Transcript Trees
Trees Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua Short, fat twigs Family: Hamamelidaceae Shiny buds “Hamlet loved sweetgum.” Ohio is its northern limit Alternate phylotaxy Shade intolerant Star-shaped leaves Low-land tree/flood plains Serrate leaves Useful wood Prickly fruit that drops all year Flat twig things Eastern Red Cedar Juniperus virginiana Babies have awns Family: Pinaceae Adults have scales “My cat,Juniper, is from Virginia.” Not actually a cedar Extremely decay resistant Aromatic wood Fleshy pine cones Has scales and awns Characteristic species of old fields Likes basic soils Grows on limestone Shade intolerant Used for pencils and fence posts Callery Pear Pyrus calleryana Grafted Family: Rosaceae Invasive “Pyrus Pears, color your nana Used for ornamental rosaceae.” Dense, white flowers, Bright red leaves in fall Bad branch structure Designed not to reproduce, but failed Catalpa Catalpa speciosa Family: Bignoniaceae “Catalpa, is that a speciosa? That’s big noniaceae!” Indian cigars (beans) Native to Texas Planted by farmland Shade intolerant ornamental Cucumber Magnolia Magnolia acuminata Family: Magnoliaceae “accumulate the cucumbers” Alternate leaves Leaves look tropical 75-80ft tall Entire leaf margins Smaller leaves Characteristic species of mesophytic forest Southern Ohio is northern limit Intermediate to shade tolerant Umbrella Magnolia Magnolia tripetala Family: Magnoliaceae “Trippin’ on the umbrella shrooms.” Leaves look tropical Large leaves Rounded leaf base 30-40ft max Entire leaves Characteristic species of mesophytic forest Very shade tolerant Ginkgo Ginkgo biloba Family: Ginkgoaceae Ancient tree Fan-shaped leaves Fruit stinks Male and female Urban environment Short shoot, long shoot Pine Pinus sp. Family: Pinaceae Needles come in fascicles (bundles) Poor, sandy, dry soils Pretty shade tolerant Used for paper Redbud Cercis canadensis Purple spring flowers grow Family: Fabaceae “Sir, is the heart of Canada dense? Fab, I see.” Cordate leaf (heart) Entire margins Revolute (rolls in) Same family as peas 10-30 ft strait from stem Typically gnarled Understory plant in eastern deciduous forest Grows in waste places Shade tolerant ornamental Yew Taxus sp. Family: Taxaceae Can be 20 ft tall Little red arils Extremely shade tolerant Popular ornamental Honey locust Gleditsia triacanthos Family: Fabaceae “Honey is all the glitz. Try to can those! Fab, I see.” Alternate leaves Big bean pods Ornamental type has no thorns Terrible thorns Leaves are twice pinnately compound Early successional plant Extremely shade tolerant Black Walnut Juglans nigra The rachis is usually on the Family: Juglandaceae “Black monkeys live in the nigra jungle! It’s jug land, see?” Loses leaves early Compound pinnately compound leaves Strong smelling fruit Monkey face leaf scars ground Stout twigs Can be huge Mesophytic coves Shade tolerant Ornamental Valuable wood Spruce Picea sp. Family: Pinaceae Woody pegs Angled needles Hurts Found in Boreal forest Generally shade tolerant ornamental Sassafras Sassafras albidum Family: Lauraceae “Sassafras, I’ll be dumb.” About 10 ft. tall Have egg, mitten, and lobed shaped leaves Cinnamon colored bark Crawl up through canopy Dry, sandy slopes Found with pines Southern Thrives after fire Buckeye Aesculus sp. Family: Hippocastanaceae “Buck’s asses and skulls are smaller than hippos.” Ohio: Prickly fruit Smells like skunk Palmately compound leaves stout twigs Northern, wooded areas yellow: Smooth fruit Palmately compound leaves Southern Mesic Osage-orange Maclura pomifera Native to Texas & Arkansas Moraceae Planted to fence in cattle “Osage-orange has massive pompoms and I want more!” Alternate leaves In the same family as mulberry Shiny, simple leaf Ovate, entire leaves because it has thorns Found in waste area Shade intolerant Great wood Has male and female parts Poison Ivy Toxicodendron (Rhus) Crawls on wet ground radicans Understory Anacardiaceae Shade tolerant “Poison ivy is a toxic Alternate dendron. It’s so radical an anacardiaceae wouldn’t touch it!” Has fruits dispersed by birds 3 leaves beware Climbs American Beech Fagus grandifolia Branches come off the trunk Fagaceae Often has hollows “American beech has grand Pointy, long buds foliage.” Veins lead to a point Parallel veins Smooth leaf surface paper-like leaf Smooth bark A bit serrate Very shade tolerant Does well in coves Not typically in a stand American Elm Ulmus americana Ulmaceae Doubly serrate Parallel veination Gets a disease that kills it Simple leaf Oblique based leaves Large Shaped like a feather duster Found in disturbed areas Slippery Elm Ulmus rubra Simple leaf Ulmaceae Oblique based leaves Likes to have its roots in Large water Shaped like a feather duster In ditches Has a mucilage layer that is soothing for sore throats Doubly serrate