Transcript A Guide to Moral Development

A Guide to Moral Development
Presented By: Melissa Wehunt
Pedagogy & Andragogy
 Pedagogy: The art or profession of teaching;
preparatory training or instruction (American
Heritage, 2006)
 Andragogy: The methods or techniques used to
teach adults (Random House, 2006)
 History: Teaching style fluctuates through history…
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YouTube - Homer evolution
Confucius, Plato, Socrates, etc.
Ancient Chinese, Hebrew, Greeks, etc.
7th Century Europe
Post World War I
Moral Development Theory
 Overview of Meaning…
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Transformation of cognitive structures dependent on
cognitive development and the stimulation of the social
environment
(Duska & Whelan, 1975, p. 7)
Teaching of rules and the development of character are
expected to produce behavior that is traditionally accepted
(Duska & Whelan, 1975, p. 5)
Values such as honesty, self-control, courage, friendliness
and respect. (Duska & Whelan, 1975, p. 5)
 Play Dough Exercise
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Heart, Cross, Square, Triangle, Circle
Think about the different meanings each shape could mean
to either a Child  Young Adult  Adult
Major Theorists
 Jean Piaget
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3 main stages
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Stage 1: Conscious that rules exist; life is a game
Stage 2: Respect for adults; letter of the rule vs. context of
community life
Stage 3: Weigh relationships and circumstances before
decisions are made
YouTube - Jean Piaget - Davidson Films
Major Theorists Cont.
 Lawrence Kohlberg
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Moral Judgment stages
Pre-Conventional
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Conventional
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Interpersonal Concordance
Law and Order
Post-Conventional
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Punishment & Obedience
Instrumental Relativist
Social Contract/Legalistic
Universal Ethical Principle
Moral Judgment Situations
Major Theorists Cont.
 Erik Erikson
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Identity Development
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8 crisis or dilemmas
If resolved  Strength
Dilemmas present at predictable stages
YouTube - erik erikson
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Oral-Sensory / Trust-Mistrust
Muscular-Anal / Autonomy-Shame
Locomotion-Genital / Initiative-Guilt
Latency / Industry-Inferiority
Puberty-Adolescence / Identity-Role Confusion
Young Adulthood / Intimacy-Isolation
Final Stage / Integrity-Despair (Holton, Knowles, & Swanson,1998,
p.20).
Major Theorists Cont.
 Carol Gilligan
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Theorist who pursues the misunderstanding of women in
developmental theories
Women are stereotyped negatively when they don’t develop
the same way as men
Major Point: Error is in the theories and not in women
…Points to Consider…
 Development is a step by step process
 Development can terminate at any age
 Reasoning is usually one stage with occasional
reasoning either one step below or above
 A person can be attracted to a level either above or
below him
 Development is not governed by age
 Cognitive development is necessary, but not
sufficient for development
 Empathy is necessary, but not sufficient for
development
Education Into Practice
 Problems or obstacles serving children
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Discussion
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Stage?
Learning style?
Ideas – Story time, enforcement of library rules, parent/child
interaction, clarifying feelings and needs
 Problems or obstacles serving young adults
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Discussion
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Stage?
Learning Style?
Ideas – Peer study, book discussions, enforcement of library rules,
role-playing, higher stage reasoning
 Problems or obstacles serving adults
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Discussion
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Stage
Learning Style?
Ideas – higher stage reasoning, book / developmental discussions,
classes base on needs of users
References
 Andragogy. (2006). In Random House dictionary unabridged
online dictionary. Retrieved April 12, 2008 from
http://www.dictionary.com
 Duska, R., & Whelan, M. (1975). Moral development: A
guide to Piaget and Kohlberg. New York: Paulist Press.
 Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice: Psychological theory
and women’s development. Cambridge: Harvard
University Press.
 Holton, E.F, Knowles, M.S., & Swanson, R.A. (1998). The
adult learner: The definitive classic in adult education
and human resource development. Houston: Gulf
Publishing Company.
 Pedagogy. (2006). In American Heritage online dictionary.
Retrieved April 12, 2008 from http://www.dictionary.com
References Cont.