Transcript Ethics Powerpoint Slides - University of Nebraska Omaha

Ethics: Personal and Business
Ellen Freeman-Wakefield
Director of Professional Programs
University of Nebraska at Omaha
School of Public Administration
[email protected]
402-554-2636
Women and Administration, June, 2016
Women and Administration, June, 2016
Women and Administration, June, 2016
Women and Administration, June, 2016
Ethics
What ethical principles that you
acquired during childhood still
guide you today?
Women and Administration, June, 2016
Ethics Vocabulary
RESPONSIBILITY
OBLIGATION
VIRTUE
MORALS
COURAGE
SELF - RESPECT
HONSETY
CHARACTER
IDEALS
PROFESSIONALISM
Women and Administration, June, 2016
What is Ethics?
• The study of the general nature of morals and
of the specific moral choices to be made by
the individual in relationship to others
• The moral science as a whole including moral
philosophy and customary, civil and religious
laws.
Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary
Women and Administration, June, 2016
What is Ethics?
• Rules or standards governing the conduct of
the members of a profession
• Any set of moral principals or values
• Moral quality of a course of action, fitness,
propriety
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Question?
Is it ethical while you are here to
cut sessions, if your university paid
for you to attend?
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Ethical Choices
• What you find is that the tough ethical choices
are not between good and evil, but rather
between two goods:
•
•
•
•
Truth versus Loyalty
Short term versus long term
Justice versus Mercy
Individual versus Community
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Why Ethics is Central to Leadership
• Influence dimension - of leadership requires the
leader to have the impact on the lives of
followers
• Power and Control - differences create enormous
ethical responsibilities for leader’s
• Respect for persons - sensitive to followers’ own
interests, and needs
• Leaders help to establish and reinforce
organizational values – provide an ethical climate
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Ethical Leadership
• Combines ethical behavior with ethical
decision making
• Requires the leader to foster ethical
organizational behavior
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Principles of Ethical Leadership
Respects
Others
Builds
Community
Serves
Others
Ethical
Leadership
Manifests
Honesty
Shows
Justice
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Principles of Ethical Leadership
• Ethics – is central to
leadership because of:
Ethical
Leadership
– The process of influence
– The need to engage
followers to accomplish
mutual goals
– The impact leaders have
on establishing the
organization’s values and
in public management
establishing and keeping
public trust
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Principles of Ethical Leadership
Treating others as
ends in themselves
(their own goals)
rather than as a
means (to leaders’
personal goals)
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RESPECT
OTHERS
Principles of Ethical Leadership
Follower centered –
Based on the
altruistic principals
of placing followers
foremost in the
leaders plans
SERVE OTHERS
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Principles of Ethical Leadership
JUSTICE
• Ethical leaders are
concerned with
issues of fairness
and justice; they
place issues of
fairness at the
center of their
decision making
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Principles of Ethical Leadership
HONEST
Honest leaders are
authentic but also
sensitive to the
feelings and
attitudes of others
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Principles of Ethical Leadership
Concern for the
common good
means leaders
cannot impose their
will on others; they
search for goals that
are compatible with
everyone
Building
Community
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What about ………
• Values
• Morals
• Character
• Law
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Values
• Acts, customs or institutions that a group of
people regard in a favorable manner
• Intrinsically valuable or desirable principles or
qualities
• Equality
• Freedom
• Hard work
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Values
• What really matter to most of us
• Personal and societal beliefs
“ A perfect value consists in without witness all
that we could have done in front of the entire
world”
Nobel Laureate Gabriela Mistral
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Morals
• A set of rules or modes of conduct upon which
society is based, very similar to ethics
• Four points to remember:
–
–
–
–
Moral rules are important
Morality consists of universal rules
Morals are objective
Morality affects people
• Conforms to accepted rules of right and wrong
• Established by society
Women and Administration, June, 2016
Character
• Ethics is not only about how we think and act,
it is also about character
• Pattern of behavior or personality trait of an
individual or group that denotes moral
strength
• Drives what we do when no-one is looking
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Character
• Involves a choice to act morally at all times
• We build character by how we live, thinking
good thoughts, performing good acts.
– Similarly bad thoughts = bad behavior
• Character pertains to organizations too.
