Transcript ORYANTİRİNG - Bilkent University

Basic Map Info - 2
Orienteering in the terrain
An orienteering map is different from a
topographic map:
Mountaineers use a topographic map. The scale is usually
1 / 25 000 or 1 / 50 000
A topographic map shows:
* only very distinct roads and vehicle tracks
* only distinct rivers
* forests - green
* open areas - white
An orienteering map is
more detailed:
The scale is usually 1/10 000.
* vegetation is more detailed:
each colour has a meaning
showing difference in vegetation
* very small streams, even dried
up water courses are shown
* even small paths, tracks are
shown
What can you see on a course map for orienteering?
1 - The scale
2 - The elevation (difference in height) between two contours
--> “contour interval”
3 - The category this course belongs to
4 - The length of the course (as the crow flies)
5 - Control point
definitions
6 - The course
itself, shown by:
* the start (triangle)
* the finish (two
concentric circles)
* the control points
(single circle)
THE SCALE
The scale of the map is useful in estimating the
distance from where you are now, and where you
want to go.
1 / 10 000:
1 cm on the map = 100 meters on the terrain
1 / 5 000:
1 cm on the map = 50 meters on the terrain
You need to know how to count your paces!
Pace counting
Homework:
Measure your pace for 100 meters
* count 2 paces for 1
* count:
- uphill
- downhill
- straight bit
* count:
- walking
- jogging
- running
Contour interval
The contour interval shows the vertical difference in height
(the elevation) between two contours.
Contour interval = 5 m
5 m = One and a half stories
in a block of flats
The distance between two contours
on the map will show the effort
for climbing;
Less effort
Steep climb
Contour interval
Homework:
if the contour interval is 5 m
Assuming the first contour lies at the
lowest point (car park surface),
how many contours for
A?
B?
C?
Which one has the
most climb?
Note: “most climb” may not
mean “longest distance”!
B
C
A
COLORS
Yellow
White
Green
Black shows
“man-made features” or
“stone features”
rocks, stony ground, buildings,
roads, paths, fences,
special man-made objects...
Blue shows water
lakes, rivers, streams,
dried up water course,
well, fountain, swamp...
Brown shows earth
contours, knolls, pits, earth banks,
special earth features...
show density of vegetation
Black
Unpaved path
Rockface (teeth
point downwards)
Paved area
Building
Man-made
object
Asphalt Road
Fence
Rock
Power line
Man-made line features
roads
fences
stone wall
power
lines
Difference in width...
Unpaved paths and tracks...
Less distinct path,
wide enough for only one person
More distinct path,
wide enough for 2 people to walk together
Vehicle track
wide enough for a vehicle to pass
asphalt road
unpaved vehicle track
distinct footpath
less distinct footpath
fence (passable)
fence (impassable - forbidden to pass)
ruined fence
stone wall
small power line or telephone line
high voltage power line
Match the terrain with the map
İNSAN YAPIMI DOĞRUSAL ÖZELLİKLER
More
black:
Stone
features
Blue
Water courses of
different size
Density
of
Vegetation
Cultivated open
land
Rough open land
Semi-open land
with scattered
trees
Forest: easy
running
Forest: easy
running
Vegetation:
difficult to run
Vegetation:
very difficult
to run
Undergrowth or
small shrubs
may slow down
your pace
Dense forest
runnable in one
direction
Control descriptions used for orienteering in the
terrain...
Open land
Semi-open land
Forest boundary
Clearing
Bush, clump of
dense vegetation
Control descriptions used for orienteering in the
terrain...
Distinct tree
Tree stump, fallen tree
Depression
Small depression
Hole
re-entrant
ridge
spur
re-entrant
hill
knoll (very small hill)
ditch
rockface
boulder
boulder field
boulder cluster
stony ground
very large bare rock
boulder
boulder field
boulder cluster
stony ground
very large bare rock
earth bank
Ahlatlıbel - Our first orienteering course in the terrain
for control descriptions
www.fortnet.org/icd
http://orienteering.org/resources/mapping/
IOF Control Descriptions