Transcript Power Generation, Transmission, & Distribution

1910.269: Electric Power
Generation, Transmission, and
Distribution
Region IV - OSHA
Scope
 This standard covers the
operation and maintenance of
electric power generation,
control, transformation
transmission, an distribution
lines and equipment.
Construction VS Maintenance
 Construction:
The erection of new electric
lines and equipment.
The alteration, conversion, and
improvement of existing lines
and equipment.
1910.269(a)(2):
Training
 All employees:
 Safety practices of 1910.269
 Emergency procedures
 Other necessary safety
practices
Training in Emergency Procedures
1910.269(a)(2):
Training
 Qualified employees:
 Ability to distinguish live parts
 Ability to determine voltage
 Knowledge of minimum
approach distances
 Ability to use protective
equipment
1910.269(a)(2):
Training
 Regular supervision and annual
inspection to determine compliance
 Follow-up training and retraining:
 New work procedures
 Tasks performed infrequently
 Certification
1910.269(b)(1):
CPR & First Aid Training
 Performing work on or associated
with:
 Exposed lines, or
 Equipment energized at 50 volts
or more
1910.269(b)(1):
CPR & First Aid Training
 Field work - crews of two or more
employees:
 Two trained persons, or
 All new hires trained within 3 months
 Fixed work locations:
 Trained person available within 4
minutes, or
 All employees are trained
1910.269(b)(2):
First Aid Supplies
First aid
supplies in a
weatherproof
container on a
service truck.
1910.269(c):
Job Briefing
Subjects:
 Hazards and personal protective
equipment
 Work procedures and special
precautions
 Energy source control
Job Briefing
1910.269(c):
Job Briefing
 Number of briefings:
 Before start of each day or shift
 Additional job briefings if
significant changes occur
 Based on nature and complexity of
work
 Job planning for one-person crews
1910.269(d): Hazardous
Energy Control Procedures
 Deenergize and lock or tag
 Additional protective
measures for tags
 Protection equivalent to locks
1910.269(d)(2)(ii)(B):
Use of Tagout System Only
 Demonstrate full employee
protection
 Safety equivalent to lockout
Application of Lockout
Tags rather than
locks are
commonly used in
electric utilities
1910.269(d)(2)(ii)(B):
Use of Tagout System Only
 Examples of demonstration of
employee protection:
 Removal of a fuse
 Removal of an isolating circuit
element
 Blocking mechanism on switch
 Opening of additional switches on
main circuit, on control circuit
1910.269(e):
Enclosed Spaces
 Entered under normal operating
conditions:
 Manholes, Vaults
 Applies to routine entry in lieu of
1910.146(d) to (k)
 1910.269(e) & (t) apply to entry only
1910.269(e):
Enclosed Spaces
 1910.146(c) still applies:
 Identify permit spaces
 Keep unqualified persons out
 Coordinate with contractors
 If hazardous conditions develop, use
1910.146
1910.269(e):
Enclosed Spaces
 Enclosed Spaces (Specific)
 Training:
 Entrants, attendants
 Rescue equipment provided
 Evaluate hazards:
 Use of attendants
 Test, ventilate, monitor
Manhole
 Atmospheric Testing prior to Entry
Manhole
 Vault with Protective Barrier
Vault Entry
 Rescue training
Vault Entry
 Rescue Equipment
Testing Equipment
1910.269(g):
Personal Protective Equipment
 Follow Part 1910, Subpart I:
 Eye and face
 Respiratory
 Head, foot
 Electrical protective devices
Lineman with Protective Gear
Supplied Air Respirator
Air-Purifying Respirator
 Negative-pressure fit check
Air-Purifying Respirator
 Positive-pressure fit check
1910.269(g)(2):
Fall Protection
 When required:
 Heights greater than 4 feet
 Poles, towers, and similar
structures
Pole Climbing
Body Belt
Pole Climbing Strap
Tower Climbing
Tower Climbing with proper person protective
equipment
Tower Climbing
Tower Climbing with proper person protective
equipment
1910.269(g)(2):
Fall Protection
 Not required by qualified employee:
 Climbing
 Changing location
 Must be free from unsafe conditions:
 Ice, high winds, contamination on
structure
 Must have hands free for climbing
1910.269(g)(2):
Fall Protection
 Does not address working on:
 Portions of buildings
 Electric equipment
(transformers, capacitors)
 Aerial lifts
1910.269(h): Ladders, Platforms,
Step Bolts, & Manhole Steps
 Part 1910, Subpart D applies
 Special ladders and platforms:
 Exempt from pitch & footing
requirements
 Must be secured in position
 May not be overloaded
Special Ladder
 Special ladder secured in position
1910.269(h): Ladders, Platforms,
Step Bolts, & Manhole Steps
 Special ladders and platforms
Cont’d:
 Must be designed for use
 Must have a safety factor of at
least 2.5 times the maximum
 Intended load
1910.269(i):
Hand and Portable Power Tools
 Cord - and plug connected equipment:
 Part 1910, Subpart S applies
 Grounded, double - insulated, or
connected through an isolated
transformer with an ungrounded
secondary
 Portable and vehicle - mounted
generators
 Hydraulic and pneumatic tools
1910.269(j):
Live - Line Tools
 Design:
 100 kv/ft for fiberglass reinforced
plastic (FRP)
 75 kv/ft for wood
 Condition of tools:
 Daily inspection before use; inspection
every two years
 Tests after repair and after inspection
for hollow FRP and wood tools
Live Line Tools
Live Line Tools
1910.269(k):
Materials Handling and Storage
 Part 1910, Subpart N applies
 Storage in areas restricted to qualified
persons:
 Materials must be outside working
space
 See 1910.269(u)(1) and (v)(3)
 Storage in unrestricted areas:
 Materials must be 10 ft away
 Add 4 inches for every kv over 50 kV
1910.269(l)(1):
Qualified employees only
 At least two persons for:
 Work with exposure at more than
600 V
 Work with equivalent hazards
 Two persons not required for:
 Live - line tool work
 Routine switching
 Emergency repairs
1910.269(l)(2):
Minimum Approach Distances
 Minimum approach distances (Tables R-6
through R-10)
 Exceptions:
 Insulate the employee
 Insulate the live part
 Employee is insulated from other
exposed conductive object,
 As during live-line bare-hand work
Safety Equipment Inspection
Installation of Rubber Blankets
1910.269(l)(6):
Apparel
 Conductive Clothing:
 Prohibited unless no increased
hazard of electrical contact
 Flammable Clothing:
 Train employees in hazards
 Clothing may not increase
extent of possible injury
100% Cotton Shirt
100% Cotton Shirt
Synthetic Shirt
Clothing Issue
 What method are you using to protect
employees from electric arcs and
flames?
