Transcript C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING

PROFESSIONAL AND PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
Mrs. Maxima B. Ong, RN, MAN
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OVERVIEW:
Few years ago a lot of universities and schools in Metro
Manila increased their enrollees for the nursing profession.
This is due to the open recruitment in the USA. A lot of
students were second courser who was motivated by their
relatives, parents, and friends to enroll into the nursing
profession? Do they really belong to this profession?
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OVERVIEW:
Perhaps you have heard many people say that nursing is
a vocation. Webster defines a profession as “an occupation or
calling requiring advanced training and experience in some
specific or specialized body of knowledge which provides
service to society in that special field. It is an occupation
requiring a unique body of knowledge and skills.
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OBJECTIVES:
Utilize the ethico-moral principles as guide in the
resolution of problems and issues in nursing practice.
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A. ETHICO-MORAL ASPECT OF NURSING
Code of Ethics for Nurses in the Philippines
 The Code of Nursing Ethics in the Philippines was adapted
from the ICN Code of Ethics. It is embodies in the
Professional Regulation Commission’s Board of Nursing
Resolution No. 633 series of 1984.
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A. ETHICO-MORAL ASPECT OF NURSING
1. Ethical Concepts Applied to Nursing
5-fold fundamental responsibilities of the nurse
a. To promote
b. To prevent illness
c. To restore health
d. To alleviate suffering
e. To promote the spiritual environment of the
patient.
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A. ETHICO-MORAL ASPECT OF NURSING
2.
The need for nursing is universal. Inherent in nursing is:
 Respect for life
 Respect for dignity and rights of man
 It is unrestricted by consideration of nationality, race, creed, color,
age, sex, politics or social status.
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A. ETHICO-MORAL ASPECT OF NURSING
3. Nurses render health services to the individual, family and
community and coordinate their services with those of related
groups.
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B. THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR NURSES
The ICN is the organization through which nurses all
over the world collaborate in strengthening nursing practice
service, nursing education and professional ethics. It is
composed of national nursing association from each member
country.
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B. THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR NURSES
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
The Philippine Nurses Association became a member in
1929 at the ICN’s congress in Montreal, Canada.

ICN was organized in July 1, 1899. Nurses from
England, USA, Canada, New Zealand, Australia and
Denmark were the founding members.
B. THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR NURSES
Purpose: (ICN)
To provide a medium through which national nurses
association may share their common interests working
together to develop the contributor of nursing to the
promotion of health of the people and the care of the sick.
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B. THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR NURSES
Function: (ICN)
1) Promote the organization of national nurses association and
advise them in their continued development.
2)To assist national nurses associations to play their part in
developing and improving the health services for the public,
the practice of nursing, the social and economic welfare of
nurses.
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B. THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR NURSES
Function: (ICN)
3) To provide means of communication between nurses
throughout the world for mutual understanding and
cooperation.
4) To establish and maintain liaison and cooperation with other
international organizations and to serve as representative and
spokesman of nurses at the international level.
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B. THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR NURSES
Function: (ICN)
5) To receive and manage funds and trusts
which contribute to the advancement of nursing or for the
benefit of nurses.
6) To do all such as things as may be incidental
or conducive to the attainment of the
objectives of the ICN.
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B. THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR NURSES
 The INC meets every four (4) years.
 The official organ is the International Nursing Review
published quarterly.
 Headquarters: 1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland.
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C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING
1) Nurses and the Profession
 Nurse plays the major role in determining and implementing
desirable standards of nursing practice and nursing
education.
 Nurse is active in developing a core of professional
knowledge.
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C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING
1) Nurses and the Profession
 Nurse, acting through the professional organizations,
participate in establishing and maintaining equitable social
and economic working conditions in nursing.
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C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING
Supplementing the above Code of Ethics, the following rules
are adopted and promulgated:
1) Nurses shall perform their professional duties in conformity
with existing laws and generally accepted principles of moral
conduct and proper decorum.
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C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING
Supplementing the above Code of Ethics, the following rules are
adopted and promulgated:
2) The nurse must know their responsibilities in the practice of their
profession. They must acquire and develop the necessary
knowledge, competence and skills and attitude to effectively
render proper nursing services. He/she is responsible for
negligence, malpractice, and wrongful act or omission in the
performance of the said responsibilities.
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C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING
Supplementing the above Code of Ethics, the following rules are
adopted and promulgated:
3) Solicitation, direct or indirect of patient is repugnant to the
honor and dignity of the nursing profession and constitutes an
ethical conduct.
4) Nurse shall not allow the use of their names in the promotion of
any commercial product or services.
