Transcript Solar- and Wind-Power Inverters

International Testing and Certification Services
Head Office,
4-6 Second Street
Bowden, SA 5009
Phone: (08) 8346 8680
Fax: (08) 8346 7072
Clean Energy Systems
Statutory, Regulatory, and Technical
requirements of Grid-tied Inverters
for Australian market
ITACS Lab
Phone: (08) 8346 8680,
option 1
Email: [email protected]
Disclaimer: The slides and the presentation are for information only and cannot be relied on in commercial
decisions for your company. The regulations, standards, and market data are all changing quickly and cannot be
applied uniform to every enterprise. These have to be analysed at the time, location for your company and your
market at your own responsibility.
International Testing and Certification Services
Today’s presentation:
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Requirements for approval to supply energy to a grid
Clean energy systems
Australian Standards in details
ITACS authorities, facilities and licences
The process to get a product listed and approved for
Australian market
Requirements for approval to supply
energy to a grid
• Inverters must be tested against AS 4777.2
and 4777.3 by an accredited test laboratory
• Equipment approved by CEC
(Clean Energy Council of Australia)
• An installer accredited by BCSE
(Australian Business for Sustainable Energy)
• Customer signs a retail buyback agreement
for the purchase of excess energy.
• Install an import/export energy meter
(Electric Utility)
Clean Energy Council
• Approved inverters to be marked with an Approval
number and a date of testing. The testing date
should be less than 5 years old.
• Approved Grid Connect Inverters and PV modules
are suitable for installation under the government
rebate programs and Renewable Energy Certificate
(REC) schemes
• http://cleanenergycouncil.org.au/
• The CEC lists but does not approve inverters electric utility is responsible for approving inverters
used in its jurisdiction.
Clean Energy Council
• The CEC is a membership based industry
association representing the clean energy and
energy efficiency sectors.
• > 300 member companies
• involved in the development or deployment of
clean energy and energy efficiency technologies
including wind, hydro, wave and ocean, solar
photovoltaic and thermal, bioenergy, solar hot
water, geothermal and cogeneration.
Types of energy systems
– Solar powered PV Array
– Wind powered
– Fuel cells
– Hydro-generators
– Other types (bio-mass, sea wave, tidal power, etc.)
• Grid-connected inverters
(AS 4777:2005)
• Portable Inverters (AS/NZS 4763(Int):2006)
Electric Utilities
1
ETSA
SA
2
Ergon Energy (1)
QLD
3
ENERGEX
QLD
4
EnergyAustralia
NSW,VIC,
ACT & QLD
5
Loy Yang Power
VIC
6
Integral Energy
NSW & QLD
7
Powerlink
QLD (gov)
8
Western Power
Corporation
WA
9
Delta Electricity
NSW
United Energy (1)
VIC
10
and Retailers
Australian Standards relevant to
Grid-connected inverters
• Australian Wiring Rules AS/NZS 3000:2007
• Grid connection of energy systems via
inverters
– AS 4777.1—2005, Part 1: Installation requirements
– AS 4777.2—2005, Part 2: Inverter requirements
– AS 4777.3—2005, Part 3: Grid protection requirements
• AS/NZS 3100:2009,
General requirements for electrical equipment
• AS/NZS 61000.3.3-2003
Electromagnetic compatibility - EMC Limits - Limitation of voltage changes voltage
AS 4777.1, 4777.2 and 4777.3
• Second edition 2005; (the 1st was 2002),
• Revised to:
– (a2,3)
– (b2)
– (b3)
– (c2)
– (d2)
simplify requirements for EMC;
clarify harmonic limits;
clarify the grid performance test including
tolerances on test values.
clarify test parameters and tolerances; and
resolve some issues found as a result of
application of the Standard.
• Committee EL-042, Renewable Energy Power Supply
Systems and Equipment.
• ITACS is the only testing lab accredited to test all
required clauses of AS 4777.2 & .3 including:
AS/NZS 3100, AS/NZS 61000.3.3, AS/NZS 60950 and EMC.
Testing to 4777.2:2005
Grid connection of energy systems
via inverters
Part 2: Inverter requirements
Testing to 4777.2
• 4.1 Compliance to AS/NZS 3100
(IR, leakage current, HV, Earthing, cords, mechanical
strength, IP??, Temperature rise, Abnormals, GW, NF,
Marking, instructions, etc.)
• 4.2 Compatibility with electrical installation
AS 60038. (Voltage 230/400 V, +10%, -6% at point of supply)
• 4.3 Power flow direction
• 4.4 Power factor (0.8 leading to 0.95 lagging from 20% to
100% of rated output power, in steps of 10%)*
Test described in Appendix A
Testing to 4777.2
Diagram for testing
inverters
(cl.: 4.3, 4.4, 4.5)
Testing to 4777.2
• 4.5 Harmonic currents.