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Laws
• A set of rules and regulations designed to express
the needs of and to control a society
• Protect people from despicable affronts to
morality, such as rape, murder and theft
• Needed to maintain for a function society
• Change to reflect a society’s changing standards
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Ethics Morals and the Law
• Morals
• Classification of Actions
• Principals of right and wrong
• Ethics
Unethical
• A set of moral principles
guiding behavior and action
Ethical
• Laws
Legal
• Binding codes of conduct;
formally recognized and
enforced
• Company Policies
Unethical
but legal
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Illegal
Ethical but
Illegal
Illegal but ethical
Do you consider the following illegal but
ethical?
– Running a red light if someone’s life depended on
it
– Allow someone else to use your asthma inhaler
– Leasing a car or apartment in your name for a
homeless family member
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Legal but unethical
• Do you consider the following legal but
ethical?
– Legal to operate a pyramid scheme, but unethical
to promise they will make $40K a week
– Nike: Overseas sweatshop
– Privatization of the world’s water supply
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Ethical Dilemmas or Landmines
• Like unexploded bombs, issues must be
defused before they blow up
– Company expectations for employee commitment
– Pressure from managers and co-workers
– Opportunities for unethical behavior
– Internal pressure in the form of personal
ambitious
– External forces such as family needs
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Ethical Dilemmas or Landmines
• Personal reputations, legal standing,
company’s public name at risk
• Much is at the stake for companies and
individuals in facing ethical dilemmas
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Duty Based Ethical Decision Making
• One has the duty or obligation to do the right
thing, regardless of outcome
• An act is moral if it could become a universal
rule for society
• To consider the morality of an act, one must
consider the perspective of both doer and
recipient
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Utilitarian Ethical Decision Making
• Moral behavior is tied to the common good
• Results are the measure of moral behavior,
not the intent
• An act is good if it results in the greatest
benefit for the most people
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Work Ethics:
A group of moral principles, standards of behavior, or set of
values regarding proper conduct in the workplace
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Work Place Ethics
Relationships at Work
• Management/owner toward community
• Management/owner toward Mayor and City
Council
• Employee toward Church, Minister, and Board
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Work Place Ethics
Business Abuse:
• Any, Illegal, unethical irresponsible act done
against an employer resulting in:
• Higher prices
• Business Failure
• Fewer Jobs
• Unpleasant Working Conditions
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Work Place Ethics
Examples of Work Place Abuse
• Stealing
• Merchandise
• Money
* Shoplift
* Kickback
* Conflict of Interest
* Unauthorized Discounts
• Time
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Work Place Ethics
Examples of Work
Place Abuse
• Vandalism
• Falsify Records
• Break Confidentiality
• Ignore Safety Rules
• Misrepresent Merchandise
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Work Place Ethics
Examples of Work
Place Abuse
• Poor Client Service
• Irresponsible Behavior
• Addictions
* drugs
* alcohol
* tobacco
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Work Place Ethics
Examples of Work Place Abuse
• Sexual Harassment
– Harassment of Co-worker or member of the
congregation
– Unwelcome sexual advances
– Compliance as condition of employment
– Interferes with work performance through
intimidation
• Gossip
– Cause poor work environment and lowers productivity
Women and Administration, June, 2016
Work Place Ethics
How Employers Respond to
Work Place Abuse
• Increase Security
– loss prevention
management.
– surveillance
– Networks
– Helplines
– Threats of
prosecution
Increase Employee Loyalty
− fair wages & benefits
− fair/consistent
treatment
− recognition for good
work
− foster family climate
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Work Place Ethics
As Employees, What Are your Choices?
• Ignore the abuse
• Rationalize it away
• Speak Up
• Discuss to Clarify Issues
• Blow the Whistle!
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Ethical Decision Making Model
STOP
AND
THINK
MONITOR
AND
MODIFY
CLARIFY
GOALS
DETERMINE FACTS
CHOOSE
CONSIDER
DEVELOP
CONSEQUENCES
OPTIONS
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Determining an ethical action: Seven
practical steps
• Is the actions legal?
• How will it make me feel about myself?
• Is it fair to all concerned?
• Is it the truth?
Women and Administration, June, 2016
Determining an ethical action: Seven
practical steps
• Will it build goodwill and better friendships?
• Will it cause anyone personal loss or pain, or
violate confidentiality, or harm somebody in
any other way?
• Is there a conflict of interest?
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Final Thought
“If…. You can’t be a good example, then you’ll
just have to be a horrible warning.”
Catherine Aird
Women and Administration, June, 2016