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C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING
The Philippine Nurses Association Code for Nurses was
produced by a Special Committee on the Code of Ethics headed
by Dean Julita V. Sotejo adopted by the PNA House of
Delegates on October 27, 1982 and the PNA members during
the annual meeting on October 22, 1982. It reads:
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C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING
Fundamental Concepts:
Health is the fundamental right of every individual.
Therefore, the nurses’ primary responsibility is to preserve health
at all costs. This responsibility encompasses promotion of health,
prevention of illness, alleviation of suffering and restoration of
health.
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C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING
Fundamental Concepts:

Standards of practice vary in different settings.
 Society is ever-changing and the nurse
changes.

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responds to
Respects for the rights and dignity of individuals
is basic to the practice of the profession.
C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING
2) Nurses and People
 Values, customs and spiritual beliefs held by individuals are to be
respected.
 Nurses hold in strict confidence personal information acquired in
the process of giving nursing care. They use discriminative
judgment in sharing these.
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C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING
3)
Nurses and Practice
 Nurses are the advocate of the patients. Take appropriate steps to
safeguard the patients’ rights and privileges.
 Nurses are aware that their nursing actions have professional,
ethical, moral and legal dimensions. They strive to perform their
work in the best interest of all concerned.
 Nurses observe personal and professional decorum at all times.
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C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING
4) Nurses and Co-Workers
 Maintain collaborative working relationships with their co-
workers and other members of the health team.
 Recognize their capabilities and limitations accepting
responsibilities and those of their co-workers when delegating
responsibilities to them.
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C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING
5) Nurses and Society
 Contributing members of society.
 Assume responsibilities inherent in being a member and citizen of
the community/society in which they live/work.
 Recognize the need for change and initiates, participates and
supports activities to meet the health and social needs of the
people.
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C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING
INTERPRETATIVE STATEMENTS:
 To fully appreciate and understand the Code of Ethics
interpretative statements hereby follow:
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C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING
INTERPRETATIVE STATEMENTS:
a)
The primary responsibility of the nurse to patient is to give him
the kind of care his conditions needs regardless of his race, color,
nationality or status:
 The patient care shall be based on the physician orders and his
ailment, and shall involve the patients and his family so they can
participate in his care.
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C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING
INTERPRETATIVE STATEMENTS:
b) Nurses are advised to become familiar with the Patients’ Bill of
Rights (12 Bill of Rights).
c) The patient and his family are entitled to know information or
facts within the limits determined by the physician. If the patient
insists on knowing what his diagnosis is.
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C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING
INTERPRETATIVE STATEMENTS:
d) Any information gathered by the nurse during the course of care
to the patients should always be treated confidential.
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C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING
INTERPRETATIVE STATEMENTS:
This duty extends even after the patient’s death.
Confidential information may be revealed only
when:
1) The patient himself permits such revelation as in the case of
claims for hospitalization, insurance benefits, etc.
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C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING
INTERPRETATIVE STATEMENTS:
This duty extends even after the patient’s death.
Confidential information may be revealed only
when:
2) The case of medico-legal such as attempted suicides, gunshot wounds
which has to be reported to the local police or NBI or constabulary.
3) The patient is ill of communicable disease where public safety may be
jeopardized.
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C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING
INTERPRETATIVE STATEMENTS:
This duty extends even after the patient’s death.
Confidential information may be revealed only
when:
4) To members of the health team if information
is relevant to his care.
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C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION is only revealed as provided
for by law Article IV, Section 4 (1) of the New Constitution which
states that:
“The privacy of communication and correspondence shall be
inviolable except upon lawful order of the court or when public safety and
order require otherwise.”
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C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING
INTERPRETATIVE STATEMENTS:
e)
Nurses should not accept tips or expensive gifts that may induce
them to give more care to favored patients and neglect those
who cannot give.
 Nurses should not treat patients in a manner that would show
concern whether the patient is rich or poor.
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C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING
INTERPRETATIVE STATEMENTS:
f) When a nurse is engaged by a patient or any agency, he/she
should complete the service for the length of time stipulated by
the contract.
 He/she may not leave a patient or an agency without proper
permission or resignation or without relief and can be sued for
breach of contract or abandonment of duty if they do so.
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C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING
INTERPRETATIVE STATEMENTS:
g) Responsibilities of the nurses towards THEMSELVES:
1) Maintain competence by continued learning, it
is
expected that every possible means shall be utilized by them to
develop their skills.
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C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING
INTERPRETATIVE STATEMENTS:
g) Responsibilities of the nurses towards THEMSELVES:
2) Conduct should be such that would bring
credit to the
profession. Nurses are looked
upon with respect in the
community and therefore should endeavor to live a life that
would
uphold their self respect.
