
Pluggable, IP20 finger
safe
Remote indicator/contacts
(NO, NC, COM)
Small footprint
46 / UL1449 3rd Edition for SPD
EXTERNAL Use
GE Digital Energy – Power Quality
End Users examples
Telecom
Cabinets
Digital Billboards
Motor Control
Cabinets
Cell Tower Sites
Automation Control Cabinets
Security System
Cabinets
47 / UL1449 3rd Edition for SPD
EXTERNAL Use
GE Digital Energy – Power Quality
Resources
Resources
• Web site www.GECriticalPower.com
Resources
• Publications (PDFs) posted on web site
Contacts
Fred Grosz
North American SPD Sales Manager
773-485-0247
Johnny Whitehead
Lead Application Engineer
903-640-7936