Transcript Chapter 2 Leadership Traits and Ethics

Leadership
Theory, Application, Skill Development
1st Edition
Robert N. Lussier and Christopher F. Achua
.
This presentation created by:
MANAGEMENT TRAINING SPECIALISTS and adapted by
Jeffrey M. Wachtel, Ph. D.
5320-D Camp Bowie Blvd / Fort Worth, Texas 76107 / 817 737-2893
e-mail: [email protected]
Copyright © 2001 South-Western College Publishing
Chapter 2
Leadership Traits
and Ethics
Leadership: Theory, Application, Skill Development, 1E, Lussier/Achua ©2001 South-Western College Publishing
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Chapter 2
Learning Objectives
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Benefits of classifying traits.
Big Five personality dimensions.
Universality of leaders traits.
Trait of dominance.
Achievement Motivation Theory and Leader Profile.
Hierarchic Role Motivation Theory and Managerial
Motivation
• Theory X, Theory Y, Pygmalion Effect.
• Four leadership styles and attitude.
• Stakeholder approach to ethics.
Leadership: Theory, Application, Skill Development, 1E, Lussier/Achua ©2001 South-Western College Publishing
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The Original Study of Leadership
Traits: The Great Man (Person)
Approach
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1940’s Sought to identify
the traits of leaders.
33 Studies cite intelligence
though extreme differences
can be dysfunctional.
Poor relationship on
physical characteristics
Leadership: Theory, Application, Skill Development, 1E, Lussier/Achua ©2001 South-Western College Publishing
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Personality and Traits
• “Personality is a combination of traits
that classifies an individuals behavior.”
• The Big Five Model of Personality has
five dimensions which include multiple
traits.
• How did you score on Self-Assessment
Exercise 2-1? Do you agree with your
score?
Leadership: Theory, Application, Skill Development, 1E, Lussier/Achua ©2001 South-Western College Publishing
Surgency: Dominance, Extraversion
The
Big Five
Personality
Model
Agreeableness: Friendly, Sociable
Conscientiousness: Responsible,
Hard Workers, Conformists
Adjustment: Emotional Stability,
Self-Control, High EQ
Openness to Experience: Willing to
Try New Things
Leadership: Theory, Application, Skill Development, 1E, Lussier/Achua ©2001 South-Western College Publishing
Big Five Model of
Personality
Surgency:
Sales People
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness:
Accountants
Adjustment
Open to experience:
HRD/Trainers
Leadership: Theory, Application, Skill Development, 1E, Lussier/Achua ©2001 South-Western College Publishing
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1. Bullying style
2. Cold, aloof, arrogant
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Major
3. Betrayed personal trust
Reasons
4. Self-centered
(Traits)
for
5. Specific performance
problems
Executive
Derailment
6. Overmanaged
(Poor Human Relations
Skills) Fig. 2-2
Leadership: Theory, Application, Skill Development, 1E, Lussier/Achua ©2001 South-Western College Publishing
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Locus of
Control
High energy
Dominance
Integrity
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Traits of
Effective
Leaders
Self-confident
Stability
Flexibility
Sensitivity
to others
Intelligence
& EQ
Leadership: Theory, Application, Skill Development, 1E, Lussier/Achua ©2001 South-Western College Publishing
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Emotional Intelligence
(EQ or EI)
• Related to Big 5 Adjustment Dimension
• Most jobs require “emotional labor” which is
when we express organizationally desired
emotions during interpersonal transactions.
Can you think of job and emotion match
examples?
• It is not always easy to control felt emotions so
as to display organizationally appropriate
emotions.
• Those who are better at doing it than others are
said to be high in Emotional I Q
Leadership: Theory, Application, Skill Development, 1E, Lussier/Achua ©2001 South-Western College Publishing
Achievement Motivation
Theory: Leader Motive
Profile Theory
• attempts to explain and predict behavior
and performance based on one’s need for
achievement, power, and affiliation.
• How did you do on Self-Assessment
Exercise 2-2?
• How about Self-Assessment Exercises 2-3,
and 2-4?
Leadership: Theory, Application, Skill Development, 1E, Lussier/Achua ©2001 South-Western College Publishing
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Motives of Successful Managers in
Hierarchic Organizations (Miner, 1964)
• 1. A favorable attitude toward
authority.
• 2. A desire to compete.
• 3. A desire to follow assertive behavior
patterns.
• 4. A desire to direct others and exercise
power.
• 5. A desire to stand out and be at the
center of attention.
• 6. A desire to carry out routine
administrative tasks.
Leadership: Theory, Application, Skill Development, 1E, Lussier/Achua ©2001 South-Western College Publishing
Which statement do you believe
to be true about human nature?
• People enjoy working and will do
a good job without being closely
supervised.
• People do not like work and will
not do a good job unless closely
supervised.
Leadership: Theory, Application, Skill Development, 1E, Lussier/Achua ©2001 South-Western College Publishing
Theory X................Theory Y
(Autocratic)
Control
(Participative)
Support
Leadership: Theory, Application, Skill Development, 1E, Lussier/Achua ©2001 South-Western College Publishing
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Pygmalion Effect
• Managers’ attitudes,
expectations, and
treatment of
employees explain
and predict
behavior and
performance.. If you
treat people like
they already are
good, they will act
that way for you.
