Transcript slides on line - University of Idaho

Chapter Two: Dr. Frankena
So you won’t get
knocked out in
Philosophic
verbiage....
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What is Frankena’s
focus in his
discussion of
chapter two?
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Normative Ethics
Which is what?
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In our Mock Problems we
have been practicing
casuistry...
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“a moralist trying to provide
ethical guidance by making a
long list of specific situation,
describing them and telling us
what we should do in each
case.”
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What is a teleological case?
 teleological
theory says that the basic or
ultimate criterion or standard of what is
morally right, wrong, obligatory is the
non moral value that is brought into
being? What does this mean?
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What are nonmoral values?
 experiences,
paintings, forms of
government, things, and what not.
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We do not make moral
decisions upon moral values
why?
 circular
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arguments....what are they?
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What is a deontological
argument?
according to Frankena?
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Contend that it is possible for
an action or rule of action to
be the morally right or
obligatory one even if it does
not promote the greatest
possible balance of good over
evil for self, society, or
universe.
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What is an act deontological
theory?
Different classes of deontic and
teleological theories...
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Extreme act deontic - the
golden mean is the decision
rests with the perception. No
criterion or guiding light.
Frankena: P. 16...situational
ethics.
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What is rule deontological
theory?
p. 17
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The standard or right and
wrong consists of one or more
rules. Basic rules
independent of amount of
good derived.
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What is an ethical egoist?
does not refer to the Freudian
concept, necessarily but in the
theoretical.
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Ethical Egoist...
 one
and only basic obligation is to
promote the greatest possible balance
of good over evil for self. He/she alone
is the moral spectator, advisor and
judge.
 in making second/third person
judgments, go by what is to one’s own
advantage.
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Ethical egoists..hedonist
 Epicurean
way of life...good or welfare =
happiness and happiness with pleasure.
Pleasure may also be knowledge,
poser, self realization, life of pleasure,
knowledge, and other good things.
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Everyone must act or judge by
the standard of his own
advantage in terms of good
and evil.
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What is psychological
egoism?
What does Frankena say about it?
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is not acceptable in
any terms......
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What is wrong with an act deontological theory?
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Errors....
 It
is practically impossible to do in any
consistent or reliable fashion.
 How often do we have time to think
through the problem?
 We need rules to live by.
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Rule Deontology
 An
exception to a rule is no more than
giving way to another rule, the only
problem is rank ordering according to
importance.
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Explain W. D. Ross prima
facie and actual duty
obligations.
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Prima Facie/Actual Duty
 Prima
Facie Duty - a set of rules that
have no exceptions, by conceiving of
them as rules of prima facie.
 Actual Duty: rules that occur in actual
situations.
 Problem: Can we set down all the
rules.
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What is Divine Command?
How is it a rule deontological
theory?
How is it an ethical egoist theory?
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Divine Command
 The
rules are made by the divine will of
God. It is a rule deontological theory
because the rules are set by God and
man is not to undo the rules.
 It can be an ethical egoist rule because
man does so as God wills or “man will
suffer the consequences”.
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What is Kant’s Categorical
Imperative?
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Kant’s Categorical Imperative
 Act
only on that maxim which you can at
the same time will to be universal law.
 acting
voluntarily
 freely choose
 judging from the moral point of will to
universalize
 action, right or wrong, if can be consistent
in similar circumstances.
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