Transcript Open Access, Open Scholarship – Open Future

Open Expansion:
The Intersection of Open Access,
Open Data and OER
Heather Joseph
Executive Director, SPARC
ACRL 2015 Annual Conference
Portland, OR
March 27, 2015
A tale of three “open” movements.
Change is afoot.
Source: http://www.openmatters.com/2014/01/new-world-of-digital/
The Internet.
New Channels to Share Work.
New environment for research,
teaching and learning.
Digital environment means change.
And LOTS of it.
Access to more, opportunities to
do more.
Theoretically.
Opportunities to leverage lower
cost distribution mechanisms.
Theoretically.
Despite the promise of the
Internet, the materials we most
need the freedom to work with
remain largely under restrictive
access, pricing and reuse policies.
We have 20th century policies
governing 21st century information.
“Open” can provide a solution to a
problem, as well as be used as a
lever to create new opportunities.
Ok. A solution to what kind of
problems?
Let’s consider costs.
Costs for 1-yr Journal Subscriptions
www.righttoresearch.org
Source: http://web.archive.org/web/20050828210650/libraries.mit.edu/about/scholarly/expensive-titles.html
Average Textbook Prices
Source: http://www.studentpirgs.org/sites/student/files/reports/A-Cover-to-Cover-Solution_4pdf
$1,207.
Average budget for student books
and supplies for the 2013-2014
academic year.
Source http/:trends.collegeboard.org/college-pricing/figures-tables/average-estimaedundergraduate-budgets-2013-2014
Library budgets & journal prices
MIT Libraries Materials Purchases vs. CPI % Increase 1986-2006
400%
Journal expenditure
350%
300%
Percentage Change
250%
200%
150%
Inflation
100%
50%
0%
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
-50%
Year
Consumer Price Index % +
Serial Expenditures % +
# Books Purchased % +
Book Expenditures % +
# Serials Purchased % +
2002
2004
Textbook prices and the CPI
Source: www.goa.gov/products/GAO-13-368
“The annual revenues
generated by STM journal
publishing were estimated at
US $9.4 billion in 2011…”
Source: The STM Report,http://www.stm-assoc.org/2012_12_11_STM_Report_2012.pdf
“During same time period,
annual revenues for textbook
publishers were estimated at
US $8.8 billion …”
Source: http://www.slideshare.net/txtbks/keynote-nercomp?related=1
And we know where that money
comes from…
Libraries.
Students & their families.
How can “open” address problem
of cost?
Current Market:
Intermediaries blunt price
sensitivity.
Now look at that slide again, just
substitute “Libraries” and
“Researchers” for students and
professors…
Déjà vu…
Creating new models based on
“open” removes intermediaries,
and ties payments directly to
service/good being purchased.
What about opportunities?
Let’s consider value.
OA, Open Data and OER
movements all emphasize the need
to enable unobstructed digital
reuse of these materials, to fully
exploit the power - and the value of the information they contain.
Open Access = Immediate Access +
Full Reuse
Text Mining
Downloading
Bulk Downloading
Data Mining
Semantic Searching
Computational Analysis
Machine Reading
Because these materials are digital,
at their core, they are data…
and:
"Data is a valuable national asset
that should be available to the
public.”
President Obama, May 13, 2013 Executive Order
We have a unique opportunity to
explore innovative ways to access
and use this vast new wealth of
digital info and create new value.
Good for teaching, research and
learning, yes, but also…
…good for making.
Similar goals, values, strategies and
tactics emerging across all three
“open” movements aligning
around efforts to:
1. Create infrastructure.
2. Create Legal Framework.
3. Create Sustainable Business
Models.
4. Create Policy Framework
5. Create Collaborations
Not all perfect harmony.
1. Conflicting business models
2. Privacy/Security
3. Value
Challenges are big, but the
Opportunities are bigger.
We can use “open” to help us
think bigger.
How can “open” help us solve big
problems?
Understanding the implications
that a larger vision of “open” as the
default mode for research,
teaching and learning materials
can have is crucial.
Thank You for Listening.
Heather Joseph
Executive Director, SPARC
[email protected]
@hjoseph, @SPARC_NA