Transcript air pollution ppt

Warm up
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Click on the atmosphere practice quiz
The code is 135
Review and other info:
Wind speed station modeling
NE at 25 Knots
E at 5 Knots
SE at 10 Knots
Back to the Station Model
©S. Kluge 2007
Air pollution
Work on filling out the air pollution worksheet and
questions
Use the links and powerpoint on my website to help
you
AIR POLLUTION
Pollutants
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Carbon monoxide=colorless, odorless gas emitted
from combustion processes
Nitrogen oxides= NO2 forms quickly from emissions
from cars, trucks and buses, power plants, and offroad equipment. contributes to the formation of
ground-level ozone, and fine particle pollution
Sulfur dioxide= industrial processes such as
extracting metal from ore, and the burning of high
sulfur containing fuels by locomotives, large ships,
and non-road equipment.
Lead=a metal found naturally in the environment as
well as in manufactured products.
More Pollutants
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VOCs=volatile organic compounds: chemicals used
to manufacture and maintain building materials,
interior furnishing, cleaning products and personal
care products. "Volatile" means that these chemicals
evaporate or can easily get into the air at room
temperature. "Organic" means these chemicals are
carbon based.
Particulates=extremely small particles and liquid
droplets, acids (such as nitrates and sulfates),
organic chemicals, metals, and soil or dust particles.
Ground level ozone=created by chemical reactions
between oxides of nitrogen and volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) in the presence of sunlight.
Pollutants
Secondary pollutants

Primary pollutants
emitted directly from a
source.

