Transcript Chapter_07_LO

Chapter 5
Vitamins
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Slide 1
Key Concept
• Vitamins are noncaloric essential nutrients
that are necessary in very small amounts for
specific metabolic control and disease
prevention.
• Certain heath problems are related to in
adequate or excessive vitamins intake.
• vitamins regulate body metabolism
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Slide 2
Vitamins
• Nature of vitamins
 Discovery 1900
• Early observations
• Early animal experiments
(Cont'd…)
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Slide 3
Definition
• It is a vital , organic , dietary substances that
is not carbohydrates or fats or proteins or
minerals and it is necessary in only small
amounts to perform metabolic functions or to
prevent the diseases.
• The body can not synthesized, therefore it
must be supplied by the diet.
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Slide 4
Classes of vitamins
1- Fat-soluble vitamins: A, D, E, K
2- Water-soluble vitamins: C, B
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Slide 5
Functions of vitamins
1- Metabolic control agent
2- Tissue structure
3- Prevention of deficiency
diseases
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Slide 6
Key Concepts
• Certain health problems are related to
inadequate or excessive vitamin intake.
• Vitamins occur in a wide variety of foods that
are packaged with the energy- and tissuebuilding macronutrients (e.g., carbohydrate,
fat, and protein) on which vitamins work as
specific catalysts to regulate body
metabolism.
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Slide 7
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
Vitamin A (Retinol)
• Functions
 Vision
 Tissue strength and immunity
 Growth
• Requirements
 Food forms and units of measure
 Body storage
• Toxicity symptoms
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Slide 8
Vitamin A (Retinol)
• Deficiency disease:
BLINDNESS, itching and red lids, …
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Slide 9
Vitamin A (Retinol)
• Food sources:
• fish-liver oil, livers, Spanish, carrot,
mango, apricots
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Slide 10
Vitamin A (Retinol)
• Stability:
Retinol is unstable in heat and in contact with
air .
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Slide 11
Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol)
• Functions
 Absorption of calcium and phosphorus
 Bone mineralization
• Requirements
• Toxicity symptoms
• Stability
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Slide 12
Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol)
• Deficiency disease:
• * rickets : malformation of skeletal tissues .
• * osteoporosis
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Slide 13
Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol)
• Food sources:
Yeast“ ‫ “الخميرة‬, fish-liver
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oil
Slide 14
Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol)
• Stability:
Retinol is stable in heat and in contact with air .
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Slide 15
Vitamin E (Tocopherol)
• Functions
 Antioxidant function
 Relation to metabolism
• Requirements
• Toxicity symptoms
• Stability
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Slide 16
Vitamin E (Tocopherol)
• Deficiency disease:
Hemolytic anemia in children
Myelin disruption “ nerve in active”
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Slide 17
Vitamin E (Tocopherol)
• Food sources:
Oils and nuts …
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Slide 18
Vitamin K
• Functions
 Blood clotting
 Bone development
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Requirements
Toxicity symptoms
Food sources
Stability
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Slide 19
Vitamin K
• Deficiency disease:
Hemorrhage
Poor wound healing
Infections
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Slide 20
Vitamin K
• Food sources:
Leafy vegetables
Animals liver
Corn oil
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Slide 21
Water-Soluble Vitamins
B&C
• Certain health problems are related to
inadequate or excessive vitamin intake.
• Vitamins occur in a wide variety of foods that
are packaged with the energy- and tissuebuilding macronutrients (e.g., carbohydrate,
fat, and protein) on which vitamins work as
specific catalysts to regulate body
metabolism.
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Slide 22
Water-Soluble Vitamins
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
• Functions
 Connective tissue
 General body metabolism
 Antioxidant function
 Immunologic activity
•
•
•
•
•
Requirements
Deficiency disease
Toxicity symptoms
Food sources
Stability
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Slide 23
Deficiency disease
•
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•
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Tissue bleeding.
Easy bone fractures
Boor wounds healing
Bleeding gums
Loosen teeth
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Slide 24
Food sources
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Citrus fruits like lime, orange
Tomatoes.
Cabbage.
Leafy vegetables
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Slide 25
Vitamin C
• Stability:
Vitamin C is unstable in heat and in contact
with air .
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Slide 26
Vitamin B1” thiamin”
• Functions
 Gastrointestinal system:
Poor appetite , indigestion, constipation
 Nervous system
Fatigue, irritability, low energy
 Cardiovascular system
Low muscle functions , fluid accumulations
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•
•
•
Deficiency disease
Toxicity symptoms
Food sources
Stability
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Slide 27
Deficiency disease
• Loss of energy control: paralysis
• Mental alertness and coordination diseases
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Slide 28
Food sources
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Beef
Livers.
Grains
Fish
Eggs
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Slide 29
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
• Functions
Tissue building, energy production
• Deficiency disease
• Toxicity symptoms
• Food sources
• Stability
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Slide 30
Deficiency disease B2
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SWOLLEN red tongue
Eye burning
Itching
Poor wounds healing
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Slide 31
Food sources B2
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Milk
Grains
Fish
Liver
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Slide 32
Folate
•
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•
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Functions: folic acid < hemoglobin
Requirements: extra during pregnancy
Deficiency disease : anemia
Food sources: liver , leafy vegetables
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Slide 33
Cobalamin (Vitamin B12)
• Functions: normal blood cell formation ,
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•
•
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nervous system functions
Requirements: extra during old ages
Deficiency disease: anemia , lazy, sore mouth
Food sources: beef & chicken liver ..
B12 synthesized by bacteria in GI system
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Slide 34
Note
• Vitamin supplementation needs are individual
and specific.
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Slide 35
Vitamin Supplementation
• Supplement and health maintenance
• Individuality is important
 Life cycle needs
• Pregnancy and lactation
• Infancy
• Children and adolescents
• Aging
(Cont'd…)
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Slide 36
Vitamin Supplementation
(…Cont’d)
 Lifestyle
• Oral contraceptive use
• Restricted diets
• Exercise programs
• Smoking
• Alcohol
• Caffeine
 Disease
(Cont'd…)
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Slide 37