Transcript A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, 5e

A+ Guide to Managing
and Maintaining Your PC
Fifth Edition
Chapter 1
Introducing Hardware
You Will Learn…

That a computer requires both hardware and
software to work

About the many different hardware
components inside and connected to a
computer
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Hardware Needs Software to
Work
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
Hardware

Physical components of a computer
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Visible part of a system
Software

Set of instructions that directs hardware to
accomplish a task

The intelligence
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Functions of a Computer
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Binary Communication Between
Hardware and Software
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Binary Number System
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PC Hardware Components
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Outside computer case: input/output devices
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Inside the case: processing and storage
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CPU – most important component
Requirements of a hardware device

Method for CPU to communicate with it
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Software to instruct and control it
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Electricity to power it
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Hardware Used for Input and
Output
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Connects to computer case by ports (eg, serial,
parallel, USB, game, keyboard, mouse)
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Popular input devices:


Keyboard

Mouse
Popular output devices:
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Monitor

Printer
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Ports
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Input Devices
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Output Devices
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Hardware Inside the Case
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Motherboard Components
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Processing
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CPU (most important)
Chip set
Communication with
other devices
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Temporary storage
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RAM
Cache memory
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Programming/setup data
Electrical system
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Power supply
connections
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Traces
Expansion slots
System clock
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Flash ROM
CMOS setup chip
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The Motherboard
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The Motherboard (continued)
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The CPU
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The Chip Set
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Controls most activities on the motherboard
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Includes several device controllers
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USB controller
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Memory controller
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IDE controller
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The Chip Set (continued)
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Storage Devices
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Temporary (primary storage, or memory)
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Temporarily holds data and instructions while
processing them
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Faster to access than permanent storage
Permanent (secondary storage)

Data and instructions must be copied into primary
storage (RAM) for processing
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Primary and Secondary Storage
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Primary Storage Devices
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Memory, or RAM, located on motherboard and
other circuit boards
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Volatile versus nonvolatile (or ROM) memory
Types of boards that hold memory chips
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SIMMs
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DIMMs
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RIMMs
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RAM Chips
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Types of RAM Modules
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Secondary Storage Devices
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Hard drives
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CD-ROM drives
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DVD drives
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Zip drives
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Floppy drives
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Hard Drive
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EIDE Technology
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Used by most hard drives, CD-ROM drives,
and DVD drives
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Can accommodate up to four EIDE devices on
one system
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IDE Connectors on a
Motherboard
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IDE Connectors on a
Motherboard (continued)
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IDE Connectors on a Motherboard
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Hard Drive’s Power Supply
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Floppy Drive Connection
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Floppy Drive Connection
(continued)
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CD-ROM Drive Connection
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Motherboard Components Used for
Communication Among Devices
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The data bus
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System of pathways used for communication and
the protocol and methods used for transmission
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The Bus and Bus Lines
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Data Bus
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System Clock
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Clock Speed
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Of motherboard
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Measured in megahertz (MHz)
Of CPU
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Measured in gigahertz (GHz)
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Expansion Slots
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Types of Expansion Slots
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Interface (Expansion) Cards
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Interface (Expansion) Cards
(continued)
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The Electrical System

Power supply

Most important component of computer’s
electrical system

Converts/reduces electricity to voltage the
computer can handle

Runs a fan directly from electrical output voltage
to cool inside of computer case
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The Electrical System (continued)
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The Electrical System (continued)
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Instructions Stored on the
Motherboard
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ROM BIOS (most are flash ROM)
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System BIOS
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Startup BIOS
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CMOS setup
Motherboard BIOS supports ACPI, APM, and
Plug and Play technologies
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ROM BIOS Chip
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Motherboard Configuration
Settings
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
CMOS chip
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Stores setup (configuration) information
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Powered by a battery on motherboard when power
is off
Setup information can also be set by jumpers
and DIP switches
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CMOS Configuration Chip
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Setting Jumpers
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Using DIP Switches
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Summary

Introduction to hardware components of a
computer system

Initial insight into how hardware works
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