Transcript The Human Reproductive System

THE HUMAN
REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
Day 1
The Reproductive System
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Consists of organs which enable reproduction
Includes internal organ and external genitalia
Produces reproductive cells, hormones and
other substances needed for reproduction
The reproductive systems in males and
females are different from one another
Day 2
GROWTH OF A HUMAN BEING
Day 2
The MALE reproductive system
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Testes produce sperm
cells and a hormone
called testosterone
Sperm cells undergo
maturation in the testis
Fluids produced in the
glands inside your body
and sperm cells form
semen
Day 2
The MALE reproductive system
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Major parts of the male reproductive system
ORGAN
DESCRIPTION
FUNCTION
Sperm ducts
Tubes connecting
testis to urethra
Transport sperm to the
urethra
urethra
Connecting tubes
Brings sperm and urine
outside the body AT
DIFFERENT TIMES
testes
Organs found outside
the body
Produces sperm
penis
Tubular organ
Used to place sperm inside a
female
Day 2
Purpose of Male Reproductive System
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Spermatogenesis
Hormone production
Deliver the sperm
to the egg
Testis
 Contains seminiferous tubules, which are the sites of
sperm production
Sperm production
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Semen
 Sperm
 Fluid from seminal vesicles
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Contains prostaglandins
 Alkaline fluid from prostate gland
 Mucous alkaline lubricant from Cowper’s or
bulbourethral gland
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The FEMALE Reproductive system
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The egg cells and
hormones
progesterone and
estrogen are produced
in the ovaries
Females are born with
two million immature
egg cells; no new cells
are produced after
Day 2
The FEMALE reproductive system
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Major parts of the female reproductive system
ORGAN
DESCRIPTION
FUNCTION
Fallopian
tubes
Connects the ovary
with the uterus
Transports the egg from
the ovary to the uterus
Uterus
A muscular organ
Where the fetus develops
during pregnancy
Ovaries
Located on either
side of the fallopian
tubes
Where the eggs are
produced
Vagina
Muscular tube
Where the sperms are
deposited
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2
Female Reproductive System
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Its ovulation time!
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Menstrual cycle: hormones!
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Follicular (Ovarian) Cycle
The Menstrual cycle
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Release of blood and tissue of a female
through the vagina
Has 2 phases
 Phase
1: 14 days; starts with menstruation and
ends during ovulation
 When
menstruation ends, the uterine lining grows and
thickens in preparation for pregnancy
 Several eggs start to mature in the ovary
 The ovary releases a hormone that will trigger start of
ovulation
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The Menstrual cycle
 Phase
2: 14 days; starts after ovulation
 Uterine
lining starts to thicken further with blood
vessels
 If no pregnancy, the level of hormones drop causing
the breakdown of the uterine lining
 This causes menstruation
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This is also the first sign of puberty in females
Day 4
Day 4
Day 4
Sexual Intercourse (AKA Coitus)
1. Sexual arousal prepares male and female organs
for coitus
2. Male organ enters the female organ.
3. Orgasm in the male leads to ejaculation of spermcontaining semen from the male organ into the
female organ
4. If lucky, the winning sperm cell will encounter a
viable egg cell and fertilization occurs
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Fertilization
 The process of the sperm cell entering the egg cell
and the combination of the haploid genes from
each of the gametes to form a diploid embryo
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Pregnancy
 The condition of carrying embryo(s) in the uterus
 Culminates in birth brought about by strong uterine
contractions
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Ectopic pregnancy
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Embryo
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Gastrulation
Preembryo becomes embryo as three primary
germ layers form.
Prembryo
Embryo
Triploblastic
Layers
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Fetal Skeletons
Endoderm
Developmental Events-Table 28.2
Feeding the Growing Fetus
The Third Trimester
Forceps
Natural Delivery
Caesarean
Common disorders of the
Reproductive system
Day 4
females
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Irregular menstrual
cycle
 Caused by failure to
ovulate or blocked
fallopian tubes
Tissue growth outside
the uterus
Hormonal imbalances
males
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Impotence
 Inability to have
sexual intercourse
Low sperm count
 > 20Mil/ml of semen
 Physical injury,
Klinefelter’s
syndrome
Disorders may be
caused by lifestyle
factors such as
smoking, alcohol and
drug consumption
Day 4
Care for the Reproductive system
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Wash private parts daily
to get rid of bacteria
Avoid wearing tight pants
or underwear as they can
cause skin irritation, heat
to build up in the groin
area
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This can affect the sperm
count in males
Avoid using perfumed
soaps and toilet papers
Have regular medical
checkups
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STDs
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APPLICATIONS OF REPRODUCTION
Day 4
Increase in population (You don’t say?)
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Through Artificial Insemination
 Sperm
is collected, processed and artificially
delivered to a female animal
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Through Embryo transfer
 Fertilized
eggs are placed in the uterus of a
female animal
*these methods are used for breeding cows,
chickens, etc.
*improves food production for the human
population
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