Transcript Chapter Thirteen

Week 10
Other Construction Drawings
Objective
• This chapter gives an overview of building
systems and the drawings that represent
them, specifically demolition, plumbing,
heating, ventilation and air conditioning,
and site plans
Electrical Plans
Figure 13-2 Electrical plan
for a kitchen
Electricity and its
Delivery
• Electricity is the flow of electrical power
– Generated at a power plant using fuel
• Fuel sources include:
– Coal, oil, and nuclear raw materials
– Solar, wind, and combustible gas from landfills
– Decomposing corn stalks
Electricity and its
Delivery (cont’d.)
Figure 13-6 How electricity is delivered within the house
Electrical Terms
• Flow of electrons: current measured in
amps
• Household electrical consumption
measured in kilowatt (1000 watts)
abbreviated kW
• Total amount of electrical energy used is
measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh)
– kWh: work performed by one kilowatt in one
hour
Electrical Terms
(cont’d.)
• Electric meter measures amount of energy
customer uses
Figure 13-7
Residential electric
watt-hours meter
Electrical Terms
(cont’d.)
• Service panel
– Receives electricity into the house from the
service entrance or meter box
– Distributes it throughout via branch circuits
– Large metal box
• Contains circuit breakers or fuses
• Circuit
– Includes the conductor, switching device(s),
and the outlet for a load
Electrical Terms
(cont’d.)
• Voltage: pressure that forces electrons
through a wire
• Current: flow of electrons through a wire,
measured in amperes
• Appliance: general term for any item
powered through a plug and a flexible cable
• Watt: unit of power, calculated as energy
per unit of time
• Lamp: technical term for light bulb
Electrical Terms
(cont’d.)
• Fixture: consists of map, reflector, opening,
housing, and connection to power source
– May contain ballast to regulate power
• Conduit: hollow tube that holds conductors
• Switch: electrical device that opens and
closes circuit
– Types: toggle, push-button, dimmer, timer,
joystick, single-pole, three-way, four-way
Electrical Terms
(cont’d.)
• Convenience outlet: receptacle; connection
device
• Ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI):
safety device installed on circuit
• Ground: electrical connection to earth
• Special outlets: phone jacks, TV antenna
jacks, alarm systems, etc.
• Automated systems: low-voltage,
electronically controlled devices
Drawing the Electrical
Plan
Figure 13-14 Drafting common electrical symbols
Power/Telephone/Data
/VOIP Plans
• Shows where electrical outlets, phone
jacks, data ports, computers, video
equipment, and communications systems
are located
• Includes the following:
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Data ports
Digital subscriber lines
Telephony (includes Voice over IP)
Communication systems
Reflected Ceiling Plan
• View of the ceiling as if it were reflected
onto a mirror that is flat on the floor
• Shows ceiling materials, molding,
ornamentation, exposed structural
elements, HVAC, soffits, exposed beams,
skylights, building grid lines, and anything
else that is on or touches the ceiling
Reflected Ceiling Plan
(cont’d.)
Figure 13-27 Rich ornamentation is described on a refracted
ceiling plan.
Climate Control Plans
• Shows HVAC systems
• Drawings: mechanical and equipment plans
• Includes furnaces, air conditioners, water
heaters, ducts, filters, humidifiers, pipes,
control devices, outlets registers and vents
Climate Control Terms
• Natural gas: energy source for gas-fueled
furnaces
• Furnace: appliance that produces heat
• Air conditioner: appliance that cools, filters,
and dehumidifies air
• Heat pump: appliance that heats and cools
a building
• Thermostat: regulates temperature in a
furnace or air conditioner via sensors and
activating switches
Climate Control
Terms (cont’d.)
• Zone: specific area heated or cooled by one
unit
• Hydronic: heating or cooling system that
transfers heat via a circulating fluid
• Pipes: copper tubes round in cross-section,
that serve as the distribution method in
hydronic systems
• Humidifier: appliance that adds moisture to
the house
Climate Control
Terms (cont’d.)
• Ducts: distribution and return-air path in a
forced-air system
• Register: outlet in a forced-air system
through which air is returned to a room
• Forced-air heat systems: furnace draws
room air through ductwork and returns the
warmed air to the rooms
• Flexible tubes and panels heat system:
radiant system
Reading the
Mechanical Plan
Figure 13-42 Examples of the pipes and fittings that mechanical
symbols and plans schematically represent
Plumbing Plans
Figure 13-43 Plumbing plan
Plumbing Terms
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Water heater
PEX: cross-linked polyethylene
Water pipes
Fixture
Trap: S-shaped section of pipe
Valve: controls flow
Stack: vertical pipe
Stack wall
Clean-out
Plumbing Terms (cont’d.)
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Well
Main
Hose bib
Septic tank
Sump pump
Freshwater water delivery
Waste water discharge
Demolition Plans
Figure 13-60 Demolition plan
Site Plans
• North arrow: shows the solar orientation
of the house
• Engineer scale: used to dimension the
property
• Footprint: building’s shape, size and
orientation
• Property lines: physical boundaries
• Hard surfaces: include walks, entries,
driveways, access roads, and patios
• Waterways: include rivers and lakes
Site Plans (cont’d.)
• Utility lines: include gas, electricity, water,
and sewer lines
• Vegetation: comprises trees and shrubs
• Contour lines: show ground elevations
• Legal description: includes location of the
property lines
• Details: construction drawings
• Related drawings: survey, plots,
landscape plans
Summary
• Many different types of drawings are
included in a set of instructions for
constructing or renovating a building
• Floor plans, elevations, sections, details,
electrical, water, and building systems
drawings are all necessary to describe
the design
• While the interior designer may not draw
all of them, it is useful to be able to read
them and recognize key features