Leadership: Theory, Application, Skill Development, 1E, Lussier/Achua ©2001 South-Western College Publishing
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Self-Concept: “If you think
you can
you can,
if you think you can’t,
you can’t.”
How to Change Your
Attitudes to a More Positive
Self-Concept: 11 Ideas.
Leadership: Theory, Application, Skill Development, 1E, Lussier/Achua ©2001 South-Western College Publishing
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Leadership Styles Based on
Attitudes
Theory Y Attitudes
Theory X Attitudes
Positive
•Gives and accepts
positive feedback
•Bossy
•Pushy
•Critical
SelfConcept
•Expects others to succeed
•Impatient
Negative
•Afraid to make decisions
•Pessimistic
•Unassertive
•Promotes hopelessness
SelfConcept
•Lets others do the job
their way
•Autocratic
•Self-blaming
Leadership: Theory, Application, Skill Development, 1E, Lussier/Achua ©2001 South-Western College Publishing
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Student’s Readiness for the Ethics
and Business
• Students enter without a vocabulary of
ethics for economic relations because of
the current amoral theory of business.
• Students are genuinely unable to define
ethics or morality
• Usually their definitions are barriers to
ethical thinking.
– Shepard, Goldsby, & Gerde, 2004
Leadership: Theory, Application, Skill Development, 1E, Lussier/Achua ©2001 South-Western College Publishing
Minimum Definition of
Morality/Ethics (Morality & Ethics
Used Interchangeably)
• Reason: Moral decision must be
based on reasons acceptable to
other rational persons.
• Impartiality: Interests of all
those affected by a moral
decision are taken into account.
Leadership: Theory, Application, Skill Development, 1E, Lussier/Achua ©2001 South-Western College Publishing
Some Basic Conceptual
Distinctions
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Egoism
Morality
Altruism
Whose Interest?
Egoism
Morality
Altruism
(Self-Interest)(Self-Interest (Selflessness)
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& the Interests of Others)
Leadership: Theory, Application, Skill Development, 1E, Lussier/Achua ©2001 South-Western College Publishing
Barriers to Moral Reasoning
• Psychological Egoism:
• Ethical Egoism:
• Ethical Relativism:
• Ethical Subjectivism:
Leadership: Theory, Application, Skill Development, 1E, Lussier/Achua ©2001 South-Western College Publishing
Surveys have identified the following
recurring themes. Do they happen in
Thailand?:
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Managers lying to employees
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Office nepotism and favoritism
Taking credit for other’s work
Receiving/offering kickbacks
Stealing from the company
Firing an employee for whistle-blowing
Padding expense accounts
Divulging confidential information or trade secrets
Terminating employment without sufficient notice
Using company property/materials for personal use
Leadership: Theory, Application, Skill Development, 1E, Lussier/Achua ©2001 South-Western College Publishing
Ethics in the Movies Case Study
"Boiler Room"
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1. What do you think of the values expressed by the man in the 1st scene?
Which value is the most important to him and what do you think of his
level of value?
2. What do you think of Seth’s Casino? Is Seth deceiving himself by
saying his business is an honest business? Which ethical principle is
involved?
3. What do you Seth’s six-month’s-long lie to his family, about still being
in school?
4. What did you think of your first scene of the trading room at JT Marlin?
5. What did you think about the recruiting process at JT Marlin (i.e., the
interview)? Did any comments by the recruiter seemed unethical?
6. What do you think of Seth’s father’s comments during their meeting?
Leadership: Theory, Application, Skill Development, 1E, Lussier/Achua ©2001 South-Western College Publishing
Stages Of Moral Development
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Kohlberg’s 3 levels of moral development:
Level 1: Preconventional level (self-orientation)
• Stage 1: Punishment
• Stage 2: Reward seeking
– Level 2: Conventional level (others orientation)
• Stage 3: Good person
• Stage 4: Law and order
– Level 3: Postconventional level (universal,
humankind orientation)
• Stage 5: Social contact
• Stage 6: Universal ethical principles
Leadership: Theory, Application, Skill Development, 1E, Lussier/Achua ©2001 South-Western College Publishing
Golden Rule
“Do unto others as you
want them to do unto
you.”
or
“Don’t do anything to
anyone that you
would not want them
to do to you.”
Leadership: Theory, Application, Skill Development, 1E, Lussier/Achua ©2001 South-Western College Publishing
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Some Standards or Tests For
Making Ethical Choices
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Front Page: Decision in Headlines?
Golden Rule: Do unto others..
Dignity & Liberty of Others: Preserved?
Equal Treatment: Minorities Treatment?
Personal Gain: Same Decision if none?
Congruence: Consistent with Personal
and Organizational Policies.
Leadership: Theory, Application, Skill Development, 1E, Lussier/Achua ©2001 South-Western College Publishing
Some Standards or Tests For
Making Ethical Choices II
• Procedural Justice: Can how this
decision was made stand up to
scrutiny?
• Cost Benefit: Does a benefit for some
cause unacceptable harm to others?
• Good Night’s Sleep: If other’s know
of my decision will I be able to sleep?
Leadership: Theory, Application, Skill Development, 1E, Lussier/Achua ©2001 South-Western College Publishing
Stakeholder’s Approach
to Ethics
• creates a win-win
situation for
relevant parties
affected by the
decision.
Win-Win
Leadership: Theory, Application, Skill Development, 1E, Lussier/Achua ©2001 South-Western College Publishing
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