Transcript Engineering Ethics

Silicon Prairie Initiative on Robotics in
Information Technology
Engineering
Ethics
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The meaning of ETHICS
 The
discipline dealing with what is
good and bad and with moral duty
and obligation.
 A set of moral principles or values
 A theory or system of moral values
 The principles of conduct governing
an individual or group
 Moral: of or relating to principles of
right or wrong in behavior
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Professional Ethics
 Lessons
learned at home, in school
and churches, mosques,
synagogues, or temples may not
provide enough explicit advice about
professional situations.
 If everyone's individually-learned
lessons were sufficient, why would
we need lawyers?
 Professional ethics involves
obligations to many stakeholders.
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Ethics in Engineering Design
 Engineering
work affects public health
and safety.
 Engineering can effect business practices
and politics.
 Personal ethics – how we treat others day
to day
 Professional ethics – deals with problems
at an organizational level.
 Two corporations
 Corporation and government
 Corporation and groups of individuals – the public
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Ethics and Design
 Ethics
problems are like design
problems
Open-ended, non-formulaic
No unique, correct answer
 Both
apply a large body of
knowledge to the solution of the
problem.
 Both involve the use of analytical
skills.
 Both use heuristics for the search.
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Ethics in Engineering Design
 Design
is a social activity
 Design involves PEOPLE
design team members
clients
manufacturers
USERS
 Designing
means accepting
responsibility for creating a design
for PEOPLE to use.
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The Prime Directive
The
prime directive in
American engineering ethics
is that Engineers shall hold
paramount the safety, health
and welfare of the public in
the performance of their
professional duties.
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“Code of Ethics” of the National Society for Professional Engineers.
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Engineering Societies
 Set
 Set
design standards
ethical standards addressing
conflicting obligations and their
resolution
 Provide mechanisms for helping
engineers investigate and evaluate
ethical behavior
 A Professional Society's Code of Ethics
addresses standards of behavior with
respect to
clients
the profession
the public
the law
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IEEE Code of Ethics
We, the members of the IEEE, in
recognition of the importance of our
technologies in affecting the quality
of life throughout the world, and in
accepting a personal obligation to
our profession, its members and the
communities we serve, do hereby
commit ourselves to the highest
ethical and professional conduct and
agree:
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IEEE Code of Ethics
 To
accept responsibility in making
engineering decisions consistent
with the safety, health, and welfare of
the public, and to disclose promptly
factors that might endanger the
public or the environment;
 To avoid real or perceived conflicts
of interest whenever possible, and to
disclose them to affected parties
when they do exist;
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IEEE Code of Ethics
 To
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be honest and realistic in stating
claims or estimates based on available
data;
 To reject bribery in all its forms;
 To improve the understanding of
technology, its appropriate application,
and potential consequences;
 To maintain and improve our technical
competence and to undertake
technological tasks for others only if
qualified by training or experience, or after
full disclosure of pertinent limitations;
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IEEE Code of Ethics
 To
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seek, accept, and offer honest
criticism of technical work, to
acknowledge and correct errors, and to
credit properly the contributions of
others;
 To treat fairly all persons regardless of
such factors as race, religion, gender,
disability, age, or national origin;
 To avoid injuring others, their property,
reputation, or employment by false or
malicious action;
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IEEE Code of Ethics
 To
assist colleagues and co-workers
in their professional development
and to support them in following this
code of ethics.
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Is it OK for me to be working on this project?
 Design
of a cigarette lighter
 Design of cigarette-making
machinery
 Design of large scale ovens and
their specialized buildings in
Germany in the 1930s and 1940s
 Design of nuclear weapons
 The answer: It depends.
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 We can only hope that we are prepared by our
upbringing, our maturity, and our ability to think
and reflect about the issues.
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Heuristics
A
heuristic is anything that provides
a plausible aid or direction in the
solution of a problem.
 Heuristics are usually unjustified and
potentially fallible.
 Engineering design is the use of
heuristics.
 Heuristics are used to cause the best
change in a poorly understood
situation within the available
resources.
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Silicon Prairie Initiative on Robotics in
Information Technology
Modern
Engineering
Constraints
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Concurrent Engineering
Design
teams include others in
addition to engineers
Manufacturing experts
Marketing and sales professionals
Reliability experts
Cost accountants
Lawyers
Concern
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with all these areas and
their impact on the design is
concurrent engineering.
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-ilities
 Concurrent
engineering demands
consideration of the complete life
cycle of the product, process, or
project.
 Design for:
Manufacturability
Affordability
Reliability
Sustainability
Quality
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Can this Design Be Made? (DFM)
 The
design of a product has an
ENORMOUS impact on its
manufacture.
 A basic DFM methodology
Estimate the cost for a given alternative
Reduce the costs of components
Reduce the costs of assembly
Consider the effects on other objectives
If not acceptable, revise the design
REPEAT …
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Design for Assembly (DFA)
Limit
the number of components
Using standard components
Use a base component on which
other components can be
located
Use components the facilitate
retrieval and assembly
Maximize accessibility during
manufacturing and maintenance
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Affordability
Engineering
Economics
The time value of money
Money obtained sooner is more
valuable than money obtained later.
Money spent sooner is more costly
than money spent later.
Design decisions made today will
translate into streams of “financial
events” in the future.
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Arthur M. Wellington’s
definition of engineering
“the art of doing that
well with one dollar
which any bungler
can do with two.”
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Reliability
 To
an engineer: the probability that
an item will perform its function
under stated conditions of use and
maintenance for a stated measure of
a variate.
 Incidental failure
 Catastrophic failure
 Maintainability
Parts easily accessed and repaired
Redundancy
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Sustainability
 One
generation’s progress can be the
next’s nightmare.
 Environmental responsibility is
incorporated directly into the ethical
obligations of engineering.
 Air and water quality
 Energy consumption
 Disposal
 Life
cycle assessment analysis
 Inventory
 Impact
 Improvement
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Design for Quality
of the –ilities are components of
the design for quality
 A quality design satisfies all
constraints
 All
Fully functional within the performance
specifications
Meets the objectives as well or better than
alternative designs
 All
the work of the design process is
directed to design for quality.
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House of Quality
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Laptop Computer House of Quality
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