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Figure 14-1 Diagram of the anatomy of the testis and associated ducts.
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Figure 14-3 Low-magnification view of seminiferous tubules and interstitial Leydig cells.
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Figure 14-7 Diagram of the structure of a mature spermatozoon.
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Figure 14-10 High-magnification view of the epithelium of the epididymis. Note the small volume of the spermatozoon nucleus in comparison with the nuclei of the
epithelium.
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Figure 14-18 Low-magnification view of the cortex of the ovary showing a secondary follicle with an antrum and a prominent theca interna, primordial follicles, and the
overlying germinal epithelium.
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Figure 14-21 View of a secondary follicle with a fluid-filled antrum. Note the large size of the oocyte cytoplasm and the large, euchromatic nucleus with a large, prominent
nucleolus. Mitotic figures are visible in the granulosa layer, which is separated from the theca layer by the glassy membrane.
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Figure 14-23 Oocyte undergoing metaphase of the first meiotic division. The meiotic spindle has moved to one pole of the oocyte, the zona pellucida has loosened its
attachments to the oocyte, and the granulosa cells of the corona radiata are starting to detach. Several cortical granules are visible just beneath the oocyte plasma
membrane.
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Figure 14-24 Diagram of the human reproductive cycle.
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Figure 14-37 Diagram of the development of the blastocyst and placenta. A, Embryonic cells have become segregated into an inner cell mass and a trophoblast layer. B,
At a later time, the inner cell mass has developed cavities that will become the amniotic cavity and the yolk sac, and two cell layers that will form the embryo-the epiblast
and hypoblast-have appeared. C, At a still later time, the amnion and amniotic cavity have fully formed, the three germ layers of the embryo (ectoderm, mesoderm, and
endoderm) have formed, and extraembryonic mesenchyme has filled the interval between the embryo and placenta. The placenta has developed two layers: the outer
syncytiotrophoblast and the inner cytotrophoblast.
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Figure 7-1 Diagram of the cardiovascular and lymphatic circulatory systems. The arterial side is shown in red-colored vessels, the venous side in blue-colored vessels,
and some lymph nodes and the lymphatic circulation in purple-colored vessels. Note that the lymphatic circulation drains into the inferior vena cava through the thoracic
duct, the largest diameter lymphatic vessel; this is the major site for lymph to re-enter the blood circulation although there are others. A schematic representation of the
wall structure of typical arteries and veins are shown near their location in the diagram. The three layers of the vessel walls are colored to correspond to their basic tissue
type.
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Figure 7-2 Diagram of the heart shows both atria and ventricles, the ascending and descending vena cava, the aortic arch and its three branches that carry blood to the
head, and the conducting system of the heart (shown in yellow)-the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, the bundle of His, and the Purkinje fibers. The direction of
conduction is shown by the dark blue arrows. The supporting structures of the valves, the chordae tendinae, are also shown.
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Figure 7-5 A and B, The same neurovascular bundle (part A, H&E, 31×; part B, orcein, 31×). C, Resorcin-fuchsin elastic stain of the femoral artery and vein of
a small mammal (80×). In part A, the thick muscular walls of the artery and the vein are evident; the arterial wall is thicker, rounder, and of smaller caliber than the
vein. The nerve fiber is also well stained. In part B, the amount and distribution of elastin fibers in the artery are well demonstrated; a prominent IEL and EEL are seen. In
contrast, the companion vein has a significant elastin content, but the elastin fibers are seen throughout the tunica media and the tunica adventitia with no particular
distribution. The nerve is noticeable because of its round, unstained shape. The paired vessels in both sections illustrate the relationship of wall thickness, caliber, shape,
and elastin content and the distribution of companion arteries and veins. The three layers of the arteries in both sections are readily identifiable. The companion muscular
artery and vein in part C are larger than those in parts A and B, so the elastin fiber content is more pronounced. The structural characteristics of paired vessels are well
demonstrated in this specimen. Several nerve bundles are seen above the vessels. A bundle of skeletal muscle fibers is also seen at bottom right.
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Figure 7-6 Companion arteries and veins of the small category are seen in these H&E-stained sections. Part A is from the submucosa of the colon (200×), and part
B from the submucosa of the jejunum (240×). A, The vessels are of comparable caliber although the artery has a thicker wall and is somewhat rounder than its
companion vein-a reminder that rules in biology are replete with exceptions. The IEL of the artery is visible as a wavy red line with a few endothelial cell nuclei visible on
the luminal surface. The nuclei of smooth muscle cells of the tunica media are seen in both vessels. A number of lymphatic vessels are seen near the blood vessels; in a
few of these, the endothelial cell nuclei can be identified. B, The paired vessels in this section are about 20% smaller than those in part A (note the difference in
magnification). In this case, the IEL of the artery is barely visible, but its presence is evident by the slight clear line under the endothelial cells and the wavy luminal border
of the vessel. The much thinner wall and larger caliber lumen of the vein (allowing for the fact that the vein is probably obliquely sectioned), are also evident. There are
many lymphatic vessels in this section, some filled with slightly different amounts or concentrations of lymph fluid.
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Figure 7-18 Electron micrographs and diagrammatic drawings of the leukocytes. A, PMN in which the polymorphic nuclear shape and many cytoplasmic granules are
seen. B, Eosinophil showing its characteristic bilobed nucleus and large, crystalloid-containing cytoplasmic granules. C, Basophil. The granules and bilobed nucleus are
seen to greater advantage in the EM compared with the LM. D, Monocyte showing its many cytoplasmic details (e.g., the indented nucleus and associated Golgi
apparatus, the centrosome and one of the centrioles, numerous profiles of rER and sER, lysosomes, and peroxisomes). (Courtesy of Patricia Cross, Stanford University
School of Medicine.) E, Small lymphocyte. Note the round nucleus and relatively uncomplicated cytoplasm of this cell compared with the other leukocytes. F, Composite
micrograph of two platelets in two planes of section. A peripheral bundle of microtubules can be seen in both section planes. Many dense granules, some profiles of the
platelet canalicular system, and a cluster of glycogen granules are also visible. (EMs for parts A, B, C, and E from Kierszenbaum A. Histology and Cell Biology.
Philadelphia, Mosby, 2002, pp 150-153. EM for part F from Pollard TD, Earnshaw WC. Cell Biology. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 2002, p 483.)
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