Transcript EP Haidt 5x
Chapt Discussion Question Discussant 1 Discussant 2 Thanh-Thao Andy Discussant 3 1 Name the ways individuals from WEIRD and NONWEIRD cultures are different? 2 What does Shweder mean when he say “we are multiple from the start”? Juliann Clemente 3 Haidt, following Shweder, says “moral monism leads to societies that are unsatisfying to most people and at high risk of becoming inhumane”. Why does he say this? Do you think he’s right? Erin In Kee 4 What’s an ad hominem argument? Does Haidt make one here (or come close to it)? Jessica Anne Lise 5 How are Systemizers and Empathizers different? Nguyen Tatiana Erika 6 What is Bentham’s principle of utility? What is a consequentialist? Charles GoEun Maleny 7 What is Kant’s categorical imperative? What are deontological ethics? Vikki C.J. 8 What is Moral Foundations Theory? Jasmine Megan 9 How are moral modules like taste receptors? What’s the difference between original and current triggers? Noralie Adelle 10 Describe the five moral foundations. Adam Matt 5 6 Kevin Patricia Part II. There’s More to Morality than Harm and Fairness Chapt 5. Beyond WEIRD Morality • Haidt tells the dead chicken story and then asks “Can you tell me why that was wrong?” • Customer at McDonald’s (after a long pause): “You mean you don’t know why it’s wrong to do that to a dead chicken? I have to explain this to you? What planet are you from?” • Penn students typically judged the behavior in this story as ok (if strange): “It’s his chicken, he’s eating it, nobody is getting hurt”. • WEIRD cultures: Western, educated, industrialized, rich and democratic. The WEIRDer you are the more you see a world full of separate objects, rather than relationships. • Similar to Shweder’s distinction of sociocentric vs. individualistic cultures. Part II. There’s More to Morality than Harm and Fairness Chapt 5. Beyond WEIRD Morality WEIRD NON-WEIRD Individualistic Sociocentric Autonomy Interdependency “I am… happy, outgoing, interested in jazz…” Analytic a son, a husband, an employee of…” Holistic Philosophers Kant, Mill Durkheim (Chapt 8) Psychologists Kohlberg, Turiel Shweder Predominant moral Harm & fairness concern More than harm & fairness: community, divinity Part II. There’s More to Morality than Harm and Fairness Chapt 5. Beyond WEIRD Morality Shweder: “Yet the conceptions held by others are available to us, in the sense that when we truly understand their conception of things we come to recognize possibilities latent within our own rationality ... and those ways of conceiving of things become salient for us for the first time, or once again. In other words, there is no homogenous ‘backcloth’ to our world. We are multiple from the start.” Part II. There’s More to Morality than Harm and Fairness Chapt 5. Beyond WEIRD Morality Autonomy People are Autonomous first & individuals with foremost: wants, needs, etc Obligation Community Members of larger entities (families, teams, armies, comparnies, tribes, nations) (To thine own self To play your particular be true) role in larger entity rights, liberty, Key justice (also concepts harm/care) duty, hierarchy, respect, reputation, patriotism Shweder’s Theory of Morality Divinity Temporary vessels in which a divine soul has been implanted Body is a temple, not a playground sanctity & sin, purity &pollution, elevation & degradation Part II. There’s More to Morality than Harm and Fairness Chapt 5. Beyond WEIRD Morality Haidt: “Our minds have the potential to become righteous about many different concerns, and only a few of these concerns are activated during childhood. Other potential concerns are [may be] left undeveloped and unconnected to the web of shared meanings and values that become our adult moral matrix. • If you grow up in a WEIRD society, you become so well educated in the ethic of autonomy that you can detect oppression and inequality even where the apparent victims see nothing wrong... • Conversely, if you are raised in a more traditional society, or within an evangelical Christian household in the U.S., you becomes so well educated in the ethics of community and divinity that you can detect disrespect and degradation even where the apparent victims see nothing wrong...” Part II. There’s More to Morality than Harm and Fairness Chapt 5. Beyond WEIRD Morality Coming up: • Catalog of moral intuitions (more than harm and fairness) • How a small set of innate and universal moral foundations can be used to construct a great variety of moral matrices • Tools for understanding moral arguments emanating from matrices that are not your own