Parallel veination Gets a disease that kills it Chinquapin Oak Quercus muehlenbergii No hairs Fagaceae Found in Eastern deciduous In white oak group Alternate Likes basic soils derived from limestone Indented margins Simple leaves Gray-plated bark forest and savannas Small acorns that deer love Used for floors Does well with fire Pawpaw Asimina triloba In a tropical family Annonaceae Makes clones, but needs a tree outside the clones to mate with in order to He stays anonymous.” produce fruit Tropical looking Likes wet areas Naked, flexible buds on the Understory tree end Ohio’s native fruit Makes a fruit “Asimo’s paws are trilobed. Smells like green peppers Sugar Maple Acer saccharum Found in cove forest Aceraceae Shady areas Shade tolerant Prominent in herb layer Entire leaf margins “taking over” Lobed Maple syrup The bud is pointy and chocolate brown Smooth bark Canadian flag Yellow (tulip) Poplar Liriodendron tulipifera Magnoliaceae “Hey, Larry, tulips are related to magnolias.” White between bark lines Common in cove forests Very tall, strait No lower branches Spoon-shaped buds Loves to take over fields Good wood, but not for fancy things Flowering Dogwood Cornus florida Alligator bark Cornaceae Branches sweep up “Dogwood comes from Tear the leaf and white Florida where the corn grows.” Opposite phyllotaxy Simple, entire leaves Veins bend toward the tip Dogwood anthracnose killed most of them cotton stuff comes out Forest understory Waste places Shade tolerant ornamental American holly Ilex opaca Dispersed by berries Aquifoliaceae On a ridge “For Christmas I got Lex, short aqua alpaca gloves.” Alternate leaves White wood Extremely shade tolerant Ornamental Found in bad, dry, sandy soils Ash sp. Fraxinus sp. Used ornamentally Oleaceae Grafted ornamentally “When you ax an ash tree White ash used for baseball that’s all you see.” Opposite phyllotaxy Pinnately compound Bark has diamond shapes Several types: White ash found on land Green ash found in water bats Mixed cove forests Intermediate to shade tolerant Bitternut hickory Carya cordiformis Cove species Juglandaceae Intermediate to shade “Bitternuts smell like caryon. tolerant Not useful wood Pecans are in the same family Of course it forms in the jungle.” Alternate phyllotaxy 7-9 leaflets Sulfur yellow, valvate buds Has a terminal leaflet with no stalk on it Black Locust Robinia pseudo-acacia Nitrogen fixer Fabaceae Bean fruits Alternate leaves Old fields Pinnately compound Die young 50-70 yrs old Closely related to honey locust Weedy Has thorns paired at leaf scars Decay resistant wood Egg-shaped leaves Fence posts Shade intolerant Grey bark with ridges Found along edges Leaves turn brown from a bug Early successional species Box Elder Acer negundo Waste places Aceraceae Riparian zones Opposite leaves Wind dispersal Compound leaf Short-lived 3 leaflets Grows fast Gently serrate R-selected Green stems Shade intolerant Samaras Looks like poison ivy Weedy plant Black Cherry Prunus serotina Rosaceae “The cherries shout, ‘Prune us, Serotina.’The cherries match the roses.” Alternate leaves Charcoal bark Burnt potato chips Simple leaves Reddish-brown hairs on midrib Reddish fall color Waste places Dispersal by birds Used for cabinets and gun stocks—fancy things Intermediate to shade tolerant Likes gaps Hackberry Celtis occidentalis Looks like an elm Ulmaceae Has nipple galls 2-ranked leaves Indicator of limestone soils Oblique margins Shade intolerant to Serrate intermediate edges Warty bark Tough- doesn’t get diseases Berries Bird dispersal Bur oak Quercus macrocarpa Savanna tree Fagaceae Shade tolerant Variable leaf shape Crenate at top Lobed below Corky twigs– fire resistant Fast growning Lives long Likes limestone soils Red oak Qeurcus rubra Needs fire Fagaceae ornamental Red oak group Has tricombs Fast growth Shallow lobes Cove forest Acorns Used for floors and cabinets White oak Quercus alba Fagaceae Very bumpy and warty acorns Life forever White oak group Deeply lobed No tricombs Lighter Grey-ish bark Loose bark Good for bats Alternate Simple leaves Red in fall Grape Vitis sp. Variable looking Vitaceae Climbs into canopy Climbs and crawls All European vines are Not parasitic because doesn’t penetrate “support” parasite Not a problem unless it pulls down a tree Teeth on leaves Sort of lobed grafted on American vines Hop hornbeam Ostrya virginiana Grows on ridge tops Betulaceae Drier areas Closely related to carpinus Green bud with brown stripes Doubly serrate Leaf surface a little fuzzy Peely bark Looks like cat scratching Ironwood/Musclewood Carpinus caroliniana Veins don’t all end in a tooth Betulaceae like beech Understory tree found along waterways Cove forest Simple leaf Doubly serrate Smooth to glossy Buds are brown with white speckles Ridged/furrowed wood Smooth bark Sycamore Platanus occidentalis