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C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING
INTERPRETATIVE STATEMENTS:
g) Responsibilities of the nurses towards THEMSELVES:
3) Nurses on duty should look neat and clean, use moderate
make-up. Clean uniforms and
clean bodies tend to enhance
the image of nurses.
- Male nurses are likewise advised to
be clean
shaven.
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C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING
INTERPRETATIVE STATEMENTS:
g) Responsibilities of the nurses towards THEMSELVES:
 Dining in public, shopping or going to the market while in uniform
is discouraged.
 Caps are worn only while on duty.
* Jewelry such as earrings, necklaces or bracelets
are not worn while on duty. However, wedding
rings, school rings or school pins may be worn.
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C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING
INTERPRETATIVE STATEMENTS:
h) Moral and Spiritual Responsibilities of Nurses
When a nurse is confronted with situations where moral
judgment is necessary, the nurse may be guided by the following
principles or rules:
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C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING
INTERPRETATIVE STATEMENTS:
h) Moral and Spiritual Responsibilities of Nurses
1) The Golden Rule – God said “Do unto
others what you would like others to do
unto you.”
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C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING
INTERPRETATIVE STATEMENTS:
h) Moral and Spiritual Responsibilities of Nurses
2) The Two-Fold Effect: When a nurse faces a situation which
may have a good and bad effect, how shall she choose which one
to follow? The basis of action may be on the following:
a) The action must be morally good.
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C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING
INTERPRETATIVE STATEMENTS:
h) Moral and Spiritual Responsibilities of Nurses
2) The Two-Fold Effect:
b) The good effect must be willed and the bad
effect merely allowed.
c) The good effect must not come from the
evil action but must come from the
action itself directly.
d) The good effect must have a greater effect
the bad effect.
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initial
than
C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING
INTERPRETATIVE STATEMENTS:
h) Moral and Spiritual Responsibilities of Nurses
3) The Principle of Totality – the whole is
greater than any of its parts.
i.e. Suppose a man’s foot is gangrenous,
consent to an amputation?
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should he
C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING
INTERPRETATIVE STATEMENTS:
h) Moral and Spiritual Responsibilities of Nurses
4) Epikia – “Exception to the general rule”
It is a reasonable presumption that the authority making the
law would not wish to bind a person in some particular case, even
though the case is covered by the letter of the law, i.e. allowing a
relative to see a seriously ill patient who expresses the desire to
see the former although it is not yet visiting hours.
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C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING
INTERPRETATIVE STATEMENTS:
h) Moral and Spiritual Responsibilities of Nurses
5) One who acts through an agent is himself
responsible.
i.e. a patient wants to have an abortion. Although the nurse
did not perform the abortion but if she recommended a doctor
who performs it, she then is liable as an accomplice.
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C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING
INTERPRETATIVE STATEMENTS:
h) Moral and Spiritual Responsibilities of Nurses
6) No one is obliged to betray himself.
In testifying before a court no one can force a person to
answer a question if such will
incriminate him/her.
7) The end does not justify the means.
i.e. giving a sleeping pills to a chronically ill person so she
can die in peace is morally wrong.
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C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING
INTERPRETATIVE STATEMENTS:
h) Moral and Spiritual Responsibilities of Nurses
8) Defects of nature may be corrected.
i.e. patients with a harelip or cleft palate may have their defects
corrected by plastic surgery.
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C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING
INTERPRETATIVE STATEMENTS:
h) Moral and Spiritual Responsibilities of Nurses
9)
If one is willing to cooperate in an act, no
justice is done to him.
i.e. a patient subject himself willingly to an experimental drug
and he has explained the possible effects of the drug, he is of right
age, and he is sane, there is no violation of human rights.
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C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING
INTERPRETATIVE STATEMENTS:
h) Moral and Spiritual Responsibilities of Nurses
10) A little more or less does not change the substance
of an act.
i.e. If a nurse gets medicine without permission from a hospital
stock, she will be guilty of theft if she get only one table of the
same.
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C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING
INTERPRETATIVE STATEMENTS:
h) Moral and Spiritual Responsibilities of Nurses
11) The morality of cooperation
i.e. Formal cooperation in an evil act is never allowed. Immoral
operations such as abortion should not be participated upon by
nurses even if the doctor commands it.
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C. VALUES AND VIRTUES IN NURSING
INTERPRETATIVE STATEMENTS:
h) Moral and Spiritual Responsibilities of Nurses
12) Principle relating to the origin and destruction of
life.
The owner of life is man, but it is God who gave life to man and
therefore, no one has the right to take life except God.
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