ETHICS PART III
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Transcript ETHICS PART III
ETHICS PART III
GOODNESS & EQUALITY
Why Be Good?
Introduction
Why be good?
Other People
Practical Answer
Goodness For its Own Sake
Reformulation
Practical Answer
A Religious Answer
Goodness for its own sake
Analogies
Socrates
Background
Life & Death
Wisdom
The Real Socrates
Ethical Theory
Virtue
Why be moral?
Ethical Intellectualism
Knowledge & Goodness, Ignorance & Evil
Socrates
Socrates’ Contributions
Plato
Ethical Theory
Plato
Background
The Death of Socrates
Life
Comprehensive Philosophy
The Ring of Gyges
The Challenge
Glaucon want to hear a defense of justice
Injustice & Justice
The Nature & Origin of Justice
The Origin & Essence of Justice
Justice & Power
Why People are Just
The Ring of Gyges
The Ring of Gyges
The Thought Experiment
The Story
The Point
Choice Between Lives
Face to Face
The Just Man
Judgment
Moral Education
Introduction
Moral Education Involves
Controversy
Practical Matters
Nature, Possibility, Desirability
Human Nature?
Possible?
Desirable?
Moral Education
Who, Why, What?
Purpose?
Educators?
One Morality?
Several Moralities?
Content?
Methods?
Habit & Virtue
The Origin & Nature of Virtue
Human Nature
Natural Faculties
Acquiring Virtues
City States
Learning Crafts
Learning Virtues
Habit & Virtue
General Rules
General Rules
Ethics is not theoretical
Right Principle
Outline
Cardinal Rule
Virtue: Excess & Deficiency
Fostering of Virtues
Health Analogy
Fostering Virtues
Habit & Virtue
Pleasure & Pain
Index of Moral Progress
Moral Goodness
Standards of Regulating Actions
Concern
Habit & Virtue
An Objection & Replies
Objection
First Reply-Arts
Reply-Distinguishing
Reply-Distinguishing & Acquiring
Medicine Analogy
Habit & Virtue
Practice
Putting it into Practice
Discourses on Morality
The Many & Discourse
All Means
Analogy to Land
Habit & Virtue
Education in Goodness
Education of the Youth
Regulation of Life
Guidance
Parents-Second Choice
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Background
Life
Some Works
The Corruption of Man
Emotional
Noble Savage
Discourse on the Arts and Science
Discourse on Inequality
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
The Social Contract
The Work
Degeneration
Contracting
Sovereignty and Government
Education
Emile
Three Sections of Growth
Condemnation
Emile
The Object of Education
Degeneration
Needs & Education
Sources of Education
Nature
The Education of Emile Age 10 or 12
Result
Speaking
Natural
Moral Ideas
Emile
Education of Emile Age 15
Result
Reason
Emile’s Qualities
More Qualities
Equality
Introduction
Equality
Questions About Equality
Mary Wollstonecraft
Background
Life
Feminism
Works
Vindication of the Rights of Women
Wealth
Evil Flows from the respect paid to property
Hereditary Wealth
Virtues & Impediments
Acquiring Virtues-Duties
Morality & Equality
Dependence as impediment
Impediments: Wealth, charm, hereditary property
Duties
Happiness
Vindication of the Rights of Women
The Slavery of Women
Cause of Misery
Distinction of Rank
Wealth
Laws
Duties & Virtues
Duties
Society & Duties
Becoming Virtuous
Wealth as an Impediment
Vindication of the Right of Women
Society
Representation
Problems
More Problems
Solution
Government & Virtue
Respect & Protection
Respect
Protection
Vindication of the Right of Women
Conclusion
Entreaty
Motivation for Men
Dr. King
Background
Life
Education
Accomplishments & Contributions
I Have a Dream
Why, When & How
100 Years Ago & Now
The basis of the claim
When?
How?
Marching Ahead
The Dream
American Dream
Hope, Faith & Freedom
Species Equality
Introduction
Animals
Common Uses of Animals
Quetsions
Views
Whether It Is Unlawful to Kill Any Living Thing
Thomas Aquinas
Objections
Objection 1: Preservation of Living Things
Objection 2: Deprivation of Life
Objection 3: Special Punishment
Augustine
Augustine: Thou shalt not kill
Answer: Purpose
Use
Whether It Is Unlawful to Kill Any Living Thing
Replies
Objection 1: For Man (Augustine)
Objection 2: Lack Reason
Objection 3: Use
Rene Descartes
Life & Works
Life
Published Works
The Automatism of Animals
Descartes
Error & Motion
Error
Two Different Principles of Movements
Appearance of Thought
Proof
Argument for Animals Thinking
Criticism of the Argument
The Automatism of Animals
Bodies
Bodies & Motion Argument
Automata Argument
Language Argument
Life
Duties Towards Animals
Immanuel Kant
Animals
Animals
Animals are Merely Means
Animal Nature Analogous to Human Nature
Duties Towards Animals
Hogarth’s Engravings
Love of Animals
Leibniz
Tender Feelings
Treatment of Animals
Conclusion
Utilitarian Argument
Argument
Introduction
Principle & Scope
Standard Argument for Moral Relevance
Argument Template
Example
Example