Toilet paper Platanaceae Fast decaying Simple leaves Good habitat for animals White bark Grows very fast Had buds under the leaves Dispersed by little flying and floating seeds in balls Grown for rough lumber Basswood Tilia sp. Tiliaceae Simple leaves Cordate Buds look like a piggy back Oblique based leaves Moist cove forest with cucumber magnolia Distinct fruit Chestnut Castaneae sp. Appalachian coves and ridges Fagaceae Decay resistant Alternate Beautiful wood Leaf is similar to chinquapin oak Killed by fungus that still lives on oaks Very fast growing Grew in pure stands Serviceberry Amelanchier sp. White flowers Rosaceae Makes a little apple/pon? Alternate leaves Sandy ridge tops Flowers in spring Understory Named because people used to always bury the dead in the spring when the soil thawed, which was when the serviceberry bloomed. Simple leaves w/ small teeth Look like cherry leaves Shade tolerant Acidic soils Pine-oak habitat Ornamental Smooth bark with lines Long buds Eastern white pine Pinus strobus Pinaceae 5 needles in fascicle Branches come out in whirls Can count each whirl to estimate the age Native Grow fast Can get huge Europeans loved them because they were great for ship masts Which made North America very desirable The person who owned the wood was powerful Blackgum Nyssa sylvatica Dry, sandy ridges Nyssaceae Both understory and canopy Alternate waxy leaves Occasional tree Branches stick strait out Bark looks like dogwood Its like a cartoon tree with a straight trunk with simple leaves Acidic soils Hawthorn Crataegus sp. Ornamental Rosaceae Found along streams or on a Horrible thorns Acer-like foliage Variable leaves Serrate margins Shiny Lots of little twigs Occasional tree hillside, but not in thickets Eastern hemlock Tsuga canadensis Pinaceae Dying from a pathogen, which is disastrous because it creates many microsystems Beneath it, the soil is more acidic from the needles Creates shade Found where the cool, moist, air drains off an Appalachian mountain Tiny, papery cones Short, 2-ranked needles 2 white lines on back of needles Planted ornamentally next to buildings Huge tree River Birch Betula nigra Betulaceae Simple, alternate leaves Hairs on underside Peely, paper bark Droopy branches Native to Ohio Flood plains and river banks Ornamental Shade intolerant Yellowwood Cladastris kentuckea Fabaceae Alternate Pinnately compound The twigs connects smoothly to the rachis Cup on the leaf covers the bud Native Grows along the limestone cliffs of KY rivers Very occasional ornamental Fir Abies sp. Pinaceae Flat needles Base of needles looks like suction cups Smells like orange Boreal forest Red maple Acer rubrum Aceraceae Serrate margins Three lobes Large range Successional in Appalachia Samara fruit Old Popular ornamental Bad structure like callery pear Black oak Quercus velutina Really orange below the Fagaceae Scaley caps on acorns Very small acorns Scales stick up Leaf similar to red oak, but fuzzy Blocky bark Fuzzy leaves surface Found in drier sites than red oak Doesn’t prune off its lower branches Likes sandy, acidic soils Leaves are deeply lobed at top Multiflora rose Rosa multiflora Has terrible thorns Rosaceae Spray it to kill it Invasive Problem in Dayton Origin is unknown Has rose hips (fruit) Red berry thing Dispersed by birds Makes thickets Blackberry/ Raspberry Rubus sp. grows a new plant Compound leaves Glaucous---whitened or waxy on the underside and 3-5 leaflets stem Some put shoots Shrub underground Thorny Grows in marginal habitats, old fields, forest Part of old-field succession Rosaceae Swoops to the ground and Amur Honeysuckle Lonicera maackii Suppresses natives Caprifoliaceae Can suppress the growth of Opposite, egg-shaped leaves canopy trees Allelopathic Berries in groups of fours Bird dispersed Robins and starlings Simple leaves Fast growing Monoculture Autumn Olive Elaeagnus umbellata Elaeagnaceae Looks like the underside was spray-painted silver From Russia Shrub Bird dispersed Fast growing Found in open areas Farms or farm reclaimed sites Blue Ash Fraxinus quadrangulata Most resilient to EAB Oleaceae Found in dry, limestone Opposite leaves savanna settings People used to make blue dye from the bark Pinnately compound Stems are angled (4) Not diamond bark Doesn’t compete well Has samaras– wind dispersed Intermediate shade tolerance Sumac Rhus sp. Birds and butterflies love it Anacardiaceae Animal dispersal Alternate leaves Clonal growth Pinnately compound Stout twigs Grows in clumps Weird fruiting structure (looks like coral) Found in open-disturbed habitats Kentucky Coffeetree Gymnocladus dioica Dispersed by ground sloths Fabaceae Doesn’t grow in stands Doubly pinnately compound Limestone soils Flaky bark with orange color Occasional tree Found in woodlots, habitat margins Not useful wood Male and female trees