• Test described in Appendix B
Testing to 4777.2
Testing to 4777.2
Testing to 4777.2
• 4.8 Transient voltage limits
• Test described in Appendix C
Testing to 4777.2
• 4.8 Transient voltage limits
• Test described in Appendix C
Testing to 4777.2
• 4.8 Transient voltage limits
• Test described in Appendix C
Testing to 4777.2
• 4.9 Direct current injection
– single-phase inverter, the d.c. output current shall not
exceed 0.5% of its rated output current or 5 mA,
– a 3-phase inverter, the d.c. output current between any
two phases or between any phase and neutral, shall not
exceed 0.5% of its rated per-phase output current or 5 mA
• 4.10 Data logging and communications
devices
– AS/NZS 60950.1 Information technology equipment –
Safety; Part 1: General requirements
Testing to 4777.3:2005
Grid connection of energy systems
via inverters
Part 3: Grid protection requirements
Testing to 4777.3
• 4.1 General (grid protection device)
• 4.2 Electrical safety (AS/NZS 3100)
• 4.3 Connection to low-voltage distribution
network (same as 4777.2, cl. 4.2)
• 4.4 Voltage flicker (same as 4777.2, cl. 4.6)
• 4.5 Impulse protection (same as 4777.2, cl. 4.7)
• 4.6 Data logging and communications
devices (same as 4777.2, cl. 4.10)
Testing to 4777.3
5.3 Voltage and frequency limits
(passive anti-islanding protection)
– (a) Vmin shall lie in the range 200-230 V for a single-phase
or 350-400 V for a three-phase system;
– (b) Vmax shall lie in the range 230-270 V for a single-phase
or 400-470 V for a three-phase system;
– (c) fmin shall lie in the range 45-50 Hz; and
– (d) fmax shall lie in the range 50-55 Hz.
Testing to 4777.3
Input supply
Testing to 4777.3
Testing to 4777.3
Input supply
Load (b) or (c)
Testing to 4777.3
5.6 Reconnection procedure
• (a) the voltage of the electricity distribution network has been
maintained within the range Vmin–Vmax for at least 1min,
where Vmin and Vmax are as defined in Clause 5.3; and
• (b) the frequency of the electricity distribution network has been
maintained within the range fmin–fmax for at least 1 min,
where fmin and fmax are as defined in Clause 5.3; and
• (c) the inverter energy system and the electricity distribution
network are synchronized and in-phase with each other.
Testing to 4777.3
Input supply
EMC Compliance
Electromagnetic Compatibility
• Australian Communications and Media Authority
(ACMA) regulates the EMC industry in Australia.
• EMC Compliance is mandatory for all
electrical electronic products
• Australian EMC framework based on European
style approvals scheme
– Main difference with the 2 frameworks:
• Only emissions standards are mandatory in Australia
• In Australia inverters must be labelled with C-Tick
EMC Compliance
Electromagnetic Compatibility
• Compliance is based on self declaration.
– It is the responsibility of manufacturer/supplier to comply with
the mandatory regulations by;
• Ensuring that products meet the prescribed standards
• Self declare that the product complies (compliance folder)
• Label the product (C-tick and C-tick No.)
• Establish and maintain a compliance folder for up to
5 years after product ceases to be supplied to the market
Applicable EMC Standards
• Emissions
– AS/NZS 61000-6-3 (Emissions standard for Residential, Commercial & LightIndustrial Environment)
• The standard calls:
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–
–
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CISPR 16-2-3 for radiated emissions
IEC 61000-3-2 for Harmonic
IEC 61000-3-3 for Voltage fluctuation and Flicker
CISPR 16-2-1 for Conducted disturbance on Mains
terminal and DC power port
– CISPR 22 for conducted disturbances on telecom ports
– CISPR 14-1 for Discontinuous disturbances
Testing inverters at ITACS
One-stop shop for compliance testing
of inverters to Australian Standards
•All required standards, all clauses
•“Certificate of Approval”
•Ready for listing by:
Clean Energy Council of Australia
Testing inverters at ITACS Lab
Initial enquiry
We analyse
rating data
We sent quote
You sign, send us
Comp. and test items
Testing starts,
We communicate
the progress
Test failed,
We communicate
All tests passed
We publish
Test Report
You apply for
a certificate
ITACS Certification
(takes up to 7 days)
Resubmitted
sample received
Re-quote sent
You agree, we re-start
or continue testing
Additional comp.?
Comp. certificates?
Facilities for testing inverters at
ITACS Lab
• AC power 3-phase up to 30kVA (var f, var U)
• Photovoltaic array simulator (14kW, 800V, 22A+)
or specially arranged circuits (180A, low voltage)
• High power loads, resistive, inductive
• D.S.O.
• All equipment calibrated to National
Standards with traceability
Facilities for testing inverters at
ITACS Lab
AC power 3-phase up to 30kVA (10kVA/phase)
Facilities for testing inverters at
ITACS Lab
Photovoltaic array simulator
(14kW, 800V, 22A)
or specially arranged circuits (180A, low voltage 12, 24, 48 or similar)
Facilities for testing inverters at
ITACS Lab
High power, loads, resistive, inductive, capacitive
Supply transformer
250 kVA
Input:
415 V, 3Ø
Output: 350 – 1200 V
412 – 120 A
Facilities for testing inverters at
ITACS Lab
High power, loads, resistive, inductive, capacitive
Facilities for testing inverters at
ITACS Lab
High power, loads, resistive, inductive, capacitive
3-phase
Load,
Resistors
&
Inductors
Facilities for testing inverters at
ITACS Lab
Test corner, Temperature chamber,
ITACS Open Area Test Site
Testing inverters at
ITACS Lab
• All equipment calibrated to National
Standards with traceability
• NATA accredited testing lab
• ITACS can issue “Certificate of Approval”
under JAS-ANZ accreditation schedule
• One-Stop shop for INVERTER testing