Transcript 8B Applied Genetics

Applied Genetics
SWBAT define
selection; differentiate between
selective breeding and crossbreeding; define genetic
engineering; describe some current uses of clones
and cloning; differentiate between identical and
fraternal twins
Selection
• Selective breeding
– Man chooses the organisms with the most desirable
traits to breed with hopes that the offspring will have
the same traits.
• Inbreeding
– A form of selective breeding that involved mating an
organism with its close relative, or in the case of
plants with itself
• Breed
– A group of organisms that have certain purebred,
desirable traits.
Selective Breeding Activity
• You have received a corn plant. On the back is
the genetic code for its height and the number of
ears of corn.
• Choose another plant that you want to cross
yours with to produce the best possible offspring
• You may NOT see the genetic information when
choosing.
• After you have chosen, create 2 Punnett squares
to determine the possible offspring.
• Discuss – what made this difficult?
Crossbreeding
• Crossbreeding
– A method of breeding organisms from different
varieties to produce offspring that have traits from
both parents
• Hybrid vigor
– When crossbreeding leads to offspring that are
stronger than their parents
Genetic Engineering
• Genetic engineering
– Use of special techniques to control the genetic
makeup of an organism
• What are some benefits of genetic engineering?
– Stronger organisms, faster growing organims
• What are some potential problems in genetic
engineering?
– Mistakes could create super viruses, or plants could
grown too well and become a weed problem
Facets of Genetics: Clones, Clones,
Clones, Clones
• What is a clone?
– A group of genetically identical organisms that were
produces by asexual reproduction
• What is the difference between identical and fraternal
twins?
– Identical twins are natural human clones (they have the
same genetic material). A fertilized egg splits into two
different eggs and both mature.
– Fraternal twins are created when 2 two different eggs are
fertilized, creating two individuals with different genetic
material
• What spiritual considerations need to be taken when
cloning humans?
– Morally it goes against the designed human reproduction.
Human Genetic Engineering
• What 2 things do we need to consider when
talking about human genetic engineering?
– Humans are different from all other organisms, we
were made in God’s image, and do not have
dominion over other humans.
– We have the God given ability to learn, gain
knowledge and direct our lives. We are responsible
for our decisions
• Take some time to think about the ethical and
moral questions human genetic engineering
would create. Do you think that God approves of
it? Why or why not?
Facets of Genetics: The Human
Genome Project
• Scientists are studying the chromosome pairs in
humans to match the genes to the traits they
control.
• This could lead to new ways of fighting disease.
• What kind of moral and ethical issues does this
bring up?