Transcript Life
1 BIOETHICS • Biomedical revolution - Medical revolution - Biological revolution • Social revolution : Autonomy Human rights Balanced by devotion to religion • Side effect of medical revolution : empowerment of scientist 2 Science and technology •Prolonging life - Resuscitation - Respirator technology - Dialysis - Organ Transplants •Quality of life - By pass surgery - Cornea transplant 3 •Technology Should be regulated to prevent disasters (assisted production, gene therapy) •Bioethics encompasses the full spectrum of ethical issues in the life sciences, health and health care 4 Bioethics •Responsibility of philosophers •Secure life on earth •improve quality of life •by establishing rules and regulations 5 Technological revolution in medicine •Assisted reproduction : increase possibility of conception Artificial insemination IVF and ET Gift and Zift 6 Organ Transplants •Prolong life or improve quality of life Kidney Kornea Heart Skin Liver Bone marrow Foetal brain tissue 7 Genetic Engineering • Fruits & Vegetables • Cloning (asexual reproduction) • Humanity improvement : Physical (athlete) Mental (smart) • Somatic cells • Seeds cells • Gene therapy • Eugenetics 8 RESPIRATOR • Vegetative life • Life maintenance 9 Humanity •Humanity is the basis of morality •Morality : everything that increases humanity •Morality Values ethics behavior 10 Ethics • Ethics may guide human behavior based on determination of what is right and what is wrong based on values and principles that exist at certain moments of time • Life - quality of life • Risk approach strategy • Anencephaly 11 Ethics discusses competing values and select the most urgent one ( for a certain condition ) Ethics usually chooses a central theme : - hedonism - collective - duty - nature (character) 12 •In life, some things are important and valuable : Health, life, justice, honesty, sincerity •Value of behavior : - Loyalty --- keep promises, respect for friendship - Justice --- to give what is the right of others - Honesty --- not to lie - Truth 13 Basic Values •Respect for life •Respect for human dignity •Respect for children ( future generation ) •Integrity of the family •Guarantee the welfare of future generations (ecology) 14 Competing Values Life - Quality of life Individual health - community health Parental rights - foetal rights Justice - risk approach strategy 15 Ethical aspects •Philosophical (reasoning) •Theological (farth) •Socio cultural (extraditions, customs) 16 Norm : translation of a value in every days life •Life : you shall not hill •Honest : always tell the truth 17 Development of Moral Vision •Autonomy of patients : - informed consent - Second opinion •Justice : - Risk approach strategy - Individual >< collective 18 Bioethics is not the domain of one profession, it is the concern of all schools of philosophers national as well as international 19 HIGH TECHNOLOGY AND ETHICAL PROBLEMS : • Is donation of sperm ethical ? • For how long should sperm be preserved ? • Should a sperm donor be known to the receiver or his child ? 20 IVF, GIFT dan ZIFT • For how long should zygote be preserved ? • Unused zygotes when discarded is similar to abortion ? • When does pregnancy begin • Reduction of embryos • Which combination is ethical • ova • sperm • womb 21 • Organ transplantation : Living donors ; compensation for organs, murder, moment of death. • Respirator : when to stop • Euthanasia • Abortion • Right of the fetus 22 TERIMA KASIH 23