Examples: sulfur
dioxide, nitrous oxide,
carbon dioxide,
forms when other
pollutants (primary
pollutants) react in the
atmosphere. Examples:
ozone, NO2, which is
formed as NO combines
with oxygen in the air;
and acid rain, which is
formed when sulfur
dioxide or nitrogen
oxides react with water
Practice test questions
All of the following are
primary air pollutants
except
All of the following are
secondary air pollutants
except
a.Carbon monoxide
a.Ozone
b.VOCs
b.Acid rain
c.Sulfur oxides
c.VOCs
d.ozone
d.NO2
Venn diagram/comparison chart
Create a venn diagram or comparison chart comparing
and contrasting primary and secondary pollutants.
Acid Rain-what is it?
Precipitation (including
snow, fog, mist, gas, and
dust). with pH less than 5.
5.0-5.6 normal
The pollutants
sulfur dioxide and nitrogen
oxides
Combine with the
precipitation to form:
sulfuric acid and nitric
acid.
Source: volcanoes,
marshes, and human
activities
Acid Rain…
a. Acid Rain is precipitation with a pH of less than 5.
b. The pH of natural precipitation is 5.0 to 5.6.
c. Acid precipitation forms when sulfur dioxide and
nitrogen oxides combine with atmospheric moisture
to create sulfuric acid and nitric acid.
d. Six types of acid precipitation are acidic rain, snow,
fog, mist, gas, and dust.
e. Nitrous oxide and sulfur dioxide come from
volcanoes, marshes, and human activities
Acid Rain…
f. The source of acid precipitation that receives the
most attention is caused by coal-burning power plants
in the midwestern USA.
g. Three effects of acid precipitation are...
a. It causes damage to aquatic ecosystems and vegetation.
b. It affects plants and soil.
c. It damages stone buildings and statues.
h. Acid precipitation can be prevented by using wet
scrubbers to reduce emissions of sulfur dioxide by
coal-burning power plants.
The effects
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Acidification lakes and
streams
Damage to trees, plants,
and soils
Damage to buildings
and paints
Negative effects on
human lung function
Acidification of Lakes and streams
Causes aluminum to
increase in water
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Acid and aluminum
levels kill fish (acid
shock)
Stream diversity
declines
Practice problems
Episodic acidification/acid c. The acidity decreases a
shock can cause fish kills
lot in a short period of
because
time
a.The acidity increase
d. The acidity increases a
gradually over a long time
lot in a short period of
time
b.The acidity decreases
gradually over a long time
Damage to soils
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If soils have limestone
bedrock neutralizes acid
in rain
If soils do not, acid
accumulates in lakes,
streams, soils
Nutrients leached from
soils
Aluminum increases in
soils
practice
Forest soils can be
damaged by acid rain
when
c. Nutrients are leached
out of the soil by acidic
infiltration
a.Nutrients are added to
the soil be acidic
infiltration
d. Nutrients are leached
out of the soil by acidic
runoff
b.Nutrients are added to
the soil by acidic runoff
Deposition
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Dry deposition=
acidic gases and particles
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50 % of acidity in
atmosphere
Wind can blow it
around
Ends up in runoff
Wet deposition=
acidic rain, fog, and snow
practice
Given its common name
acid rain, you might be
surprised to learn that
____________of acid
deposition is as dry
particulates and gases.
a.10 %
b.40%
c. 25 %
d. 50 %
Damage to buildings and paints
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Accelerated weathering
of building stone/statues
Deterioration of paints
and finishes
Corrosion of metals
practice
Damage from acid rain to
infrastructure includes
a.Deterioration of paints
and finishes
b.Accelerated weathering
of building stone and
statues
c.Corrosion of metals
d. All of the above
Damage to trees/plants
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needles and leaves turn
brown and fall off.
stunted growth
damaged bark and
leaves,
vulnerable to weather,
disease, and insects.
Practice problems
What do nitrogen oxides,
sulfur dioxide and carbon
monoxide have in
common?
a.They contribute to the
depletion of the ozone
layer
b.They are produced by
the evaporation of
gasoline, paint thinner, etc.
c. They are produced by
poor farming and
rangeland management
d. They are produced by
the burning of fuels for
electricity or
transportation
practice
The pollutants that cause
acid rain can also cause
human health problems
because
b. Volatile organic
compounds combine
with hydrocarbons to
form smog
a.Sulfur dioxide from
c. Carbon monoxide
sulfate particles that can be
combines with oxygen
inhaled and become acid in
to form carbon trioxide
the lungs
d. Nitrogen oxides form
sulfate particles that
cannot be inhaled
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Smoke + fog
Primarily composed of
ground level ozone
Two types: industrial
and photochemical
Industrial=from the
burning of coal and oil that
contains sulfur
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Photochemical=automo
bile exhaust, contains
Nitrogen Oxides, Ozone,
Alkanals, Peroxyacyl Nitrates
(PANs),
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react in the atmosphere with
sunlight to form secondary
SMOG
Smog…
1. Smog is a yellow-brown photochemical haze.
2. Smog is caused by the action of solar radiation on an
atmosphere polluted with hydrocarbons and nitrogen
oxides, mostly from car exhaust.
3. Smog can make it difficult to breathe!
4. The major chemical in smog is ozone.
5. Ozone irritates the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs.
practice
Which of the following is
not required for the
production of smog?
a.Sunlight
b.Nitrogen oxide
c.Carbon monoxide
d.hydrocarbons
Ozone depletion: How does it happen?
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certain chemicals used
on earth escape into the
atmosphere
they are broken down
by solar radiation and
release chlorine and
bromine atoms
in a chain reaction,
they destroy ozone
molecules
Ozone, what depletes it?
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CFCs=(chlorofluorocarbons) refrigerants, aerosols,
solvents, insulating foams
HCFCs=(Hydrochlorofluorocarbons) insulating
foams, refrigerants
Halons=(agriculture, dry cleaning, fire suppression
(fire extinguishers)
Methyl bromide=pest control fumigant
Carbon tetrachloride=fire extinguishers, pre
refrigerant, cleaning agent
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Methyl chloroform=used as a solvent
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Any manufactured halogen source gases
Most common sources
The Antarctic Ozone Hole
EGEE 102 - Pisupati
33
Source: http://jwocky.gsfc.nasa.gov/multi/recent_ozone91200.gif
practice
Which can lead to the
depletion of the ozone
layer?
a.Coal fired power
plants
b.Vehicle exhaust
c.Burning compost
d.aerosols
All of the following are
emissions by humans
that can lead to ozone
depletion except
a.Chlorofluorocarbons
b.Chlorine and bromine
emitted by ocean and
terrestrial ecosystems
c.Halons
d.Any manufactured
halogen gas
Closure
What are three things you learned about air
pollution?
What are two questions you have about air
pollution?
What is one song you would like me to add to
Spotify?