Transcript Document

(Review of) Social/Emotional
Development

Development of Self

Social role-taking

Moral development

Social/emotional development and the Web
Development of Self

Self = what makes an individual unique
o
o
o
Self-concept, self-awareness, identity formation
Essential for socialization
Socialization = process by which child develops
behaviours, beliefs, values of society
Who Am I?
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Concept about self parallels cognitive development
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I am …
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I am …
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I am …
Damon & Hart (1982, 1988)
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4 Selves
o
o
o
o
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Physical
Active
Social
Psychological
Levels (stages) of self
o
o
o
o
6-9: categorical
10-12: comparative
13-16: interpersonal
17+: systematic beliefs and plans
Level
Physical
Active
Social
Psych
Categori
I have blue eyes.
cal
I play
baseball.
I have a little
sister named
Samantha.
I get funny
ideas
sometimes;
they make me
laugh.
Compara I’m bigger than
tive
most kids.
I’m good at
math but not
reading.
I’m proud
when my Dad
watches me
play goalie.
I’m not as
smart as
some kids.
I’m a nice
person, not
selfish.
I’m very
smart; my
friends only
like smart
kids.
I’m a scout;
we do good
things.
I believe in
world peace;
wars don’t
solve
anything.
I’m strong and
Interpers
others respect me
onal
for it.
I play sports
because kids
like athletes.
I don’t have many
things; it’s not fair
Ideologi
to have a lot when
cal
others have
nothing.
I go to church
because I
want to be a
faithful
Christian.
Person Perception

Characterization of another person
o
o
affects interactions with the other person
depends on developmental level
Person Perception
Psychological constructs
Behavioural comparisons
Psychological comparisons
6 years
11 years
Social Role Taking
Holly Dilemma
Holly is an 8-year old girl who likes to climb trees. She is the best tree
climber in the neighborhood. One day, while climbing down from a tall
tree, she falls off the bottom branch but does not hurt herself. Her
father sees her fall. He is upset and asks her to promise not to climb
trees anymore. Holly promises. Later that day, Holly and her friends
meet Sean. Sean’s kitten is caught up in a tree and cannot get down.
Something has to be done right away or the kitten may fall. Holly is the
only one who climbs trees well enough to reach the kitten and get it
down, but she remembers her promise to her father.
Will Holly’s father understand if she climbs the tree?
Does Holly think she will be punished for climbing the tree?
Holly Dilemma
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Social-informational
o
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Self-reflective
o
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“Holly knows her father will understand why she climbed the tree.”
Mutual
o
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“If he knew why she climbed the tree, he wouldn’t be angry but if he
didn’t know why, he would be angry.”
“Holly will have to make sure her father understands why she
climbed the tree.”
Societal
o
“Holly was acting compassionately in saving the kitten. Her father
appreciates this and won’t punish her.”
Charlie Dilemma
Charlie likes to play Mortal Combat over the Internet. Mortal Combat is
an extremely violent game. Charlie’s mother finds Charlie playing the
game one day and tells Charlie that it an awful game. She goes on to
explain how research has shown that playing violent games is related
to violent behaviour. She asks Charlie to promise not to play Mortal
Combat again. Charlie promises. Charlie has just moved to a new
neighborhood and is getting to know the other kids. Charlie goes to a
new friend’s house where all the boys are playing Mortal Combat.
Charlie remembers his promise to his mother.
Will Charlie’s mother understand if he plays the game with the other boys?
Does Charlie think he will be punished for playing the game?
Charlie Dilemma
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Social-informational
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Self-reflective
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Mutual
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Societal
Moral Development
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Kohlberg extended Piagetian theory to understand
moral development
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Three Levels
o
Preconventional Morality = authority figures
Punishment and Obedience
Instrumental Purpose
o
Conventional Morality = social norms
Interpersonal Conformity
Law and Order
o
Postconventional Morality = moral justice
Social Contract
Universal Ethics
Heinz Dilemma
In Europe, a woman was near death from cancer. There was one drug
the doctors thought might save her. A druggist in the same town had
discovered it, but he was charging 10 times what the drug cost him to
make. The sick woman’s husband, Heinz, went to everyone he knew to
borrow money, but he could only get together half of what it cost. The
druggist refused to sell it cheaper or let Heinz pay later. So Heinz got
desperate and broke into the man’s store to steal the drug for his wife.
Should Heinz have done that?
Heinz Dilemma
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Punishment and Obedience
o
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“No! Might get caught.” or “Yes, drug was too expensive.”
Instrumental Purpose
o
“No, someone might break into his store some day.” or “Yes, he might need the
same done for him some day.”
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Interpersonal Conformity
o
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Law and Order
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“No, it’s against the law.”
Social Contract
o
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“Yes, even tho he may go to jail. A person will do anything for a loved one.”
“It depends.”
Universal Ethics
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“It’s his choice and must be respected. Maybe he should steal the drug, give it to
his wife and then turn himself in.”
Henry Dilemma
Using Napster or some other music capturing software is illegal.
Henry has a new girlfriend and he wants to give her a really nice
birthday present. His girlfriend really likes Creed so Henry goes to
HMV to buy her a Creed CD. HMV has really increased its prices
and Henry can’t afford the CD. He finds the latest album on a
Napster-like site. Henry was desperate for his girlfriend’s affection
so he downloaded the music and burned her a CD for her birthday.
Should Henry have done that?
Henry Dilemma
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Punishment and Obedience
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Instrumental Purpose
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Interpersonal Conformity
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Law and Order
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Social Contract
Putting it all Together
Age
Self
Moral
Role-Taking Cognitive
4-6
(Categorical)
Punishment &
Obedience
Socialinformational
Preop to early
Con Op
6-9
Categorical
Inst rumenta l
Purpose
Self-reflective
Concrete
Operational
9-12
Comparative
Inte rpersona l
Confo rmity
Mutua l
Early Formal
Operational
12 and
older
Inte rpersona l & Law & Order & Societal
Ideo logical
Social Contract
Formal
Operational