 Flame Retardant.
 Treated.
 100% Cotton.
 Appropriate weight.
 Documentation.
Denim Jeans
100% Cotton Sock
Flame Resistant Shirt
1910.269(m): Deenergizing Lines and
Equipment for Employee Protection
Employee Protection
 Applies to transmission and
distribution
 System operator controls
switching - central control
 No central control - use employee
in charge
 Request clearance of system
from operator
Employee Protection
 Deenergize line:
 Open disconnecting means
 Tag disconnecting means
 Test for deenergized conditions
 Install protective grounds
Employee Protection
 Work on line
 Release clearance:
 Notify employees
 Clear employees
 Remove protective grounds
 Report to the system operator
Employee Protection
 Reenergize Line:
 Remove tags
 Close disconnecting
means
1910.269(n): Grounding for
the Protection of Employees
 Ground deenergized lines, unless
 No possibility of contact with
other source hazard of induced
voltage is not present
 Equipotential zone
 Test before applying grounds
Grounds
Grounds
Grounding of Lines
Checking Ground Wire
Ground Installation
 Proper order of connection and
removal:
 Install ground end first
 Remove line or equipment end
first
1910.269(o):
Testing and Test Facilities
 Applies to high-power and highvoltage testing rather than routine
line work
 Establish safe practices
 Guard test areas
 Grounding to be established and
implemented
 Safety checks required
1910.269(p):
Mechanical Equipment
 Mechanical considerations:
 Inspection
 Provisions for backing up
 Roll-over protective structures
 Outriggers
 Load ratings
Bucket Truck
Digger Derrick Truck
Bucket Truck
 Bucket truck
with outriggers
fully extended
1910.269(p):
Mechanical Equipment
 Operations near energized lines
(equipment) Maintain minimum
approach distance:
 Insulated portion of aerial lift is
exempt
 Designated observer if
necessary
Warning Label on Bucket Truck
Lineman in Bucket
1910.269(p):
Mechanical Equipment
 Additional precautions:
 Insulate the lines, or
 Insulate the mechanical
equipment, or
 Protect employees from
hazardous differences in
potential
Insulating Lines
Insulating Lines
Protecting Employee form
Differences in potential
Protecting Employee form
Differences in potential
1910.269(q):
Overhead Lines
 Poles, towers safe for climbing (Test
methods for poles in Appendix D)
 Installing and removing lines:
 Mechanical considerations
 Electrical considerations
 Live-line bare-hand work; training
required
 Tower and structure work
1910.269(r): Line - Clearance
Tree Trimming Operations
1910.269(r)(1):
Electrical
 Not applicable to qualified
employees
 Always maintain minimum
approach distance
 Work may not be performed in
adverse weather conditions Special
training required for work in the
aftermath of a storm
Tree Limb Lodged Between Two
Energized Lines
Mechanical Equipment
Requirements for:
 Brush chippers
 Sprayers
 Stump cutters
 Power saws
1910.269(r)(8):
Fall Protection
 Each employee shall be tied in with
a climbing rope and safety saddle
when the employee is working aloft
in a tree.
1910.269(s):
Communication Facilities
 Microwave Transmission:
 See 1910.97
 Radiation protection guide
 Power Line Carrier
1910.269(t): Underground
Electrical Installations
 Access (ladder etc.) required for depth
>4 ft.
 Attendants for manholes:
 First aid and CPR training.
 Employee on the surface may enter
briefly to assist; other than
emergency.
 No attendant for housekeeping,
taking readings, etc.
Access ladder for Underground
Electrical Installation (Vault)
First Aid Training Inside a Vault
1910.269(t): Underground
Electrical Installations
 Defective cables:
 Deenergize, if possible
 Use shield to contain fault
1910.269(u):
Substations
 Access and working space:
 NESC guidelines
 Guarding of live parts:
 NESC guidelines, or
 Subpart S (NEC) requirements
 Keep draw-out-type circuit breakers in
open position when removing or
inserting
 Grounding of conductive fences
Substation Overview
Detailed View of Transformers
Insulators & Connectors
1910.269(v):
Power Generation
 Access and working space:
 NESC guidelines
 Guarding of live parts:
 NESC guidelines, or
 Subpart S (NEC) requirements
 Changing generator brushes:
 Check for ground condition
1910.269(v):
Power Generation
 Chemical cleaning of boilers - restrict
access, post signs
 Chlorine systems
 Coal and ash handling:
 MSHA jurisdiction
 Railroad
 Conveyors
 Storage areas
1910.269(w):
Special Conditions
 Capacitors
 Illumination to enable performing safe
work
 Protection against drowning (U.S. Coast
Guard approved floating devices)
 Employee protection in public work
areas:
 Traffic control
 Barricades
Traffic Control
Warning Sign