Transcript Management Considerations

Growth Stages
of the Rice Plant
Part 1: Understanding the PalayCheck System
We can’t talk to our plants, or even ask them.
So how do we know what they need and
when they need them?
Hey, how
are you?
We can
observe the
changes in
their growth
stages.
For example
Stages in the VEGETATIVE PHASE
Stage 0
Germination to emergence
• Embryo starts to
germinate
• Variety,
temperature, water
and air affects
growth
• End of stage 0:
3 DAS first leaf
appears
Stage 1
Seedling
• Leaves continue to
develop at the rate of 1
every 3-4 days during the
early stage.
• Secondary adventitious
roots replace the
temporary radicle.
• 20 to 25 -day-old
seedling ready for
transplanting.
Stage 2
Tillering
• Tillers displace a leaf as
they grow and develop
• Extends from first tiller
to maximum tillering
• At maximum tiller stage,
some tillers die or level
off
Stage 3
Stem elongation
• Begins before panicle
initiation in late-maturing
varieties
• In short-duration varieties,
stem elongation and panicle
initation occur
simultaneously.
Stages in the REPRODUCTIVE STAGE
Panicle at 7-10 days
after initiation
Stage 4
Panicle initiation to
booting
• Begins with panicle
primordium initiation at the
tip of growing shoot
• End of stage 4: young
panicle is about to emerge
• Spikelets become distinct.
‘Pagbubuntis’
You may get a shoot and open it,
showing the spikelets, to know if
seedling is at booting stage
(nagbubuntis)
Stage 5
Heading
• ‘Head’ of the grain shows up
• 50% of the panicles have
exerted
• Usually takes 10-14 days for
all plants to complete
heading
Stage 6
Flowering
•
•
•
•
‘Anthesis’-- flowering
At flowering,
the florets open,
anthers protrude,
pollen is shed
florets then close
Occurs about 25 days
after visual panicle
initiation
Plant is most sensitive
to stress
Stages in the RIPENING STAGE
Stage 7
Milk grain
 The grain starts to fill with a white milky
liquid that can be squeezed out.
 The top of the panicle bends gently in an
arc.
 The panicle and the 3 uppermost leaves
are green
• Noticeable changes:
Stage 8
Dough grain
yellow spikelets
remaining leaves dry up
scenescence
Stage 9
Mature grain
Grains are fully developed,
mature, golden yellow, and
hard
• Most of the upper leaves are
dry and the panicles bent down
•
ACKNOWLEDGMENT:
IRRI, PhilRice
This farmer, Manong Fred…
At which stage/s do
my plants need
water?
Which do you think are the stages
where plants need water?
 Germination to emergence
 Heading
 Seedling stage
 Flowering
 Tillering
 Milk grain
 Stem elongation
 Dough grain
 Panicle initiation to booting
 Mature grain
Stage 0
Germination to emergence
Management Considerations:
Water
•Waking the seed
•Metabolic activities
•Translocation of food
•Proper soaking of seeds
Air
•Respiration
•Limited oxygen in water
•Slow growth
•Weak seedlings
Temperature
•Hasten activities
•Above 40C no germination
•Below 10C no germination
•IDEAL 30C
Stage 1
Seedling
Management Considerations:
Care of seedlings in the seedbed
• Sufficient water
• Fertilizer application at 10 DAS
Seedling pulling
• Avoid stress
Transplanting
• Minimize transplanting shock
Stage 2
Tillering
Management Considerations:
Water management
• 3-5 cm water depth
Nutrient management
• Sufficient P-fertilizer (early tillering)
• Sufficient N-fertilizer (mid-tillering)
Weed management
Stage 3
Stem elongation
Management Considerations:
- Variety selection
- Time of planting
Stage 4
Panicle initiation to booting
Management Considerations:
- sufficient K-fertilizer
- 5-7cm water depth
THINK: Drinking too much water
will be bad for you; drinking less
than what you need will be too.
Stage 5
Heading
Management Considerations:
-manage drought, it will cause
significant yield
-protect plants from diseases,
especially Blast
Stage 6
Flowering
Management Considerations:
-manage drought
-temperature
-strong wind and rain
What do you think happens when
there is not enough water at this stage?
Basic science tells us that water is essential in growth.
Water will be essential for grain filling.
Stage 7
Milk grain
Management
Considerations:
-manage rice bug; rice bug is
destructive at this stage
Stage 8
Dough grain
Management Considerations:
- drain water
Stage 9
Mature grain
Management
Consideration:
- harvest at 80-100% grain
maturity or when most of
the grains are golden yellow
Which do you think are the stages
where plants need water?
 Germination to emergence
 Heading
 Seedling stage
 Flowering
 Tillering
 Milk grain
 Stem elongation
 Dough grain
 Panicle initiation to booting
 Mature grain
But not so much; too much can reduce tillering.
CREDITS
Instructional presentation designer:
Ms. Ella Lois T. Bestil and Mr. Alfred Real
Sources of technical content/reviewers of presentation:
Mr. Alfred Real
Note:
Adapted from a powerpoint presentation developed by:
Mr. Alfred Real
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Unless otherwise stated, the names
listed are PhilRice staffers.
Produced in 2011.
Text: 0920-911-1398